我国企业境外档案管理面临的法律冲突与适用原则
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摘要
我国企业境外档案管理面临档案管辖权冲突、境内外档案法律规定冲突。对于前者,基于地域原则接受所在国家或地区的法律管辖是首要的,但也可以依据母公司对子公司的控制手段、国籍原则与保护原则确立对我国企业境外档案的管辖权,从而确立我国法律对我国企业境外档案的适用性。对于后者,实行双重遵从原则,即我国企业境外档案管理中应既遵从所在国或地区的法律规定,同时又遵从我国的法律规定。双重遵从符合公司法中的跨国公司管理原则,符合国际私法中基于所有权和控制权行使的管辖权原则,也符合国际经济贸易法中的"当事人意思自治"原则。
Overseas archives management of Chinese enterprises is confronted with conflict of jurisdiction of archives and regulations of domestic and foreign archives. For the former,Accepting the legal jurisdiction of the country or region based on geographic principles is paramount, but we can also rely on the parent company's control means to the subsidiaries, the principle of nationality and the principle of protection to establish the jurisdiction of the overseas archives of Chinese enterprises, so as to establish the applicability of Chinese law to the overseas archives of Chinese enterprises. For the latter, implementing the principle of double compliance, that is, the management of overseas archives of Chinese enterprises shall comply with the laws and regulations of the host country or region and at the same time comply with the laws and regulations of our country. Double compliance is consistent with the principle of multinational corporations in corporate law and conforms to the principle of jurisdiction under the private international law based on the exercise of ownership and control. It also complies with the principle of "autonomy of parties" in international economic and trade law.
Overseas archives management of Chinese enterprises is confronted with conflict of jurisdiction of archives and regulations of domestic and foreign archives. For the former,Accepting the legal jurisdiction of the country or region based on geographic principles is paramount, but we can also rely on the parent company's control means to the subsidiaries, the principle of nationality and the principle of protection to establish the jurisdiction of the overseas archives of Chinese enterprises, so as to establish the applicability of Chinese law to the overseas archives of Chinese enterprises. For the latter, implementing the principle of double compliance, that is, the management of overseas archives of Chinese enterprises shall comply with the laws and regulations of the host country or region and at the same time comply with the laws and regulations of our country. Double compliance is consistent with the principle of multinational corporations in corporate law and conforms to the principle of jurisdiction under the private international law based on the exercise of ownership and control. It also complies with the principle of "autonomy of parties" in international economic and trade law.
引文
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[21][22]根据笔者实践调查所获资料。
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[2]郭子岩.浅议境外企业和机构档案管理体制和方法研究的必要性[C]//行与知---社会主义文化大发展大繁荣中的档案工作.北京:中国文史出版社,2012:19-22.
[3]刘东平.境外国有企业档案监管工作体制与模式探略[J].机电兵船档案,2015(6):26-29.
[4]任凤仙.境外投资企业档案管理存在的问题及对策[J].北京档案,2005(7):19-21.
[5]孟秀丽.浅谈境外机构会计档案的归档管理[J].北京档案,2011(5):38-39.
[6][24]郭润华.企业境外机构档案管理现状分析及对策[J].北京档案,2011(7):31-33.
[7][18][20][26]徐拥军.中资企业境外档案监管的“双重遵从”原则[N].中国档案报,2018-01-04(3).
[8][12][13][15]舒蓉.双重遵从原则下我国境外企业档案管理研究[D].北京:中国人民大学,2013.
[9][10]李金泽.跨国公司与法律冲突[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2001:87,89.
[11][17]钟易峰.中资企业境外档案管理法律问题研究[D].北京:中国人民大学,2014.
[14][16][19]余劲松.跨国公司法律问题专论[M].北京:法律出版社,2008:327-328.
[21][22]根据笔者实践调查所获资料。
[23]邓东.跨国企业集团的境外企业档案管理探析[J].档案学研究,2016(3):110-115.
[25]赵娟.浅析大型国企国际化经营中档案管理工作[J].中国有色金属,2017(14):58-59.