篮球运动员躯干和下肢等速肌力分析
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摘要
背景:当前研究尚缺乏不同运动等级优秀女子篮球运动员等速肌力的比较性数据。目的:观察优秀女子篮球运动员躯干和下肢关节肌力特征,比较健将和一级运动员肌力的差异。方法:采用德国Iso Med 2000等速肌力测试仪,测试16名四川省(一级组)和17名国家队(健将组)优秀女子篮球运动员躯干和下肢关节不同角速度[60(°)/s,5次;240(°)/s,25次]的屈、伸肌力。结果与结论:(1)健将组右髋伸肌绝对力和屈肌爆发力,双侧膝屈、伸肌绝对力和右侧屈爆发力,双侧踝关节屈、伸肌绝对力和爆发力显著大于一级组(P<0.05);躯干屈肌爆发力,左髋伸肌绝对力、爆发力和右髋伸肌爆发力非常显著大于一级组(P<0.01);(2)髋、膝和踝关节屈、伸肌力比:健将组屈肌绝对力5.0∶3.6∶1,屈肌爆发力5.0∶3.2∶1,伸肌绝对力2.4∶1.6∶1,伸肌爆发力2.0∶1.3∶1;一级组屈肌绝对力6.3∶3.8∶1,屈肌爆发力6.6∶4.2∶1,伸肌绝对力2.3∶1.8∶1,伸肌爆发力1.8∶1.5∶1;(3)健将组的躯干爆发力,双侧髋、膝绝对力和爆发力的拮抗/主动肌比值与一级组有显著差异(P<0.05);(4)健将组和一级组下肢关节异侧同名肌差异均<10%;(5)健将组躯干屈、伸肌,双侧髋伸肌和双侧踝伸肌耐力显著大于一级组(P<0.05);(6)结果提示,随着测试角度增加,健将组和一级组躯干和下肢屈、伸峰力矩不同程度下降;健将组和一级组下肢异侧同名肌差异<10%;一级组需重视躯干屈肌爆发力,髋屈、伸肌绝对力和爆发力、膝伸肌绝对力和踝屈、伸绝对力和爆发力练习,同时需重视躯干屈、伸肌,髋和踝伸肌群的耐力训练。
BACKGROUND: There is a lack of comparative data concerning isokinetic muscle strength of elite female basketball players with different athletic levels. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the characteristics of muscle strength of trunk and lower limbs of elite female basketball players, and to compare the difference in the muscle strength between elite athletes and first-class athletes. METHODS: Sixteen Sichuan Provincial(first-class group), and 17 members of the national team(elite group) female basketball athletes were enrolled, and the flexion and extension muscle strength of trunk, hip, knee and ankle joints in different angular velocity(60(°)/s, 5 times; 240(°)/s, 25 times) were detected using the German Iso Med 2000 isokinetic testing. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The right hip extensor and flexor force absolute power, bilateral knee flexor and extensor force and absolute flexion explosive, bilateral ankle flexor and extensor and the explosive force in the elite group were significantly higher than those in the firstclass group(P < 0.05).The trunk flexor strength, left hip extensor force and absolute outbreak right hip extensor force and explosive force in the elite group were significantly higher than those in the first-class group(P < 0.01). In the elite group, the hip knee ankle muscle: the absolute strength of flexor 5.0:3.6:1, flexor extensor 5.0:3.2:1 explosive force, absolute force 2.4:1.6:1, extensor explosive force 2.0:1.3:1; in the first-class group had 6.3:3.8:1 absolute strength of flexor flexor, explosive force 6.6:4.2:1, 2.3:1.8:1 absolute extensor force, and 1.8:1.5:1 extensor explosive. There were significant differences in the antagonistic/active muscle ratios of torso explosive force, absolute strength of bilateral hip and knee joint and explosive force between two groups(P < 0.05). The lower extremity joint contralateral homonymous muscle in both groups was less than 10%. The trunk flexor and extensor, bilateral hip extensor and bilateral ankle extensor endurance in the elite group were significantly higher than those in the first-class group(P < 0.05). These findings suggest that with the increase of test angle, both groups showed a decrease in trunk and lower limb flexor extensor peak torque to different extents. The lower limb contralateral homonymous muscle was < 10% in both groups. Additionally, the first-class athletes should strengthen the trunk flexor strength, hip flexor and extensor force and absolute power, absolute knee extensor force and ankle flexion, absolute strength and explosive force exercises, also need to increase trunk flexor and extensor, hip and ankle extensor endurance training.
BACKGROUND: There is a lack of comparative data concerning isokinetic muscle strength of elite female basketball players with different athletic levels. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the characteristics of muscle strength of trunk and lower limbs of elite female basketball players, and to compare the difference in the muscle strength between elite athletes and first-class athletes. METHODS: Sixteen Sichuan Provincial(first-class group), and 17 members of the national team(elite group) female basketball athletes were enrolled, and the flexion and extension muscle strength of trunk, hip, knee and ankle joints in different angular velocity(60(°)/s, 5 times; 240(°)/s, 25 times) were detected using the German Iso Med 2000 isokinetic testing. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The right hip extensor and flexor force absolute power, bilateral knee flexor and extensor force and absolute flexion explosive, bilateral ankle flexor and extensor and the explosive force in the elite group were significantly higher than those in the firstclass group(P < 0.05).The trunk flexor strength, left hip extensor force and absolute outbreak right hip extensor force and explosive force in the elite group were significantly higher than those in the first-class group(P < 0.01). In the elite group, the hip knee ankle muscle: the absolute strength of flexor 5.0:3.6:1, flexor extensor 5.0:3.2:1 explosive force, absolute force 2.4:1.6:1, extensor explosive force 2.0:1.3:1; in the first-class group had 6.3:3.8:1 absolute strength of flexor flexor, explosive force 6.6:4.2:1, 2.3:1.8:1 absolute extensor force, and 1.8:1.5:1 extensor explosive. There were significant differences in the antagonistic/active muscle ratios of torso explosive force, absolute strength of bilateral hip and knee joint and explosive force between two groups(P < 0.05). The lower extremity joint contralateral homonymous muscle in both groups was less than 10%. The trunk flexor and extensor, bilateral hip extensor and bilateral ankle extensor endurance in the elite group were significantly higher than those in the first-class group(P < 0.05). These findings suggest that with the increase of test angle, both groups showed a decrease in trunk and lower limb flexor extensor peak torque to different extents. The lower limb contralateral homonymous muscle was < 10% in both groups. Additionally, the first-class athletes should strengthen the trunk flexor strength, hip flexor and extensor force and absolute power, absolute knee extensor force and ankle flexion, absolute strength and explosive force exercises, also need to increase trunk flexor and extensor, hip and ankle extensor endurance training.
引文
[1]吴新华,蒋云飞,程亮,等.优秀男子跳远运动员下肢关节等速肌力特征的分析[J].成都体育学院学报,2013,39(10):86-89.
[2]熊维志.优秀男子举重运动员腰背、膝关节等速肌力与专项成绩的相关性研究[J].成都体育学院学报,2014,40(5):57-62.
[3]Signorile JF,Sandler DJ,Smith WN,et al.Correlation analyses and regression modeling between isokinetic testing and on-court performance in competitive adolescent tennis players.J Strength Cond Res.2005;19(3):519-526.
[4]鞠秀奎.青少年男子体操运动员主要关节的等速肌力特征[J].中国组织工程研究,2016,20(46):6922-6929.
[5]宋爱晶,邓京捷,吕晓红,等.等速肌力测试膝、踝关节及腰背肌力量的评价[J].中国组织工程研究,2015,19(46):7425-7429.
[6]马涛,高炳宏.青少年运动员肩关节屈伸肌等速肌力测试与分析[J].中国组织工程研究,2016,20(24):3595-3601.
[7]杨学达,李晓兰.跨关节肌肉力量与人健身关节操的影响[J].中国组织工程研究,2015,19(15):2366-2370.
[8]葛卫忠.青少年男子篮球运动员膝关节等速肌力特征研究[J].山东体育学院学报,2010,26(3):46-50.
[9]罗兴来,刘雪峰,程亮,等.四川省少年男篮运动员膝关节等速肌力特征分析[J].四川体育科学,2016,35(3):36-39.
[10]肖冰,叶展红,庞杰.优秀青少年男子篮球运动员腰腹屈伸肌群生物力学特征[J].中国组织工程研究,2015,19(24):3889-3893.
[11]林长地,程亮.少年男篮运动员下肢等速肌力与纵跳高度、速度的相关性分析[J].山东体育科技,2015,37(4):72-76.
[12]Carvalho HM,Mj CES,Ronque ER,et al.Assessment of reliability in isokinetic testing among adolescent basketball players.Medicina.2011;47(8):446-452.
[13]Bradic A,Bradic J,Pasalic E,et al.Isokinetic leg strength profile of elite male basketball players.J Strength Cond Res.2009;23(4):1332-1337.
[14]罗安民,李珺晖,洪平.综合力量训练对中国女子篮球运动员腰、膝、踝等速力量的影响[J].中国体育科技,2012,48(2):35-39.
[15]Rouis M,Coudrat L,Jaafar H,et al.Assessment of isokinetic knee strength in elite young female basketball players:correlation with vertical jump.J Sports Med Phys Fitness.2015;55(12):1502.
[16]Brown SR,Brughelli M,Bridgeman LA.Profiling Isokinetic Strength by Leg Preference and Position in Rugby Union Athletes.Int J Sports Physiol Perform.2016;37(11):890-897.
[17]余利容,张乾伟.优秀男子举重运动员专项成绩与下肢等速肌力相关回归分析[J].武汉体育学院学报,2017,51(6):89-94.
[18]Andrade MS,De Lira CA,Koffes FC,et al.Isokinetic hamstrings-to-quadriceps peak torque ratio:the influence of sport modality,gender,and angular velocity.J Sports Sci.2012;30(6):547-553.
[19]辜伟,程亮.优秀女子武术运动员膝关节等速力量测试研究[J].成都体育学院学报,2013,39(4):77-80.
[20]卢澎涛.优秀男子游泳运动员肩关节等速肌力特征分析[J].成都体育学院学报,2014,40(12):58-62.
[21]罗安民,李珺晖,洪平.中国女子篮球运动员膝关节等速肌力测试分析[J].中国运动医学杂志,2012,31(6):517-522.
[22]吴毅,占飞.等速肌力测试和训练技术在运动医学中的应用[J].中国运动医学杂志,2002,21(1):81-84.
[23]陈星强,程亮,常书婉.四川省优秀自由式摔跤运动员膝关节等速力量测试的分析[J].四川体育科学,2012,5:32-35.
[24]林长地,程亮,林晞.全身振动训练对老年女性平衡能力和下肢关节肌力的影响[J].首都体育学院学报,2015,27(6):572-576.
[25]巴洪冰,程亮.高频全身振动训练及停练后对老年女性骨密度的影响[J].中国骨质疏松杂志,2017,23(4):428-430.
[26]Lee JH,Hoshino Y,Nakamura K,et al.Trunk muscle weakness as a risk factor for low back pain.A 5-year prospective study.Spine.1999;24(1):54-57.
[27]Sonza A,Andrade M C.Analysis of the isokinetic torque curves in shoulder movements.Rev Bras Med Esporte.2012;18(2):91-94.
[28]Tanaka D,Suga T,Tanaka T,et al.Ischemic preconditioning enhances muscle endurance during sustained lsometric exercise.Int J Sports Med.2016;37(8):614-618.
[29]郑丽,孟国正.力量训练中面对的三个问题:方法、内容与周期[J].武汉体育学院学报,2017,51(1):88-91.
[30]卓金源,吴赵昭,徐旻霄,等.高原体能训练对我国高水平优秀篮球运动员身体机能与形态的影响研究[J].北京体育大学学报,2017,40(3):93-100.
[2]熊维志.优秀男子举重运动员腰背、膝关节等速肌力与专项成绩的相关性研究[J].成都体育学院学报,2014,40(5):57-62.
[3]Signorile JF,Sandler DJ,Smith WN,et al.Correlation analyses and regression modeling between isokinetic testing and on-court performance in competitive adolescent tennis players.J Strength Cond Res.2005;19(3):519-526.
[4]鞠秀奎.青少年男子体操运动员主要关节的等速肌力特征[J].中国组织工程研究,2016,20(46):6922-6929.
[5]宋爱晶,邓京捷,吕晓红,等.等速肌力测试膝、踝关节及腰背肌力量的评价[J].中国组织工程研究,2015,19(46):7425-7429.
[6]马涛,高炳宏.青少年运动员肩关节屈伸肌等速肌力测试与分析[J].中国组织工程研究,2016,20(24):3595-3601.
[7]杨学达,李晓兰.跨关节肌肉力量与人健身关节操的影响[J].中国组织工程研究,2015,19(15):2366-2370.
[8]葛卫忠.青少年男子篮球运动员膝关节等速肌力特征研究[J].山东体育学院学报,2010,26(3):46-50.
[9]罗兴来,刘雪峰,程亮,等.四川省少年男篮运动员膝关节等速肌力特征分析[J].四川体育科学,2016,35(3):36-39.
[10]肖冰,叶展红,庞杰.优秀青少年男子篮球运动员腰腹屈伸肌群生物力学特征[J].中国组织工程研究,2015,19(24):3889-3893.
[11]林长地,程亮.少年男篮运动员下肢等速肌力与纵跳高度、速度的相关性分析[J].山东体育科技,2015,37(4):72-76.
[12]Carvalho HM,Mj CES,Ronque ER,et al.Assessment of reliability in isokinetic testing among adolescent basketball players.Medicina.2011;47(8):446-452.
[13]Bradic A,Bradic J,Pasalic E,et al.Isokinetic leg strength profile of elite male basketball players.J Strength Cond Res.2009;23(4):1332-1337.
[14]罗安民,李珺晖,洪平.综合力量训练对中国女子篮球运动员腰、膝、踝等速力量的影响[J].中国体育科技,2012,48(2):35-39.
[15]Rouis M,Coudrat L,Jaafar H,et al.Assessment of isokinetic knee strength in elite young female basketball players:correlation with vertical jump.J Sports Med Phys Fitness.2015;55(12):1502.
[16]Brown SR,Brughelli M,Bridgeman LA.Profiling Isokinetic Strength by Leg Preference and Position in Rugby Union Athletes.Int J Sports Physiol Perform.2016;37(11):890-897.
[17]余利容,张乾伟.优秀男子举重运动员专项成绩与下肢等速肌力相关回归分析[J].武汉体育学院学报,2017,51(6):89-94.
[18]Andrade MS,De Lira CA,Koffes FC,et al.Isokinetic hamstrings-to-quadriceps peak torque ratio:the influence of sport modality,gender,and angular velocity.J Sports Sci.2012;30(6):547-553.
[19]辜伟,程亮.优秀女子武术运动员膝关节等速力量测试研究[J].成都体育学院学报,2013,39(4):77-80.
[20]卢澎涛.优秀男子游泳运动员肩关节等速肌力特征分析[J].成都体育学院学报,2014,40(12):58-62.
[21]罗安民,李珺晖,洪平.中国女子篮球运动员膝关节等速肌力测试分析[J].中国运动医学杂志,2012,31(6):517-522.
[22]吴毅,占飞.等速肌力测试和训练技术在运动医学中的应用[J].中国运动医学杂志,2002,21(1):81-84.
[23]陈星强,程亮,常书婉.四川省优秀自由式摔跤运动员膝关节等速力量测试的分析[J].四川体育科学,2012,5:32-35.
[24]林长地,程亮,林晞.全身振动训练对老年女性平衡能力和下肢关节肌力的影响[J].首都体育学院学报,2015,27(6):572-576.
[25]巴洪冰,程亮.高频全身振动训练及停练后对老年女性骨密度的影响[J].中国骨质疏松杂志,2017,23(4):428-430.
[26]Lee JH,Hoshino Y,Nakamura K,et al.Trunk muscle weakness as a risk factor for low back pain.A 5-year prospective study.Spine.1999;24(1):54-57.
[27]Sonza A,Andrade M C.Analysis of the isokinetic torque curves in shoulder movements.Rev Bras Med Esporte.2012;18(2):91-94.
[28]Tanaka D,Suga T,Tanaka T,et al.Ischemic preconditioning enhances muscle endurance during sustained lsometric exercise.Int J Sports Med.2016;37(8):614-618.
[29]郑丽,孟国正.力量训练中面对的三个问题:方法、内容与周期[J].武汉体育学院学报,2017,51(1):88-91.
[30]卓金源,吴赵昭,徐旻霄,等.高原体能训练对我国高水平优秀篮球运动员身体机能与形态的影响研究[J].北京体育大学学报,2017,40(3):93-100.