FIFA 11+对青少年校园足球运动员膝关节肌力的影响
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摘要
目的:探讨8周FIFA 11+练习对青少年校园足球运动员膝关节等速肌力的影响。方法:将16名初中男子足球队队员随机分为FIFA 11+练习组和对照组,每组8人。所有队员的踢球优势侧均为右侧。FIFA 11+组每周进行2次FIFA 11+练习,均安排在训练前的热身阶段;对照组则进行球队日常热身练习。实验持续8周,比较实验前后FIFA 11+组和对照组膝关节在60°/s和180°/s两个角速度下等速肌力变化幅度(△=实验后-实验前)的差异。结果:8周干预后,FIFA 11+组非优势侧左膝关节60°/s屈曲时的腘绳肌峰值力矩、相对峰值力矩、峰值功率、相对峰值功率增加幅度均显著高于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01),优势侧右膝关节未见显著性变化(P>0.05)。左右两侧膝关节60°/s伸展时的股四头肌等速肌力变化也未见显著性差异(P>0.05)。8周干预后,两侧膝关节180°/s时的等速肌力变化均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:8周FIFA 11+练习可显著改善青少年校园足球运动员非优势侧膝关节腘绳肌的肌力。
Objective To explore the effect of FIFA 11+ on isokinetic knee strength of youth ama-teur football players. Methods Sixteen youth amateur football players from the same junior middleschool were randomly and equally divided into an FIFA 11+ and a control group. The dominant kick-ing legs of all players were the right ones. All players in the FIFA 11+ group practiced FIFA 11+twice a week as a warm-up program before starting regular training,while the control group kept theirregular warm-up practice for the whole study lasting for eight weeks. The gap in isokinetic kneestrength before and after the intervention was analyzed and compared between groups. Concentric iso-kinetic test protocols for knee joints were used to measure the knee flexor and extensor musclestrength at two angular velocities of 60°/s and 180°/s. Results After the intervention,the improvement of the peak torque,relative peak torque,peak power and relative peak power of the left knee flexion(non-dominant hamstrings) at 60°/s was more significant in the FIFA 11+ group,compared with the controlgroup(P<0.05 or P<0.01). On the contrary,no similar significance was found in the right legs(P>0.05).There were also no significant changes in the isokinetic tests of the left and right knee extensors(quadri-ceps) at 60°/s. Moreover,there was no difference between the FIFA 11+ and control groups in pre-topost-test changes of knee strength at 180°/s. Conclusions Eight-week FIFA 11+ training can effectivelyimprove the hamstring strength of the non-dominant legs of youth amateur football players.
Objective To explore the effect of FIFA 11+ on isokinetic knee strength of youth ama-teur football players. Methods Sixteen youth amateur football players from the same junior middleschool were randomly and equally divided into an FIFA 11+ and a control group. The dominant kick-ing legs of all players were the right ones. All players in the FIFA 11+ group practiced FIFA 11+twice a week as a warm-up program before starting regular training,while the control group kept theirregular warm-up practice for the whole study lasting for eight weeks. The gap in isokinetic kneestrength before and after the intervention was analyzed and compared between groups. Concentric iso-kinetic test protocols for knee joints were used to measure the knee flexor and extensor musclestrength at two angular velocities of 60°/s and 180°/s. Results After the intervention,the improvement of the peak torque,relative peak torque,peak power and relative peak power of the left knee flexion(non-dominant hamstrings) at 60°/s was more significant in the FIFA 11+ group,compared with the controlgroup(P<0.05 or P<0.01). On the contrary,no similar significance was found in the right legs(P>0.05).There were also no significant changes in the isokinetic tests of the left and right knee extensors(quadri-ceps) at 60°/s. Moreover,there was no difference between the FIFA 11+ and control groups in pre-topost-test changes of knee strength at 180°/s. Conclusions Eight-week FIFA 11+ training can effectivelyimprove the hamstring strength of the non-dominant legs of youth amateur football players.
引文
[1]Faude O,Rossler R,Junge A.Football injuries in chil-dren and adolescent players:are there clues for preven-tion?[J].Sports Med,2013,43(9):819-837.
[2]Bangsbo J,Hansen PR,Dvorak J,et al.Recreational foot-ball for disease prevention and treatment in untrainedmen:a narrative review examining cardiovascular health,lipid profile,body composition,muscle strength and func-tional capacity[J].Br J Sports Med,2015,49(9):568-576.
[3]FIFA.FIFA Big Count 2006:270 million people activein football[EB/OL].[2017-12-12].http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/fifafacts/bcoffsurv/bigcount.statspackage_7024.pdf.
[4]Cheng X.China unveils reform plan to boost football devel-opment[EB/OL].[2017-12-11].http://english.cri.cn/12394/2015/03/17/2702s870355.htm.
[5]中华人民共和国教育部等6部门.教育部等6部门关于加快发展青少年校园足球的实施意见[EB/OL].[2017-12-11].http://www.moe.edu.cn/srcsite/A17/moe_938/s3273/201508/t20150811_199309.html.
[6]Bizzini M,Dvorak J.FIFA 11+:an effective programmeto prevent football injuries in various player groupsworldwide—a narrative review[J].Br J Sports Med,2015,49(9):577-579.
[7]Dvorak J,Junge A.Twenty years of the FIFA MedicalAssessment and Research Centre:from'medicine for foot-ball'to'football for health'[J].Br J Sports Med,2015,49(9):561-563.
[8]徐金成,高璨.全国性校园足球推广中的潜在健康效益与风险[J].中国学校卫生,2017,38(11):1604-1605.
[9]徐金成,矫玮,高颀.FIFA 11+综合热身练习在足球运动中的应用——系统综述[J].中国体育科技,2015,(2):22-35.
[10]Bizzini M,Junge A,Dvorak J.Implementation of the FI-FA 11+football warm up program:how to approach and convince the Football associations to invest in prevention[J].Br J Sports Med,2013,47(12):803-806.
[11]Al Attar W,Soomro N,Pappas E,et al.How Effectiveare F-MARC injury prevention programs for soccer play-ers?A systematic review and meta-analysis[J].SportsMed,2015:1-13.
[12]Grooms DR,Palmer T,Onate JA,et al.Soccer-specificwarm-up and lower extremity injury rates in collegiatemale soccer players[J].J Athl Train,2013,48(6):782-789.
[13]Silvers H,Mandelbaum B,Bizzini M,et al.The efficacyof the fifa 11+program in the collegiate male soccerplayer(USA)[J].Br J Sports Med,2014,48(7):662.
[14]Saho Y,Haruyasu K,Nakahori C,et al.The efficacy ofcomprehensive warm-up program in male adolescent foot-ball players[J].Br J Sports Med,2014,48(7):655-656.
[15]Steffen K,Meeuwisse WH,Romiti M,et al.Evaluation ofhow different implementation strategies of an injury pre-vention programme(FIFA 11+)impact team adherenceand injury risk in Canadian female youth football play-ers:a cluster-randomised trial[J].Br J Sports Med,2013,47(8):480-487.
[16]Steffen K,Emery CA,Romiti M,et al.High adherence toa neuromuscular injury prevention programme(FIFA11+)improves functional balance and reduces injuryrisk in Canadian youth female football players:a clusterrandomised trial[J].Br J Sports Med,2013,47(12):794-802.
[17]Soligard T,Nilstad A,Steffen K,et al.Compliance with acomprehensive warm-up programme to prevent injuriesin youth football[J].Br J Sports Med,2010,44(11):787-793.
[18]Steffen K,Myklebust G,Olsen OE,et al.Preventing inju-ries in female youth football—a cluster-randomized con-trolled trial[J].Scand J Med Sci Sports,2008,18(5):605-614.
[19]Soligard T,Myklebust G,Steffen K,et al.Comprehensivewarm-up programme to prevent injuries in young femalefootballers:cluster randomised controlled trial[J].BMJ,2008,337:a2469.
[20]Thorborg K,Krommes KK,Esteve E,et al.Effect of spe-cific exercise-based football injury prevention pro-grammes on the overall injury rate in football:a system-atic review and meta-analysis of the FIFA 11 and 11+programmes[J].Br J Sports Med,2017,51(7):562-571.
[21]Brito J,Figueiredo P,Fernandes L,et al.Isokineticstrength effects of FIFA'S"The 11+"injury preventiontraining programme[J].Isokinet Exerc Sci,2010,18(4):211-215.
[22]Impellizzeri FM,Bizzini M,Dvorak J,et al.Physiologicaland performance responses to the FIFA 11+(part 2):arandomised controlled trial on the training effects[J].J Sports Sci,2013,31(13):1491-502.
[23]Daneshjoo A,Rahnama N,Mokhtar AH,et al.Effective-ness of injury prevention programs on developing quadri-ceps and hamstrings strength of young male professionalsoccer players[J].J Hum Kinet,2013,39:115-125.
[24]Daneshjoo A,Mokhtar A,Rahnama N,et al.The effectsof injury prevention warm-up programmes on kneestrength in male soccer players[J].Biol Sport,2013,30(4):281-288.
[25]Daneshjoo A,Mokhtar AH,Rahnama N,et al.The effectsof comprehensive warm-up programs on proprioception,static and dynamic balance on male soccer players[J].PLo S One,2012,7(12):e51568.
[26]徐金成,高璨,高颀,等.中国足球运动损伤研究现状及其国际比较[J].中国运动医学杂志,2017,36(01):84-90.
[27]Rossler R,Donath L,Bizzini M,et al.A new injury pre-vention programme for children's football-FIFA 11+Kids-can improve motor performance:a cluster-ran-domised controlled trial[J].J Sports Sci,2015:1-8.
[28]Bizzini M,Junge A,Dvorak J.The"11+"Manual-A com-plete warm-up programme to prevent injuries[EB/OL].[2017-12-11].http://f-marc.com/11plus/manual/.
[29]Teixeira J,Carvalho P,Moreira C,et al.Isokinetic assess-ment of muscle imbalances and bilateral differences be-tween knee extensores and flexores’strength in basket-ball,footbal,handball and volleyball athletes[J].Int JSports Sci,2014,4(1):1-6.
[30]MalyT,Zahálka FLM.Isokinetic strength,ipsilateral andbilateral ratio of peak muscle torque in knee flexors andextensors in elite young soccer players[J].Acta Kinesio-logica,2010,4(2):17-23.
[31]Gioftsidou A,Ispirlidis I,Pafis G,et al.Isokineticstrength training program for muscular imbalances in pro-fessional soccer players[J].Sport Sci Health,2008,2(3):101.
[32]M Lehnert,Psotta R,Chvojka P,et al.Seasonal variationin isokinetic peak torque in youth soccer players[J].Kine-siol,2014,46(1):79-87.
[33]Daneshjoo A,Mokhtar AH,Rahnama N,et al.The effectsof injury preventive warm-up programs on knee strengthratio in young male professional soccer players[J].PLo SOne,2012,7(12):e50979.
[34]Forbes H,Sutcliffe S,Lovell A,et al.Isokinetic thighmuscle ratios in youth football:effect of age and domi-nance[J].Int J Sports Med,2009,30(8):602-606.
[35]Dvir Z.Isokinetics:Muscle testing,interpretation,and clin-ical applications:Churchill Livingstone;2004.
[36]Simundic AM.Practical recommendations for statisticalanalysis and data presentation in Biochemia Medica jour-nal[J].Biochem Med(Zagreb),2012,22(1):15-23.
[37]Marusteri M,Vladimir B.Comparing groups for statistical differences:how to choose the right statistical test?[J].Biochem Med(Zagreb),2010,20(1):15-32.
[38] Steffen K,Bakka HM,Myklebust G,et al. Performance as-pects of an injury prevention program:a ten-week inter-vention in adolescent female football players[J]. Scand JMed Sci Sports,2008,18(5):596-604.
[39] Gatterer H,Ruedl G,Faulhaber M,et al. Effects of theperformance level and the FIFA"11"injury preventionprogram on the injury rate in Italian male amateur soc-cer players[J]. J Sports Med Phys Fitness,2012,52(1):80-84.
[40]宋爱晶,邓京捷,吕晓红,等.等速肌力测试膝、踝关节及腰背肌力量的评价[J].中国组织工程研究,2015,(46):7425-7429.
[41] Ekstrand J,Hagglund M,Walden M. Injury incidenceand injury patterns in professional football:the UEFA injury study[J]. Br J Sports Med,2011,45(7):553-558.
[42] Ekstrand J,Hagglund M,Walden M. Epidemiology of mus-cle injuries in professional football(soccer)[J]. Am JSports Med,2011,39(6):1226-1232.
[43] Rossler R,Junge A,Chomiak J,et al. Soccer injuries inplayers aged 7 to 12 years:A descriptive epidemiologi-cal study over 2 seasons[J]. Am J Sports Med,2015,44(2):309-317.
[44] Oakley AJ,Jennings J,Bishop CJ. Holistic hamstringhealth:not just the Nordic hamstring exercise[J]. Br JSports Med,2018,52(13):816-817.
[45] van Beijsterveldt AM,van de Port IG,Vereijken AJ,etal. Risk factors for hamstring injuries in male soccerplayers:a systematic review of prospective studies[J].Scand J Med Sci Sports,2013,23(3):253-262.
[2]Bangsbo J,Hansen PR,Dvorak J,et al.Recreational foot-ball for disease prevention and treatment in untrainedmen:a narrative review examining cardiovascular health,lipid profile,body composition,muscle strength and func-tional capacity[J].Br J Sports Med,2015,49(9):568-576.
[3]FIFA.FIFA Big Count 2006:270 million people activein football[EB/OL].[2017-12-12].http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/fifafacts/bcoffsurv/bigcount.statspackage_7024.pdf.
[4]Cheng X.China unveils reform plan to boost football devel-opment[EB/OL].[2017-12-11].http://english.cri.cn/12394/2015/03/17/2702s870355.htm.
[5]中华人民共和国教育部等6部门.教育部等6部门关于加快发展青少年校园足球的实施意见[EB/OL].[2017-12-11].http://www.moe.edu.cn/srcsite/A17/moe_938/s3273/201508/t20150811_199309.html.
[6]Bizzini M,Dvorak J.FIFA 11+:an effective programmeto prevent football injuries in various player groupsworldwide—a narrative review[J].Br J Sports Med,2015,49(9):577-579.
[7]Dvorak J,Junge A.Twenty years of the FIFA MedicalAssessment and Research Centre:from'medicine for foot-ball'to'football for health'[J].Br J Sports Med,2015,49(9):561-563.
[8]徐金成,高璨.全国性校园足球推广中的潜在健康效益与风险[J].中国学校卫生,2017,38(11):1604-1605.
[9]徐金成,矫玮,高颀.FIFA 11+综合热身练习在足球运动中的应用——系统综述[J].中国体育科技,2015,(2):22-35.
[10]Bizzini M,Junge A,Dvorak J.Implementation of the FI-FA 11+football warm up program:how to approach and convince the Football associations to invest in prevention[J].Br J Sports Med,2013,47(12):803-806.
[11]Al Attar W,Soomro N,Pappas E,et al.How Effectiveare F-MARC injury prevention programs for soccer play-ers?A systematic review and meta-analysis[J].SportsMed,2015:1-13.
[12]Grooms DR,Palmer T,Onate JA,et al.Soccer-specificwarm-up and lower extremity injury rates in collegiatemale soccer players[J].J Athl Train,2013,48(6):782-789.
[13]Silvers H,Mandelbaum B,Bizzini M,et al.The efficacyof the fifa 11+program in the collegiate male soccerplayer(USA)[J].Br J Sports Med,2014,48(7):662.
[14]Saho Y,Haruyasu K,Nakahori C,et al.The efficacy ofcomprehensive warm-up program in male adolescent foot-ball players[J].Br J Sports Med,2014,48(7):655-656.
[15]Steffen K,Meeuwisse WH,Romiti M,et al.Evaluation ofhow different implementation strategies of an injury pre-vention programme(FIFA 11+)impact team adherenceand injury risk in Canadian female youth football play-ers:a cluster-randomised trial[J].Br J Sports Med,2013,47(8):480-487.
[16]Steffen K,Emery CA,Romiti M,et al.High adherence toa neuromuscular injury prevention programme(FIFA11+)improves functional balance and reduces injuryrisk in Canadian youth female football players:a clusterrandomised trial[J].Br J Sports Med,2013,47(12):794-802.
[17]Soligard T,Nilstad A,Steffen K,et al.Compliance with acomprehensive warm-up programme to prevent injuriesin youth football[J].Br J Sports Med,2010,44(11):787-793.
[18]Steffen K,Myklebust G,Olsen OE,et al.Preventing inju-ries in female youth football—a cluster-randomized con-trolled trial[J].Scand J Med Sci Sports,2008,18(5):605-614.
[19]Soligard T,Myklebust G,Steffen K,et al.Comprehensivewarm-up programme to prevent injuries in young femalefootballers:cluster randomised controlled trial[J].BMJ,2008,337:a2469.
[20]Thorborg K,Krommes KK,Esteve E,et al.Effect of spe-cific exercise-based football injury prevention pro-grammes on the overall injury rate in football:a system-atic review and meta-analysis of the FIFA 11 and 11+programmes[J].Br J Sports Med,2017,51(7):562-571.
[21]Brito J,Figueiredo P,Fernandes L,et al.Isokineticstrength effects of FIFA'S"The 11+"injury preventiontraining programme[J].Isokinet Exerc Sci,2010,18(4):211-215.
[22]Impellizzeri FM,Bizzini M,Dvorak J,et al.Physiologicaland performance responses to the FIFA 11+(part 2):arandomised controlled trial on the training effects[J].J Sports Sci,2013,31(13):1491-502.
[23]Daneshjoo A,Rahnama N,Mokhtar AH,et al.Effective-ness of injury prevention programs on developing quadri-ceps and hamstrings strength of young male professionalsoccer players[J].J Hum Kinet,2013,39:115-125.
[24]Daneshjoo A,Mokhtar A,Rahnama N,et al.The effectsof injury prevention warm-up programmes on kneestrength in male soccer players[J].Biol Sport,2013,30(4):281-288.
[25]Daneshjoo A,Mokhtar AH,Rahnama N,et al.The effectsof comprehensive warm-up programs on proprioception,static and dynamic balance on male soccer players[J].PLo S One,2012,7(12):e51568.
[26]徐金成,高璨,高颀,等.中国足球运动损伤研究现状及其国际比较[J].中国运动医学杂志,2017,36(01):84-90.
[27]Rossler R,Donath L,Bizzini M,et al.A new injury pre-vention programme for children's football-FIFA 11+Kids-can improve motor performance:a cluster-ran-domised controlled trial[J].J Sports Sci,2015:1-8.
[28]Bizzini M,Junge A,Dvorak J.The"11+"Manual-A com-plete warm-up programme to prevent injuries[EB/OL].[2017-12-11].http://f-marc.com/11plus/manual/.
[29]Teixeira J,Carvalho P,Moreira C,et al.Isokinetic assess-ment of muscle imbalances and bilateral differences be-tween knee extensores and flexores’strength in basket-ball,footbal,handball and volleyball athletes[J].Int JSports Sci,2014,4(1):1-6.
[30]MalyT,Zahálka FLM.Isokinetic strength,ipsilateral andbilateral ratio of peak muscle torque in knee flexors andextensors in elite young soccer players[J].Acta Kinesio-logica,2010,4(2):17-23.
[31]Gioftsidou A,Ispirlidis I,Pafis G,et al.Isokineticstrength training program for muscular imbalances in pro-fessional soccer players[J].Sport Sci Health,2008,2(3):101.
[32]M Lehnert,Psotta R,Chvojka P,et al.Seasonal variationin isokinetic peak torque in youth soccer players[J].Kine-siol,2014,46(1):79-87.
[33]Daneshjoo A,Mokhtar AH,Rahnama N,et al.The effectsof injury preventive warm-up programs on knee strengthratio in young male professional soccer players[J].PLo SOne,2012,7(12):e50979.
[34]Forbes H,Sutcliffe S,Lovell A,et al.Isokinetic thighmuscle ratios in youth football:effect of age and domi-nance[J].Int J Sports Med,2009,30(8):602-606.
[35]Dvir Z.Isokinetics:Muscle testing,interpretation,and clin-ical applications:Churchill Livingstone;2004.
[36]Simundic AM.Practical recommendations for statisticalanalysis and data presentation in Biochemia Medica jour-nal[J].Biochem Med(Zagreb),2012,22(1):15-23.
[37]Marusteri M,Vladimir B.Comparing groups for statistical differences:how to choose the right statistical test?[J].Biochem Med(Zagreb),2010,20(1):15-32.
[38] Steffen K,Bakka HM,Myklebust G,et al. Performance as-pects of an injury prevention program:a ten-week inter-vention in adolescent female football players[J]. Scand JMed Sci Sports,2008,18(5):596-604.
[39] Gatterer H,Ruedl G,Faulhaber M,et al. Effects of theperformance level and the FIFA"11"injury preventionprogram on the injury rate in Italian male amateur soc-cer players[J]. J Sports Med Phys Fitness,2012,52(1):80-84.
[40]宋爱晶,邓京捷,吕晓红,等.等速肌力测试膝、踝关节及腰背肌力量的评价[J].中国组织工程研究,2015,(46):7425-7429.
[41] Ekstrand J,Hagglund M,Walden M. Injury incidenceand injury patterns in professional football:the UEFA injury study[J]. Br J Sports Med,2011,45(7):553-558.
[42] Ekstrand J,Hagglund M,Walden M. Epidemiology of mus-cle injuries in professional football(soccer)[J]. Am JSports Med,2011,39(6):1226-1232.
[43] Rossler R,Junge A,Chomiak J,et al. Soccer injuries inplayers aged 7 to 12 years:A descriptive epidemiologi-cal study over 2 seasons[J]. Am J Sports Med,2015,44(2):309-317.
[44] Oakley AJ,Jennings J,Bishop CJ. Holistic hamstringhealth:not just the Nordic hamstring exercise[J]. Br JSports Med,2018,52(13):816-817.
[45] van Beijsterveldt AM,van de Port IG,Vereijken AJ,etal. Risk factors for hamstring injuries in male soccerplayers:a systematic review of prospective studies[J].Scand J Med Sci Sports,2013,23(3):253-262.