皮肤微生物群落的研究进展及法医学应用
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摘要
皮肤是人体最大的器官,是大量皮肤微生物的栖息地。由于不同个体、不同部位的皮肤的生态环境略有差异,分布于皮肤上的微生物群落也呈现了一定的差异性。通过对皮肤微生物群落的多样性和多变性的研究,人们发现虽然皮肤暴露于外界环境中,皮肤微生物群落受到多种因素的影响,但是仍表现出宿主特异性、部位特异性和时间稳定性。这些特性使得皮肤微生物群落可能在法医学领域的个人识别、人员特征刻画、死亡时间推断等方面发挥作用。本文综述了皮肤微生物群落的结构与分布的特点,列举了皮肤微生物群落的研究方法以及在法医学应用方面的最新进展,希望能为皮肤微生物应用于法医学检验鉴定提供参考。
Skin is the largest human organ, inhabited by diverse microbes, e.g., bacteria and fungi. Various individuals and even same person's different dermal sites have their discrepant eco-environments, thus making their skin-associated microbial communities somewhat distinctive. From the researches into the diversity and variety of skin microbes, human dermal microbial communities are discovered host/site-specific and stable in certain duration of time although the skin is exposed to the external environment which to influence the relevant dermal microbiome. Therefore, the skin microbial community may play its role into forensic identification such as personal identity, individual's characteristic depiction and death time. The skin microbiome may also be a means to link people, animals and/or objects with a specific location so that the crime scenes/locations can be clued or guessed. This review is to describe the characteristics of human skin microbial community and the involving researches, hoping to provide a reference for applicability of the skin microbial community into forensic practice.
Skin is the largest human organ, inhabited by diverse microbes, e.g., bacteria and fungi. Various individuals and even same person's different dermal sites have their discrepant eco-environments, thus making their skin-associated microbial communities somewhat distinctive. From the researches into the diversity and variety of skin microbes, human dermal microbial communities are discovered host/site-specific and stable in certain duration of time although the skin is exposed to the external environment which to influence the relevant dermal microbiome. Therefore, the skin microbial community may play its role into forensic identification such as personal identity, individual's characteristic depiction and death time. The skin microbiome may also be a means to link people, animals and/or objects with a specific location so that the crime scenes/locations can be clued or guessed. This review is to describe the characteristics of human skin microbial community and the involving researches, hoping to provide a reference for applicability of the skin microbial community into forensic practice.
引文
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[19]姚雪,刘文丽,裴广倩,等.宏基因组靶向测序分析皮肤表面微生物群落方法优化[J].生物技术通报,2016,32(11):137-143.
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[24]SCHMEDES S E,WOERNER A E,NOVROSKI N,et al.Targeted sequencing of clade-specific markers from skin microbiomes for forensic human identification[J].Forensic Science International:Genetics,2017,32:50-61.
[25]MEADOW J F,ALTRICHTER A E,KEMBEL S W,et al.Bacterial communities on classroom surfaces vary with human contact[J/OL].Microbiome,2014,2(1):7[2018-01-10].https://microbiomejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/2049-2618-2-7.DOI:10.1186/2049-2618-2-7.
[26]江鑫钰,王江峰,朱光辉.尸体腐败微生物的研究进展[J].中国法医学杂志,2016,31(2):148-150.
[27]JOHNSON H R,TRINIDAD D D,GUZMAN S,et al.AMachine Learning Approach for Using the Postmortem Skin Microbiome to Estimate the Postmortem Interval[J/OL].Plos One,2016,11(12):e0167370[2018-01-10].http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0167370.DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0167370.
[28]WILKINS D,LEUNG M H,LEE P K.Microbiota fingerprints lose individually identifying features over time[J/OL].Microbiome,2017,5(1):1[2018-01-10].https://microbiomejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40168-016-0209-7.DOI:10.1186/s40168-016-0209-7.
[2]HANNIGAN G D,GRICE E A.Microbial ecology of the skin in the era of metagenomics and molecular microbiology[J].Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine,2013,3(12):a015362.
[3]OH J,BYRD A L,PARK M,et al.Temporal Stability of the Human Skin Microbiome[J].Cell,2016,165(4):854-866.
[4]FINDLEY K,OH J,YANG J,et al.Topographic diversity of fungal and bacterial communities in human skin[J].Nature,2013,498(7454):367-370.
[5]OH J,BYRD A L,DEMING C,et al.Biogeogra phy and individuality shape function in the human skin metagenome[J].Nature,2014,514(7520):59-64.
[6]SOMERVILLE D A.The normal flora of the skin in different age groups[J].British Journal of Dermatology,1969,81(4):248-58.
[7]LEYDEN J J,MCGILEY K J,MILLS O H,et al.Age-Related Changes In The Resident Bacterial Flora Of The Human Face[J].Journal of Investigative Dermatology,1975,65(4):379-81.
[8]GIACOMONI P U,MAMMONE T,TERI M.Gender-linked differences in human skin[J].Journal of Dermatological Science,2009,55(3):144-149.
[9]应时,全哲学.人体皮肤微生物群落研究进展[J].微生物与感染,2013,8(3):166-173.
[10]LRUNG M H Y,WILKINS D,LEE P K H.Insights into the pan-microbiome:skin microbial communities of Chinese individuals differ from other racial groups[J].Scientific Reports,2015,5:11845-11858.
[11]FIERER N,HAMADY M,LAUBER C L,et al.The influence of sex,handedness,and washing on the diversity of hand surface bacteria[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2008,105(46):17994-17999.
[12]JIN S S,CHRISTIAN L,COSTELLO E K,et al.Cohabiting family members share microbiota with one another and with their dogs[J].Elife,2013,2(2):e00458.
[13]LAX S,SMITH D P,HAMPTONMARCELL J,et al.Longitudinal analysis of microbial interaction between humans and the indoor environment[J].Science,2014,345(6200):1048-1052.
[14]ABELES S R,JONES M B,SANTIAGORODRIGUEZ T M,et al.Microbial diversity in individuals and their household contacts following typical antibiotic courses[J].Microbiome,2016,4(1):39.
[15]FRANZOSA E A,HUANG K,MEADOW J F,et al.Identifying personal microbiomes using metagenomic codes[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2015,112(22):E2930-E2938.
[16]黄勇,高金平,张学军.人皮肤微生物的实验方法学研究进展[J].国际皮肤性病学杂志,2017,43(4):246-249.
[17]GOODRICH J K,DI RIENZI S C,POOLE A C,et al.Conducting a microbiome study[J].Cell,2014,158(2):250-262.
[18]MEISEL J S,HANNIGAN G D,TYLDSLEY A S,et al.Skin microbiome surveys are strongly influenced by experimental design[J].Journal of Investigative Dermatology,2016,136(5):947-596.
[19]姚雪,刘文丽,裴广倩,等.宏基因组靶向测序分析皮肤表面微生物群落方法优化[J].生物技术通报,2016,32(11):137-143.
[20]TESSLER M,NEUMANN J S,AFSHINNEKOO E,et al.Large-scale differences in microbial biodiversity discovery between 16S amplicon and shotgun sequencing[J].Scientific Reports,2017,7:141-154.
[21]FIERER N,LAUBER C L,ZHOU N,et al.Forensic identification using skin bacterial communities[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2010,107(14):6477-81.
[22]TIMS S,WAMEL W V,ENDTZ H P,et al.Microbial DNAfingerprinting of human fingerprints:dynamic colonization of fingertip microflora challenges human host inferences for forensic purposes[J].International Journal of Legal Medicine,2010,124(5):477-481.
[23]SCHMEDES S E,WOERNER A E,BUDOWLE B.Forensic human identification using skin microbiomes[J/OL].Appl Environ Microbiol,2017,83(22):AEM.01672-17[2018-01-10].http://aem.asm.org/content/83/22/e01672-17.long.DOI:10.1128/AEM.01672-17.
[24]SCHMEDES S E,WOERNER A E,NOVROSKI N,et al.Targeted sequencing of clade-specific markers from skin microbiomes for forensic human identification[J].Forensic Science International:Genetics,2017,32:50-61.
[25]MEADOW J F,ALTRICHTER A E,KEMBEL S W,et al.Bacterial communities on classroom surfaces vary with human contact[J/OL].Microbiome,2014,2(1):7[2018-01-10].https://microbiomejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/2049-2618-2-7.DOI:10.1186/2049-2618-2-7.
[26]江鑫钰,王江峰,朱光辉.尸体腐败微生物的研究进展[J].中国法医学杂志,2016,31(2):148-150.
[27]JOHNSON H R,TRINIDAD D D,GUZMAN S,et al.AMachine Learning Approach for Using the Postmortem Skin Microbiome to Estimate the Postmortem Interval[J/OL].Plos One,2016,11(12):e0167370[2018-01-10].http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0167370.DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0167370.
[28]WILKINS D,LEUNG M H,LEE P K.Microbiota fingerprints lose individually identifying features over time[J/OL].Microbiome,2017,5(1):1[2018-01-10].https://microbiomejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40168-016-0209-7.DOI:10.1186/s40168-016-0209-7.