新时代矿业发展模式的重塑与升级:基于“地质修复3.0”的视觉考量
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摘要
绿色发展主导下的矿业资源综合利用理念与模式需要变革和升级。在"大地质"视阈下,以单纯"复垦、复绿"为特征的地质修复1.0模式和以生态旅游区建设为特征的2.0模式已不能适应新形势下生态文明建设的要求,必然向以生态修复和多产业融合发展的3.0模式演化。地质修复3.0模式旨在构建一套完整的生态产业体系,最大限度地提供优质生态产品,其主要特征是跨界创新。宏观目标、中观目标与微观目标共同构成了3.0模式的目标体系,顶层设计、绿色生态、精准匹配、利益共享是其运行的主要原则。地质修复3.0模式实现了政府、企业、社区的三赢格局,是矿山生态修复的重要发展趋势。
Under the guidance of green development, the ideas and modes of comprehensive utilization of mining resources need to be reformed and upgraded. Under the perspective of "big geology", the geological restoration 1.0, characterized by "reclaiming and greening anew", and the model 2.0, characterized by the construction of ecotourism areas, can no longer meet the requirements of the construction of ecological civilization under the new situation. It must evolve to the model 3.0 based on ecological restorations, and integration and development of multi-industry. Geological restoration 3.0 aims to construct a complete ecological industrial system and to provide ecological products of high quality to the maximum extent. The main feature of this model is cross-border innovation. The macro goal, mesoscopic goal and micro goal constitute the target systems of model 3.0: top-level design, green ecology, accurate matching and benefit sharing are the main principles of its operation. Geological restoration 3.0 has realized the three-win pattern of government, enterprises and communities, which is an important development trend of mining ecological restoration.
Under the guidance of green development, the ideas and modes of comprehensive utilization of mining resources need to be reformed and upgraded. Under the perspective of "big geology", the geological restoration 1.0, characterized by "reclaiming and greening anew", and the model 2.0, characterized by the construction of ecotourism areas, can no longer meet the requirements of the construction of ecological civilization under the new situation. It must evolve to the model 3.0 based on ecological restorations, and integration and development of multi-industry. Geological restoration 3.0 aims to construct a complete ecological industrial system and to provide ecological products of high quality to the maximum extent. The main feature of this model is cross-border innovation. The macro goal, mesoscopic goal and micro goal constitute the target systems of model 3.0: top-level design, green ecology, accurate matching and benefit sharing are the main principles of its operation. Geological restoration 3.0 has realized the three-win pattern of government, enterprises and communities, which is an important development trend of mining ecological restoration.
引文
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[20] 开创美丽中国建设新局面[N].人民日报,2018-05-21(01).
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[3] 彭齐鸣.绿色发展让传统矿业迈上新征程[N].光明日报,2018-07-28(09).
[4] 中共中央、国务院关于开展质量提升行动的指导意见[EB/OL].[2018-08-14].http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/2017-09/12/content_5224580.htm.
[5] 我国将大力开展矿山地质环境恢复和治理工作[EB/OL].[2018-08-14].http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2017-06/23/content_5204997.htm.
[6] 高林.对“生态恢复理论与实践”的几点认识[C]//2013年全国生产矿山提高资源保障与利用及深部找矿成果交流会论文集,2013:134-142.
[7] 高吉喜.矿山生态修复,复的是什么?[J].环境经济,2014(11):32.
[8] 彭少麟.恢复生态学与植被重建[J].生态科学,1996(2):26-31.
[9] 章家恩,徐琪.生态退化研究的基本内容与框架[J].水土保持通报,1997(6):46-53.
[10] 焦居仁.生态修复的要点与思考[J].中国水土保持,2003(2):1-2.
[11] 李晓娜.矿山修复技术魅力几何[N].中国矿业报,2018-04-25(04).
[12] 刘晓慧.绿色矿山,生态文明建设的关键一环[N].中国矿业报,2017-08-26(A2).
[13] 成金华,朱永光.着力解决长江经济带矿产资源开发的生态环境问题[N].中国环境报,2018-08-03(03).
[14] 奥德姆.系统生态学[M].蒋有绪,等译.北京:科学出版社,1993.
[15] 马世骏.生态工程——生态系统原理的应用[J].生态学杂志,1983(4):20-22.
[16] 于润沧.构建生态矿业工程是建设绿色矿山的迫切要求[N].中国矿业报,2018-07-17(01).
[17] 朱训.关于发展绿色矿业的几个问题[J].中国矿业,2013(10):1-6.
[18] 朱训.朱训矿业文集[M].北京:中国大地出版社,2012:265.
[19] 王干.以系统思维推进生态文明建设[N].人民日报,2018-02-09(07).
[20] 开创美丽中国建设新局面[N].人民日报,2018-05-21(01).