油菜秸秆腐解对自然水体的影响研究
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摘要
为探究农田废弃物弃置水体对水环境质量的影响,对油菜秸秆在水中的腐解过程进行了实验研究。通过测量pH、DO、COD、氨氮、硝氮、总磷等水质指标来动态监测水质的变化。结果表明:DO含量初始为2mg/L,水体迅速转换为厌氧状态并保持稳定,35d后水体DO恢复至2~3 mg/L;水体中的COD含量在第3d达到最大值25mg/L,然后迅速下降,此后保持在15 mg/L左右;NH+4-N则在实验过程中缓慢增加,并在35d后维持在较高水平即10mg/L,而NO_3~--N、NO_2~--N含量较低,NO_3~--N含量为0.13mg/L,NO_2~--N含量为0.02 mg/L,TP含量则呈逐渐增加的趋势。油菜秸秆腐解的过程是厌氧腐解过程,此过程中各指标发生关联性的变化。随着时间的增长,水体由黑臭逐渐变清澈,说明水体具有一定的自净能力。
In order to explore the effect of farmland waste disposal on water environment quality,experiment was conducted to study the decomposition process of rape straw in water.Through the measurement of p H,DO,COD,ammonia nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,total phosphorus and other water quality indicators to dynamically monitor the changes of water quality.The results showed that the p H changed little during the whole experimental period and remained in the range of 6.5 to 7.5.The initial DO concentration was 2 mg/L.The water quickly converted to anaerobic state and remained stable.After 35 days,the DO recovered to 2 to 3 mg/L;The COD concentration in water reached the maximum value of 25 mg/L on the 3 rd day,then decreased rapidly,and then remained at about 15 mg/L.NH+4-N concentration increased slowly during the experiment,after 35 days,it maintained at a relatively high level of 10 mg/L,while NO_3~--N,NO_2~--N concentrations were low,NO_3~--N concentration was 0.13 mg/L,and NO_2~--N concentration was 0.02 mg/L.The TP concentration showed a gradually increasing trend.The process of rape straw decomposition is anaerobic decomposition process,and during this process,the correlation between the indicators changes.As time grows,the water body gradually changed from black and odor to clear and clean,indicating that the water body has certain degree of self-purification.
In order to explore the effect of farmland waste disposal on water environment quality,experiment was conducted to study the decomposition process of rape straw in water.Through the measurement of p H,DO,COD,ammonia nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,total phosphorus and other water quality indicators to dynamically monitor the changes of water quality.The results showed that the p H changed little during the whole experimental period and remained in the range of 6.5 to 7.5.The initial DO concentration was 2 mg/L.The water quickly converted to anaerobic state and remained stable.After 35 days,the DO recovered to 2 to 3 mg/L;The COD concentration in water reached the maximum value of 25 mg/L on the 3 rd day,then decreased rapidly,and then remained at about 15 mg/L.NH+4-N concentration increased slowly during the experiment,after 35 days,it maintained at a relatively high level of 10 mg/L,while NO_3~--N,NO_2~--N concentrations were low,NO_3~--N concentration was 0.13 mg/L,and NO_2~--N concentration was 0.02 mg/L.The TP concentration showed a gradually increasing trend.The process of rape straw decomposition is anaerobic decomposition process,and during this process,the correlation between the indicators changes.As time grows,the water body gradually changed from black and odor to clear and clean,indicating that the water body has certain degree of self-purification.
引文
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[2]严群芳,张世其,蔡秀萍,等.农作物副产品用作废水处理固体碳源[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(9):462-464.
[3]王磊,张乃明,杨育华,等.滇池流域花卉蔬菜废弃物对湖泊水质影响的模拟研究[J].环境科学导刊,2010,29(4):42-45.
[4]李乐乐,张卫民,何江涛,等.玉米秸秆碳源释放特征及反硝化效果[J].环境工程学报,2015,9(1):113-118.
[5]张雯,张亚平,尹琳,等.以10种农业废弃物为基料的地下水反硝化碳源属性的实验研究[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(5):1787-1797.
[6]唐金艳,曹培培,徐驰,等.水生植物腐烂分解对水质的影响[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(1):83-89.
[7]曹勋,韩睿明,章婷曦,等.冬季水生植物分解过程及其对水质的影响研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2015,34(2):361-369.
[8]邓嫔,刘威,李小明,等.p H、ORP监控在亚硝酸型生物脱氮过程中的应用[J].环境科学与技术,2007,(3):97-99,121.
[9]藕翔,崔康平,汤海燕,等.不同水环境下苦草腐解对水质的影响[J]环境科学研究,2017,30(10):1553-1560.
[10]杨洪芳.上海城区水体黑臭主要影响因子及治理案例比较研究[D].上海:上海师范大学,2007.
[11]俞欣,陈天安.河道黑臭污染简易评价方法研究[J].环境科学与管理,2015,40(3):176-179.
[12]Ingrid Brettar,José-Miguel Sanchez-Perez,Michèle Trémolières,Nitrate elimination by denitrification in hardwood forest soils of the Upper Rhine floodplain–correlation with redox potential and organic matter[J].Hydrobiologia,2002,469(1-3):11-21.
[13]邵留,徐祖信,金伟,等.以稻草为碳源和生物膜载体去除水中的硝酸盐[J].环境科学,2009,30(5):1414-1419.
[14]葛士建,王淑莹,杨岸明,等.反硝化过程中亚硝酸盐积累特性分析[J].土木建筑与环境工程,2011,33(1):140-146.
[15]Jun-jun Chang,Yi-Feng Lu,Jin-quan Chen,Xiao-yun Wang,Tong Luo,Hu Liu,Simultaneous removals of nitrate and sulfate and the adverse effects of gravel-based biofilters with flower straws added as exogenous carbon source[J].In Ecological Engineering,2016,(95):189-197.
[16]D.Das,P,Bhattacharyyab,B.C,Bioconversion and biodynamics of Eisenia foetida in different organic wastes through microbially enriched vermiconversion technologgies[J].Ecological Engineering,2016,(86):154-161.
[17]XIE Yonghong,YU Dan,REN Bo.Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus availability on the decomposition of aquatic plants[J].Aquatic Botany,2004,80:29-37.