基于较详细机理的氢燃料内燃机排放特性研究
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摘要
基于Converge软件建立了包含简化化学反应机理的氢燃料内燃机CFD仿真模型,研究了氢燃料内燃机缸内燃烧和NO生成机理。仿真结果表明,氢燃料内燃机缸内燃烧经历了椭球型火焰稳定传播和快速湍流燃烧两个阶段。氢气的燃烧非常迅速,在快速湍流燃烧结束时OH浓度迅速降低,出现温度和NO质量峰值,其后缸内温度逐渐降低,NO质量逐步减小。最终的排放取决于高温区域的峰值温度和NO分解时间。最高温度越高NO的质量峰值越大,降温越快则NO分解越少。采用EGR能降低最高缸内温度,低转速时NO分解充分,因而NO的排放较低。
The CFD simulation model of a hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engine(HICE) including the simplified chemical reaction mechanism was established based on Converge software and the in-cylinder combustion progress and NO generation characteristics of HICE were studied. The simulation results show that the in-cylinder combustion progress is composed of ellipsoid flame stable propagation and rapid turbulent combustion in turn. Due to the very rapid combustion of hydrogen, the OH concentration decreases rapidly at the end of turbulent combustion and the temperature and NO mass reach the peak, then the in-cylinder temperature and NO mass decrease gradually. The final emission depends on the peak temperature and NO decomposition time in the high-temperature area. The peak of NO mass increases with the increase of peak temperature and the NO decomposes less due to faster temperature decrease. The maximum in-cylinder temperature becomes lower by using exhaust gas recirculation(EGR) and NO decomposes completely at low speed, which leads to lower NO emissions.
The CFD simulation model of a hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engine(HICE) including the simplified chemical reaction mechanism was established based on Converge software and the in-cylinder combustion progress and NO generation characteristics of HICE were studied. The simulation results show that the in-cylinder combustion progress is composed of ellipsoid flame stable propagation and rapid turbulent combustion in turn. Due to the very rapid combustion of hydrogen, the OH concentration decreases rapidly at the end of turbulent combustion and the temperature and NO mass reach the peak, then the in-cylinder temperature and NO mass decrease gradually. The final emission depends on the peak temperature and NO decomposition time in the high-temperature area. The peak of NO mass increases with the increase of peak temperature and the NO decomposes less due to faster temperature decrease. The maximum in-cylinder temperature becomes lower by using exhaust gas recirculation(EGR) and NO decomposes completely at low speed, which leads to lower NO emissions.
引文
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[20] Duan J,Liu F,Yang Z,et al.Study on the NOx emissions mechanism of an HICE under high load[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2017,42(34):22027-22035.
[21] Kosmadakis,Rakopoulos G M,Rakopoulos D C.Constantine.Methane/hydrogen fueling a spark-ignition engine for studying NO,CO and HC emissions with a research CFD code[J].Fuel,2016,185:903-915.
[2] Yao Fei,JiaYuan,Mao Zongqiang.The cost analysis of hydrogen life cycle in China[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2010,35:2727-2731.
[3] William F Stockhausen,Robert J Natkin,Daniel M Kabat,et al.Ford Hydrogen Engine Powered P2000 Vehicle[C] .SAE Paper 2002-01-0243.
[4] Gerrit Kiesgen,Manfred Klüting,Christian Bock.The New 12-Cylinder Hydrogen Engine in the 7 Series:The H2 ICE Age Has Begun[C].SAE Paper 2006-01-0431.
[5] He Ming,Jia Zqian,Liu Fushui.Development prospect of hydrogen engine vehicles in China[C].International Conference on Wireless Communications,Networking and Mobile Computing.[S.l.]:WiCOM,2008.
[6] 杨振中.氢燃料内燃机燃烧与优化控制[D].杭州:浙江大学,2001.
[7] Verhelst S.A Study of the Combustion in Hydrogen fuelled Internal Combustion Engines[D].Ghent:Ghent University,2005.
[8] Sun Bai-gang,Duan Jun-fa,Liu Fu-shui.NOx emission characteristics of hydrogen internal combustion engine[J].Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology,2014,23(3):339-344.
[9] 马凡华,刘海全,李勇,等.氢燃料内燃机缸内燃烧特性[J].内燃机工程,2008(29):29-33.
[10] Verhelst S,Wallner T.Hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engines[J].Prog Energ Combust Sci,2009,35:490-527.
[11] 孙柏刚,赵建辉,赵陆明,等.氢燃料内燃机NOx排放特性的试验研究[J].内燃机工程,2011,33(2):53-56.
[12] Kosmadakis G M,Rakopoulos C D,Verhelst S,et al.CFD modeling and experimental study of combustion and nitric oxide emissions in hydrogen-fueled spark-ignition engine operating in a very wide range of EGR rates[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2013(37):10917-10934.
[13] Verhelst S,Vancoillie J,Naganuma K,et al.Setting a best practice for determining the EGR rate in hydrogen internal combustion engines[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2013(38):2490-2503.
[14] Sun Dawei,Liu Fushui.Research on the performance and emission of a port fuel injection hydrogen internal combustion engine[C].International Conference on Computer Distributed Control and Intelligent Environmental Monitoring.[S.l.]:[s.n.],2011:963-966.
[15] Duan Junfa,Liu Fushui,Sun Baigang.An experimental study on the NOx emission characteristics of PFI hydrogen internal combustion engine[J].Automotive Engineering,2014,36(10):1175-1179.
[16] 段俊法,刘福水,孙柏刚.PFI 氢内燃机的氢-空气混合特性[J].车用发动机,2014(3):29-32.
[17] Das L M.Hydrogen engine:research and development (R&D) programmers in Indian Institute of Technology (IIT),Delhi[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2002,27:953-965.
[18] Benkenida A,Colin O,Jay S,et al.Adaptation of the ECFM combustion model to hydrogen internal combustion engines[C].1st international symposium on hydrogen internal combustion engines.Graz:[s.n.],2006:195-206.
[19] Str?hle Jochen,Myhrvold Tore.An evaluation of detailed reaction mechanisms for hydrogen combustion under gas turbine conditions[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2007,32:953-965.
[20] Duan J,Liu F,Yang Z,et al.Study on the NOx emissions mechanism of an HICE under high load[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2017,42(34):22027-22035.
[21] Kosmadakis,Rakopoulos G M,Rakopoulos D C.Constantine.Methane/hydrogen fueling a spark-ignition engine for studying NO,CO and HC emissions with a research CFD code[J].Fuel,2016,185:903-915.