575例视力残疾鉴定的临床分析
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摘要
目的分析视力残疾患者的患病率及致盲原因,探讨临床防盲的重点,降低其发生率。方法由经过残疾鉴定培训的高年资眼科主治医师进行眼科检查和综合分析,明确病因和诊断,确定视力残疾等级。结果共确定视力残疾575人,男性317人,女性258人,其中低视力349人(60.70%),盲226人(39.30%)。男性低视力、盲的患病率高于女性(P<0.05)。视力残疾的病因依次为病理性近视110人(19.13%)、糖尿病视网膜病变97人(16.87%)、白内障89人(15.48%)、青光眼58人(10.09%)。年龄>60岁人群视力残疾的患病率明显增高,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论视网膜的疾病对视功能的损害非常严重,应该加强早期防治。高龄也是视功能受损的危险因素,定期对>60岁人群进行眼科疾病的筛查和干预,有利于保护视功能,降低盲的发生率。
Objective To analyze the prevalence and etiology of patients with visual disability,and explore the emphasis of blindness prevention in order to reduce the incidence rate of blindness.Methods The ophthalmologic examination and clinical analysis were carried out by senior ophthalmologists who had been trained for the causes identification,the diagnosis and the disability level confirmation.Results There were 575 people with visual disability,317 were men and 258 were women.And 349(60.70%)were low vision,226(39.30%)were blind.The incidence rates of low vision and blindness in men were higher than those in women(P<0.05).The main etiologies of blindness and low vision were pathological myopia(110,19.13%),diabetic retinopathy(97,16.87%),cataract(89,15.48%)and glaucoma(58,10.09%)in turn.The prevalence of blindness and low vision increased in people aged>60 years,and the differences was significantly different(P<0.05).Conclusion Diseases of the retina are very serious to visual function and should be prevented early.Old age is also a risk factor for vision impairment.Regular screening and intervention of eye diseases for people aged>60 years is conducive to protecting visual function and reducing the incidence of blindness.
Objective To analyze the prevalence and etiology of patients with visual disability,and explore the emphasis of blindness prevention in order to reduce the incidence rate of blindness.Methods The ophthalmologic examination and clinical analysis were carried out by senior ophthalmologists who had been trained for the causes identification,the diagnosis and the disability level confirmation.Results There were 575 people with visual disability,317 were men and 258 were women.And 349(60.70%)were low vision,226(39.30%)were blind.The incidence rates of low vision and blindness in men were higher than those in women(P<0.05).The main etiologies of blindness and low vision were pathological myopia(110,19.13%),diabetic retinopathy(97,16.87%),cataract(89,15.48%)and glaucoma(58,10.09%)in turn.The prevalence of blindness and low vision increased in people aged>60 years,and the differences was significantly different(P<0.05).Conclusion Diseases of the retina are very serious to visual function and should be prevented early.Old age is also a risk factor for vision impairment.Regular screening and intervention of eye diseases for people aged>60 years is conducive to protecting visual function and reducing the incidence of blindness.
引文
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[16]孙炜,于佳明,尚琢,等.辽宁省农村地区50岁以上人群致盲眼病调查与分析[J].中国医科大学学报,2014,43(8):706-709
[17]赵家良.我国防盲致盲工作的现况和发展方向[J].中华医学杂志,2007,87(14):939-941
[18]尹江波.我国低视力的研究现状与康复展望[J].中国卫生产业,2017,33(18):191-192
[2]赵家良.我国防盲致盲工作仍然任重而道远[J].中华眼科杂志,2012,48(3):193-195
[3] Moisseiev E,Mannis MJ.Evaluation of a portable artificial vision device among patients with low vision[J].JAMA Ophthalmol,2016,134(7):748-750
[4]祝芸芸,王恒,左炜,等.盲和低视力患者生存质量与自我效能和健康状况的关系[J].国际眼科杂志,2016,16(9):1780-1782
[5] Pascolini D,Mariotti SP.Global estimates of visual impairment:2010[J].Br J Ophthalmol,2012,96(5):614-618
[6]赵家良.在新形势下继续推进我国的防盲致盲工作[J].中华眼科杂志,2011,47(9):769-772
[7]杨圆圆,赵文军,张永康.西安市雁塔区残疾人致盲和低视力原因分析[J].国际眼科杂志,2017,17(4):737-739
[8]张璇,肖琛嫦,陈功,等.武汉市成年居民糖尿病患病现状及危险因素分析[J].中国公共卫生,2015,31(12):1594-1596
[9]王福影,蒋丽娟,熊亚晴.社区医务人员糖尿病管理水平培训效果研究[J].齐齐哈尔医学院学报,2016,37(27):3439-3440
[10]LIN CW,HO TC,YANG CM.The development and evolution of full thickness macular hole in highly myopic eyes[J].Eye(Lond),2015,29(3):388-396
[11]Young TL,Metlapally R,Shay AE.Complex trait genetics of refractive error[J].Arch Ophthalmol,2007,125(1):38-48
[12]Yu SM,Diao HX,Zeng JW.Analysis of the Prevalence and Situation of Myopia in Adolescents from South China[J].Eye Sci,2015,30(2):53-55,74
[13]陈大复,于琨瑛,曹勤水.当前全球低视力和盲流行病学特点分析[J].中国当代医药,2014,21(29):190-192
[14]Seland JH,Vingerling JR,Augood CA,etal.Visual Impairment and guality of life in the older European population,the EUREYE study[J].Acta Ophthalmol,2011,89(7):608-613
[15]徐青,韩毳,侯宝杰,等.社区50岁以上人群眼病筛查必要性及方法探讨[J].中国全科医学,2014,23(17):2776-2779
[16]孙炜,于佳明,尚琢,等.辽宁省农村地区50岁以上人群致盲眼病调查与分析[J].中国医科大学学报,2014,43(8):706-709
[17]赵家良.我国防盲致盲工作的现况和发展方向[J].中华医学杂志,2007,87(14):939-941
[18]尹江波.我国低视力的研究现状与康复展望[J].中国卫生产业,2017,33(18):191-192