含锑难处理金矿选择性脱除锑
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摘要
为了消除锑对难处理金矿提取金过程的不利影响,提出用硫化钠浸出方法预先从含锑难处理金矿中选择性脱除锑,考察各因素对锑浸出率的影响,查明最优浸出条件下金和砷的浸出率。研究结果表明:硫化钠过量系数、氢氧化钠质量浓度、温度、液固比和洗水比等因素的增加均有利于提高锑的浸出率,但是延长反应时间和增大搅拌速度会使锑浸出率略降低,增大洗水比至4.0可以将浸出渣中锑质量分数降低至0.04%。含锑难处理金矿硫化钠浸出在最优条件下,锑的浸出率可以达到96.64%,金和砷的浸出率分别为1.44%和0.41%。浸出液静置后析出的黑色沉淀为Na2Fe S2,S和Fe S2的混合物,说明会有少量Fe S2矿物首先溶解然后从溶液中沉淀出来。
In order to avoid the negative influence of antimony on the cyanide process, the method of sodium sulfide leaching was proposed to selective remove antimony from refractory gold ores. The key factors influencing the leaching ratio of antimony were investigated, and these leaching ratios of gold and arsenic were also studied under the optimum condition. The results show that the excess coefficient of Na2 S, Na OH mass concentration, temperature, liquid-to-solid ratio and washing water ratio benefit the leaching ratio of antimony. But the leaching ratio of antimony decreases with the increase of reaction time and enhancing stirring speed. Antimony mass fraction in the leach residue can be decreased to 0.04% by increasing washing water ratio to 4.0. Under the optimum condition, the leaching ratio of antimony reaches 96.64%, but those of gold and arsenic are only 1.44% and 0.41%, respectively. XRD analysis reveals that black mixture precipitated from the leach solution is composed of Na2 Fe S2, S and Fe S2, indicating that less Fe S2 first dissolves during leaching and then precipitates from the solution.
In order to avoid the negative influence of antimony on the cyanide process, the method of sodium sulfide leaching was proposed to selective remove antimony from refractory gold ores. The key factors influencing the leaching ratio of antimony were investigated, and these leaching ratios of gold and arsenic were also studied under the optimum condition. The results show that the excess coefficient of Na2 S, Na OH mass concentration, temperature, liquid-to-solid ratio and washing water ratio benefit the leaching ratio of antimony. But the leaching ratio of antimony decreases with the increase of reaction time and enhancing stirring speed. Antimony mass fraction in the leach residue can be decreased to 0.04% by increasing washing water ratio to 4.0. Under the optimum condition, the leaching ratio of antimony reaches 96.64%, but those of gold and arsenic are only 1.44% and 0.41%, respectively. XRD analysis reveals that black mixture precipitated from the leach solution is composed of Na2 Fe S2, S and Fe S2, indicating that less Fe S2 first dissolves during leaching and then precipitates from the solution.
引文
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[15]CURRELI L,GARBARINO C,GHIANI G,et al.Arsenic leaching from a gold bearing enargite flotation concentrate[J].Hydrometallurgy,2009,96(3):258-263.
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[18]徐忠敏,叶树峰,庄宇凯.含锑难处理金精矿加压氧化法制备焦锑酸钠的工艺研究[J].黄金,2013,34(11):48-52.XU Zhongmin,YE Shufeng,ZHUANG Yukai.Process research on making sodium pyroantimonate from antimony-containing refractory gold concentrates using pressure oxidation method[J].Gold,2013,34(11):48-52.
[19]ZHAO Tiancong.Metallurgy of antimony[M].Changsha:Central South University of Technology Press,1987:358-462.
[20]赵瑞荣,石西昌.锑冶金物理化学[M].长沙:中南大学出版社,2003:242-266.ZHAO Ruirong,SHI Xichang.physical chemistry of antimony metallurgy[M].Changsha:Central South University of Technology Press,2003:242-266.
[21]雷霆,朱从杰,张汉平.锑冶金[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2009:277-282.LEI Ting,ZHU Congjie,ZHANG Hanping.Metallurgy of antimony[M].Beijing:Metallurgy Industry Press,2009:277-282.
[22]ZHANG Duchao,XIAO Qingkai,LIU Weifeng,et al.Pressure oxidation of sodium thioantimonite solution to prepare sodium pyroantimonate[J].Hydrometallurgy,2015,151:91-97.
[23]YANG Tianzu,LAI Qionglin,TANG Jianjun,et al.Precipitation of antimony from the solution of sodium thioantimonite by air oxidation in the presence of catalytic agents[J].Journal of Central South University of Technology,2002,9(2):107-111.
[2]杨天足.贵金属冶金及产品深加工[M].长沙:中南大学出版社,2005:210-248.YANG Tianzu.Metallurgy and product of precious metals[M].Changsha:Central South University Press,2005:210-248.
[3]DUNN J G,CHAMBERLAIN A C.The recovery of gold from refractory arsenopyrite concentrates by pyrolysis-oxidation[J].Minerals Engineering,1997,10(9):919-928.
[4]GUDYANGA F P,MAHLANGU T,ROMAN R J,et al.An acidic pressure oxidation pre-treatment of refractory gold concentrates from the Kwe Kwe roasting plant,Zimbabwe[J].Minerals Engineering,1999,12(8):863-875.
[5]HOL A,WEIJDEN R D,WEERT G V,et al.The effect of anaerobic processes on the leachability of an arsenopyrit refractory ore[J].Minerals Engineering,2011,24:535-540.
[6]LIU J,CHI Z,LIANG J,et al.Selective arsenic-fixing roast of refractory gold concentrate[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B,2000,31:1163-168.
[7]AMANKWAH P K,PICKLES C A.Microwave roasting of a carbonaceous sulphidic gold concentrate[J].Minerals Engineering.2009,22:1095-1101.
[8]SABA M,MOHAMADYOUSEFI A,RASHI F,et al.Diagnostic pretreatment procedure for simultaneous cyanide leaching of gold and silver from a refractory gold silver ore[J].Minerals Engineering,2011,24:1703-1709.
[9]GAO G L,LI D X,ZHOU Y,et al.Kinetics of high-sulfur and high-arsenic refractory gold concentrate oxidation by dilute nitric acid under mild conditions[J].Minerals Engineering,2009,22:111-115.
[10]聂树人,索有瑞.难选冶金矿石浸金[M].北京:地质出版社,1997:20-48.NIE Shuren,SUO Yourui.Leaching of gold from refractory gold ore[M].Beijing:Geology Press,1997:20-48.
[11]金世斌,马金瑞,邢志军,等.锑对难处理金矿石(金精矿)焙烧-氰化浸金的影响[J].黄金,2009,30(2):121-128.JIN Shibin,MA Jinrui,XING Zhijun,et al.Influence of antimony on refractory gold ore roasting and cyanide leaching[J].Gold,2009,30(2):121-128.
[12]崔日成,杨洪英,富瑶,等.不同含砷类型金矿的细菌氧化-氰化浸出[J].中国有色金属学报,2011,21(3):694-699.CUI Richeng,YANG Hongying,FU Yao,et al.Biooxidation-cyanidation leaching of gold concentrates with different arsenic types[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2011,21(3):694-699.
[13]UBADINI S,VEGLIO F,FORNARI P,et al.Process of flow-sheet for gold and antimony recovery from stibnite[J].Hydrometallurgy,2000,57(5/6):187-199.
[14]YANG Tianzu,JIANG Mingxi,LAI Qionglin,et al.Sodium sulfide leaching of low-grade jamesonite concentrates in production of sodium pyroantimoniate[J].Journal of Central South University Technology,2005,12(3):290-294.
[15]CURRELI L,GARBARINO C,GHIANI G,et al.Arsenic leaching from a gold bearing enargite flotation concentrate[J].Hydrometallurgy,2009,96(3):258-263.
[16]CELEP O,ALP I,DEVECI H.Improved gold and silver extraction from a refractory antimony ore by pretreatment with alkaline sulphide leach[J].Hydrometallurgy,2011,105(3):234-239.
[17]靳冉公,王云,李云,等.碱性硫化钠浸出含锑金精矿过程中金锑行为[J].有色金属,2014(7):38-41.JIN Rangong,WANG yun,LI yun,et al.Behavior of gold and antimony during leaching of Sb-bearing gold concentrate with sodium sulfide[J].Nonferrous Metals(Metallurgy Part),2014(7):38-41.
[18]徐忠敏,叶树峰,庄宇凯.含锑难处理金精矿加压氧化法制备焦锑酸钠的工艺研究[J].黄金,2013,34(11):48-52.XU Zhongmin,YE Shufeng,ZHUANG Yukai.Process research on making sodium pyroantimonate from antimony-containing refractory gold concentrates using pressure oxidation method[J].Gold,2013,34(11):48-52.
[19]ZHAO Tiancong.Metallurgy of antimony[M].Changsha:Central South University of Technology Press,1987:358-462.
[20]赵瑞荣,石西昌.锑冶金物理化学[M].长沙:中南大学出版社,2003:242-266.ZHAO Ruirong,SHI Xichang.physical chemistry of antimony metallurgy[M].Changsha:Central South University of Technology Press,2003:242-266.
[21]雷霆,朱从杰,张汉平.锑冶金[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2009:277-282.LEI Ting,ZHU Congjie,ZHANG Hanping.Metallurgy of antimony[M].Beijing:Metallurgy Industry Press,2009:277-282.
[22]ZHANG Duchao,XIAO Qingkai,LIU Weifeng,et al.Pressure oxidation of sodium thioantimonite solution to prepare sodium pyroantimonate[J].Hydrometallurgy,2015,151:91-97.
[23]YANG Tianzu,LAI Qionglin,TANG Jianjun,et al.Precipitation of antimony from the solution of sodium thioantimonite by air oxidation in the presence of catalytic agents[J].Journal of Central South University of Technology,2002,9(2):107-111.