健康烟田与易感黑胫病烟田烟株不同生长时期根际土壤微生物区系变化规律
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摘要
为控制烟草黑胫病的发生,研究了健康烟田与易感病烟田烟株生长过程中根际土壤微生物区系的变化。通过对根际土壤中可培养微生物数量的检测和土壤宏基因组测序,分析烟田根际土壤在烟株生长过程中微生物数量、群落结构及其多样性的变化。结果表明,在烟株生长过程中根际土壤可培养微生物数量先增加后减少,旺长期达到最大值,且健康烟田根际土壤中可培养细菌和放线菌数量大于易感病烟田,成熟期易感病烟田中可培养真菌数量显著高于健康烟田。土壤宏基因组测序结果表明,在烟株整个生长过程中微生物多样性逐渐降低,且健康烟田细菌多样性大于易感病烟田,成熟期健康与易感病烟田根际土壤微生物群落结构差异性较大,易感病烟田根际土壤中病原菌丰度随烟株生长迅速增加,成熟期病原菌占60.43%,发病率为60%,健康烟田根际土壤病原菌丰度仅为0.32%,发病率为0.4%。由此可以看出,土壤微生物群落结构改变、多样性降低、病原菌增加,是造成烟草黑胫病发生的主要原因。
In order to control the occurrence of tobacco black shank,the changes of rhizosphere soil microbial flora during the growth of tobacco in healthy fields and susceptible fields were studied. The changes of microbial quantity,community structure and its diversity in the rhizosphere soil of tobacco fields were analyzed by detection of the number of culturable microorganisms in the rhizosphere soil and sequencing of the macro genome. The results showed that the number of cultivable microbes in the rhizosphere soil increased first and then decreased,reaching the maximum in the vigorous growing stage.The number of culturable bacteria and actinomycetes in the rhizosphere soil of healthy tobacco fields was higher than that in susceptible tobacco fields,while the number of fungi in susceptible tobacco fields was significantly higher than that in healthy tobacco fields in the mature period. The results of soil macro genome sequencing showed that the microbial diversity gradually decreased during the growth of tobacco,the diversity of soil bacteria in healthy tobacco fields was higher than that in susceptible tobacco fields,and the microbial community structure of rhizosphere soil was significantly different in healthy tobaccofields and susceptible tobacco fields in the mature period. The proportion of pathogen in the rhizosphere soil of susceptible tobacco fields increased rapidly with the growth of tobacco plant,reaching 60. 43% in the mature period,with the incidence rate of 60%,while the proportion of soil pathogen in healthy tobacco fields was only 0. 32%,with the incidence rate of 0. 4%. It can be seen that the change of soil microbial community structure,the decrease of diversity and the increase of pathogen are the main causes of tobacco black shank.
In order to control the occurrence of tobacco black shank,the changes of rhizosphere soil microbial flora during the growth of tobacco in healthy fields and susceptible fields were studied. The changes of microbial quantity,community structure and its diversity in the rhizosphere soil of tobacco fields were analyzed by detection of the number of culturable microorganisms in the rhizosphere soil and sequencing of the macro genome. The results showed that the number of cultivable microbes in the rhizosphere soil increased first and then decreased,reaching the maximum in the vigorous growing stage.The number of culturable bacteria and actinomycetes in the rhizosphere soil of healthy tobacco fields was higher than that in susceptible tobacco fields,while the number of fungi in susceptible tobacco fields was significantly higher than that in healthy tobacco fields in the mature period. The results of soil macro genome sequencing showed that the microbial diversity gradually decreased during the growth of tobacco,the diversity of soil bacteria in healthy tobacco fields was higher than that in susceptible tobacco fields,and the microbial community structure of rhizosphere soil was significantly different in healthy tobaccofields and susceptible tobacco fields in the mature period. The proportion of pathogen in the rhizosphere soil of susceptible tobacco fields increased rapidly with the growth of tobacco plant,reaching 60. 43% in the mature period,with the incidence rate of 60%,while the proportion of soil pathogen in healthy tobacco fields was only 0. 32%,with the incidence rate of 0. 4%. It can be seen that the change of soil microbial community structure,the decrease of diversity and the increase of pathogen are the main causes of tobacco black shank.
引文
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[22]崔金香,王帅.土壤微生物多样性研究进展[J].河南农业科学,2010(6):165-169.
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[2]曹明慧,冉炜,杨兴明,等.烟草黑胫病拮抗菌的筛选及其生物效应[J].土壤学报,2011,48(1):151-159.
[3]平文丽,李雪君,朱景伟,等.烤烟黑胫病的防治策略研究进展[J].河南农业科学,2013,42(5):12-16.
[4]张明艳,张继光,申国明,等.烟田土壤微生物群落结构及功能微生物的研究现状与展望[J].中国农业科技导报,2014,16(5):115-122.
[5]何凯,石纹豪,李振轮.生物有机肥防治植物土传病害研究进展[J].河南农业科学,2014,43(6):1-5.
[6]苏宝玲,王建国.根际微域研究中土样采集方法的研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2000,11(3):477-480.
[7]黄秀梨.微生物学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.
[8]常安然,李佳,张耸,等.基于宏基因组学16S r DNA测序对烟草根际土壤细菌群落组成分析[J].中国农业科技导报,2017,19(2):43-50.
[9]李佳,吕鹏辉,张文静,等.易感病烟田中土壤微生物与酶活性变化的研究[J].江西农业学报,2016,28(5):36-39.
[10]张友杰,刘国顺,叶协锋,等.烤烟不同生育期土壤酶及微生物活性的变化[J].土壤,2010,42(1):39-44.
[11]殷全玉,王岩,赵铭钦,等.我国植烟土壤微生物研究进展[J].中国烟草科学,2009,30(1):73-77.
[12]韩富根,宋鹏飞,董祥洲,等.延边烟区不同土壤的根际土壤微生物生态效应研究[J].土壤,2010,42(1):33-38.
[13]薛超,黄启为,凌宁,等.连作土壤微生物区系分析、调控及高通量研究方法[J].土壤学报,2011,48(3):612-618.
[14]何川,刘国顺,蒋士君.连作对植烟土壤微生物群落多样性的影响[J].江西农业大学学报,2012,34(4):658-663.
[15]王淑玉.不同地区烟株根际土壤微生态变化分析[D].郑州:郑州大学,2015.
[16]Ma J,Xu L,Jia L.Degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by Pseudomonas sp.JM2 isolated from active sewage sludge of chemical plant[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2012,24(12):2141-2148.
[17]马国胜,高智谋.烟草黑胫病菌培养性状的研究[J].中国农业科学,2007,40(3):512-517.
[18]Harris A R,Ferris H.Interactions between Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.tracheiphilum and Meloidogyne spp.in Vigna unguiculata.3.Pathogenesis by F.o.tracheiphilum as affected by M.javanica and host cultivar[J].Plant Pathology,2010,40(3):465-475.
[19]邓慧颖.两种高等真菌及一种内生真菌化学成分及生物活性研究[D].保定:河北大学,2011.
[20]周宝利,孙传齐,韩琳,等.邻苯二甲酸二丁酯对茄子根际土壤黄萎菌数量及土壤微生物组成的影响[J].华北农学报,2010,25(6):150-153.
[21]李阜棣.土壤微生物学[M].北京:农业出版社,1996.
[22]崔金香,王帅.土壤微生物多样性研究进展[J].河南农业科学,2010(6):165-169.
[23]Bashan Y,de-Bashan L E,Prabhu S R,et al.Advances in plant growth-promoting bacterial inoculant technology:Formulations and practical perspectives(1998—2013)[J].Plant&Soil,2014,378(1/2):1-33.