深部松软煤层瓦斯抽采钻孔钻护一体化技术研究
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摘要
针对平顶山矿区深部煤层煤质松软,瓦斯抽采钻孔变形和坍塌现象普遍,瓦斯抽采困难的问题,开展了钻护一体化技术与装备研究。利用有限元软件ANSYS的广义Kelvin蠕变模型,分析了不同时间煤体蠕变对钻孔应力分布的影响规律,得到了软煤钻孔周围最大垂直应力分布范围。蠕变效应造成的平均(取竖直内径与水平内径的平均值)钻孔收缩量约为61%,平均作用周期约为20 d。以上述数值分析为基础,研发了磁吸牙片限位翻转式PDC通管钻头和内附导向衬管式通管钻杆,优选PE管作为护孔管,并在平顶山矿区的首山一矿进行现场试验。试验结果表明:采用深部松软煤层瓦斯抽采钻孔钻护一体化技术后,单孔平均百米瓦斯纯流量由0.003 6 m~3/(min·hm)提高至0.010 82m~3/(min·hm),瓦斯抽采效果明显。
In view of the problems such as deep soft coal seams,and the widespread deformatin and collapse of gas well drilling,as well as the difficulties in gas drainage in the Pingdingshan Mining Area,the research on drilling and protection integration technology and equipment is carried out. The Kelvin creep model of finite element software ANSYS is used to analyze the influence of creep of coal body on the stress distribution of borehole at different times,and the maximum vertical stress distribution around the soft coal boreholes is obtained. Average borehole shrinkage due to creep effect( the average of the vertical inner diameter and the horizontal inner diameter) is about 61%,and the average period of action is about 20 days. Based on the above numerical analysis,a magnetic tooth chip limit flip PDC pipe drill bit and a tubular drill pipe are developed with PE pipe as preferred protecting pipe and the field tests were launched in the Shoushan No.1 Mine of the Pingdingshan Mining Area.The test results show that the average flow rate of single-hole per 100 m gas is increased from 0.003 6 m~3/( min·hm) to 0.010 82 m~3/( min·hm) after the integration technology of gas extraction and drainage in deep soft coal seam.
In view of the problems such as deep soft coal seams,and the widespread deformatin and collapse of gas well drilling,as well as the difficulties in gas drainage in the Pingdingshan Mining Area,the research on drilling and protection integration technology and equipment is carried out. The Kelvin creep model of finite element software ANSYS is used to analyze the influence of creep of coal body on the stress distribution of borehole at different times,and the maximum vertical stress distribution around the soft coal boreholes is obtained. Average borehole shrinkage due to creep effect( the average of the vertical inner diameter and the horizontal inner diameter) is about 61%,and the average period of action is about 20 days. Based on the above numerical analysis,a magnetic tooth chip limit flip PDC pipe drill bit and a tubular drill pipe are developed with PE pipe as preferred protecting pipe and the field tests were launched in the Shoushan No.1 Mine of the Pingdingshan Mining Area.The test results show that the average flow rate of single-hole per 100 m gas is increased from 0.003 6 m~3/( min·hm) to 0.010 82 m~3/( min·hm) after the integration technology of gas extraction and drainage in deep soft coal seam.
引文
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[14]张超.钻孔封孔段失稳机理分析及加固式动态密封技术研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2014.
[15]姚向荣,程功林,石必明.深部围岩遇弱结构瓦斯抽采钻孔失稳分析与成孔方法[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(12):2073-2081.YAO Xiangrong,CHENG Gonglin,SHI Biming.Instability analysis and hole-forming method of gas extraction boreholes with weak structure in deep surrounding rock[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(12):2073-2081.
[16]王振,梁运培,金洪伟.防突钻孔失稳的力学条件分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2008,25(4):444-448.WANG Zhen,LIANG Yunpei,JIN Hongwei.Analysis of mechanical conditions for instability of outburst prevention boreholes[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2008,25(4):444-448.
[2]兰安畅,邹云龙,徐雪战,等.松软煤体钻孔坍塌控制技术研究[J].煤炭技术,2017,36(10):173-174.LAN Anchang,ZOU Yunlong,XU Xuezhang,et al.Study on borehole collapse control technology in soft coal body[J].Coal Technology,2017,36(10):173-174.
[3]张学博,高建良.深部开采松软煤层抽采钻孔变形特性研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2017,13(8):152-158.ZHANG Xuebo,GAO Jianliang.Study on deformation characteristics of drilling holes in deep mining soft coal seam[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2017,13(8):152-158.
[4]徐庆武,王国君,董力,等.瓦斯抽放钻孔护孔技术探讨[J].煤矿安全,2007,38(1):39-40XU Qingwu,WANG Guojun,DONG Li,et al.Discussion on borehole protection technology for gas drainage[J].Safety in Coal Mines,2007,38(1):39-40
[5]汪东升,刘宜宏,刘绪和.博金公司瓦斯涌出及分布规律[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2000,20(6):53-55.WANG Dongsheng,LIU Yihong,LIU Xuhe.Bojin gas emission and distribution law[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2000,20(6):53-55.
[6]周松元,赵军,刘学服,等.严重喷孔松软煤层成孔工艺与装备研究[J].湖南科技大学学报:自然科学版,2011,26(4):11-16.ZHOU Songyuan,ZHAO Jun,LIU Xuefu,et al.Research on poreforming technology and equipment of severe soft coal seam with jet holes[J].Journal of Hunan University of Science and Technology:Natural Science Edition,2011,26(4):11-16.
[7]周松元,雷丰蜻,桂建飞,等.松软煤层严重喷孔部位钻进工艺[J].煤矿安全,2012,43(3):41-44.ZHOU Songyuan,LEI Fengyuan,GUI Jianfei,et al.Drilling technology for serious jet hole in soft coal seam[J].Safety in Coal Mines,2012,43(3):41-44.
[8]姚向荣,石必明,夏抗生.深井遇软结构煤岩瓦斯抽采钻孔固化成孔技术研究[J].煤炭工程,2010(6):67-70.YAO Xiangrong,SHI Biming,XIA Kangsheng.Study on solidification drilling and hole forming technology of deep well in soft structure coal and rock gas extraction[J].Coal Engineering,2010(6):67-70.
[9]翟成,李全贵,孙臣,等.松软煤层水力压裂钻孔失稳分析及固化成孔方法[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(9):1431-1436.ZHAI Cheng,LI Quangui,SUN Chen,et al.Instability analysis of hydraulic fracturing boreholes in soft coal seams and solidification method[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(9):1431-1436.
[10]卢平,沈兆武,朱贵旺,等.含瓦斯煤的有效应力与力学变形破坏特性[J].中国科学技术大学学报,2001,31(6):55-62.LU Ping,SHEN Zhaowu,ZHU Guiwang,et al.Effective stress and mechanical deformation and failure characteristics of gas-bearing coal[J].Journal of China University of Science and Technology,2001,31(6):55-62.
[11]徐卫亚,杨圣奇,褚卫江.岩石非线性黏弹塑性流变模型(河海模型)及其应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(3):433-447.XU Weiya,YANG Shengqi,ZHU Weijiang.Nonlinear viscoelastic-plastic rheological model of rock(river-sea model)and its application[J].Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(3):433-447.
[12]周斌,郝晋伟,张春华.松软煤层瓦斯钻孔失稳分析及动态密封技术[J].煤田地质与勘探,2016,44(4):161-166.ZHOU Bin,HAO Jinwei,ZHANG Chunhua.Gas borehole instability analysis and dynamic sealing technology in soft coal seam[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,2016,44(4):161-166.
[13]左伟芹,白亚鹏,刘明举.采掘应力作用下顺层钻孔孔径时空演化规律[J].河南理工大学学报:自然科学版,2016,35(4):476-481.ZUO Weiqin,BAI Yapeng,LIU Mingju.Spatial and temporal evolution of borehole diameter in bedding under mining stress[J].Journal of Henan University of Technology:Natural Science Edition,2016,35(4):476-481.
[14]张超.钻孔封孔段失稳机理分析及加固式动态密封技术研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2014.
[15]姚向荣,程功林,石必明.深部围岩遇弱结构瓦斯抽采钻孔失稳分析与成孔方法[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(12):2073-2081.YAO Xiangrong,CHENG Gonglin,SHI Biming.Instability analysis and hole-forming method of gas extraction boreholes with weak structure in deep surrounding rock[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(12):2073-2081.
[16]王振,梁运培,金洪伟.防突钻孔失稳的力学条件分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2008,25(4):444-448.WANG Zhen,LIANG Yunpei,JIN Hongwei.Analysis of mechanical conditions for instability of outburst prevention boreholes[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2008,25(4):444-448.