水下圆形重力式网箱缆绳张力对波、流的响应特性
|
摘要
通过模型试验研究了周长40 m、网高10 m的HDPE圆形升降式网箱沉降在水下时的缆绳张力。试验采用狄克逊准则,模型大比例尺λ=10和小比例尺λa=λd=2;网箱采用网格形式锚泊系统。试验时前主缆绳水平方向与波流夹角为0°,试验流速为0、5、10和15 cm/s,波浪周期范围1.3～2.2 s,波高范围10～30 cm。在各试验条件下对主缆绳和系框绳以及浮框绳张力进行了测试,以受力最大的缆绳为研究对象,分析了缆绳最大张力与波流因子之间的关系。结果显示:①在纯流作用下,前主缆绳受力最大;在纯波作用下,后侧主缆绳受力最大,最大张力随波高增大呈线性增长趋势,随周期变化的影响较小。②在波流作用下,高流速、低波高、高波周期条件时前主缆绳受力最大;在低流速、高波高、低波周期时后侧主缆绳受力最大;前主缆绳受水流作用影响较大,后侧主缆绳受波浪作用影响较大。③在波流作用下,各缆绳最大张力随波高、流速增大而增大,随周期增大而减小;后侧主缆绳最大张力无量纲量随波陡增大且基本呈线性增长趋势。
In the paper, the characters of tension in the mooring lines of a single HDPE gravity cylindrical cage under water are studied by experimental tests. The prototype of cage has a perimeter of 40 m and a net height of10 m. Based on the Dixon rule of gear tests, two scales are chosen for the experimental model, i.e. λ=10 andλa=λd=2. The horizontal projections of the front mooring lines are in the same direction of current or incident waves. Uniform current is produced in the whole basin at a velocity of 0 cm/s, 5 cm/s, 10 cm/s and 15 cm/s. Regular waves with a period within the range of 1.3 s to 2.2 s and a height varying from 10 cm to 30 cm are generated.Tensions in the mooring lines are measured. The following conclusions might be drawn from the analysis of measured data.(1) Under the actions of current only, the average tension in the front main cable is greater than that of other lines. Under the actions of waves only, the maximum tension in the rear side main cable is greater than that of other lines. The maximum tension is linearly related to the wave height. The maximum tension of the front main line decreases with the increase of the period.(2) Under the combined effects of waves and currents, the maximum tension in the front main line is greater than that of other lines under high flow velocity, low wave height and high wave period; the maximum tension in the rear side main line is greater than that of other lines under low flow velocity, high wave height and low wave period.(3) Under the combined effects of waves and currents, the maximum tension of each line increases with the increase of the wave height, the increase of the flow velocity, and the decrease of the wave period.
In the paper, the characters of tension in the mooring lines of a single HDPE gravity cylindrical cage under water are studied by experimental tests. The prototype of cage has a perimeter of 40 m and a net height of10 m. Based on the Dixon rule of gear tests, two scales are chosen for the experimental model, i.e. λ=10 andλa=λd=2. The horizontal projections of the front mooring lines are in the same direction of current or incident waves. Uniform current is produced in the whole basin at a velocity of 0 cm/s, 5 cm/s, 10 cm/s and 15 cm/s. Regular waves with a period within the range of 1.3 s to 2.2 s and a height varying from 10 cm to 30 cm are generated.Tensions in the mooring lines are measured. The following conclusions might be drawn from the analysis of measured data.(1) Under the actions of current only, the average tension in the front main cable is greater than that of other lines. Under the actions of waves only, the maximum tension in the rear side main cable is greater than that of other lines. The maximum tension is linearly related to the wave height. The maximum tension of the front main line decreases with the increase of the period.(2) Under the combined effects of waves and currents, the maximum tension in the front main line is greater than that of other lines under high flow velocity, low wave height and high wave period; the maximum tension in the rear side main line is greater than that of other lines under low flow velocity, high wave height and low wave period.(3) Under the combined effects of waves and currents, the maximum tension of each line increases with the increase of the wave height, the increase of the flow velocity, and the decrease of the wave period.
引文
[1]袁军亭,周应祺.深水网箱的分类及性能[J].上海水产大学学报,2006,15(3):350-358.Yuan J T,Zhou Y Q.Classification of offshore fish cages and their performances[J].Journal of Shanghai Fisheries University,2006,15(3):350-358(in Chinese).
[2]Chen J X,Guang C T,Xu H,et al.Marine fish cage culture in China[M]//Lovatelli A,Philips M J,Arthur JR,et al.The future of mariculture:a regional approach for responsible Development in the Asia-Pacific region.Rome:FAO/NACA Regional Workshop,2006:285-293.
[3]黄滨,关长涛,崔勇,等.国产HDPE升降式深水网箱下沉关键技术的研究[J].渔业科学进展,2009,30(5):102-107.Huang B,Guan C T,Cui Y,et al.Study on key techniques for submergence of HDPE submersible deepsea cage[J].Marine Fisheries Research,2009,30(5):102-107(in Chinese).
[4]Xu T J,Dong G H,Li Y C,et al.Numerical study of a self-submersible single-point mooring gravity cage in combined wave-current flow[J].Applied Ocean Research,2014,48:66-79.
[5]Shainee M,DeCew J,Leira B J,et al.Numerical simulation of a self-submersible SPM cage system in regular waves with following currents[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2013,54:29-37.
[6]Fredriksson D W,DeCew J,Swift M R,et al.The design and analysis of a four-cage grid mooring for open ocean aquaculture[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2004,32(1):77-94.
[7]桂福坤,李玉成,吴常文.波浪条件下带底圈重力式网箱动力特性的试验研究[J].中国海洋平台,2007,22(4):12-18.Gui F K,Li Y C,Wu C W.Experimental study on the mooring line forces of gravity cage with bottom ring in waves[J].China Offshore Platform,2007,22(4):12-18(in Chinese).
[8]黄六一,梁振林,万荣,等.波流作用下网格锚泊的单个重力式网箱缆绳张力[J].中国水产科学,2011,18(3):636-645.Huang L Y,Liang Z L,Wan R,et al.Tension of anchor lines of single gravity grid mooring cage under combining effects of wave and current[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2011,18(3):636-645(in Chinese).
[9]杨新华,高晓芳,陈雷.圆柱形沉浮式深海养殖网箱的受力分析[J].中国海洋大学学报,2004,34(6):1081-1084.Yang X H,Gao X F,Chen L.Analysis of forces on a columniform-lift offshore cage[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2004,34(6):1081-1084(in Chinese).
[10]郑国富,黄桂芳,魏观渊,等.波流作用下圆柱形近海抗风浪网箱缆绳的张力特性[J].水产学报,2007,31(1):84-89.Zheng G F,Huang G F,Wei G Y,et al.Study on thecharacters of tension in mooring lines of anti-stormy-wave cage with cylindrical net under the combinedaction of waves and currents[J].Journal of Fisheries ofChina,2007,31(1):84-89(in Chinese).
[11]王新雷.圆台型网箱在水流作用下水动力特性数值模拟[D].大连:大连理工大学,2010.Wang X L.Numerical simulation of the hydrodynamic behaviour of the truncated cone fishing cage in current[D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2010(in Chinese).
[12]黄小华,郭根喜,胡昱,等.HDPE圆柱形网箱与圆台形网箱受力变形特性的比较[J].水产学报,2011,35(1):124-130.Huang X H,Guo G X,Hu Y,et al.Comparison on the forces and deformation between HDPE cylinder net-cage and truncated-cone net-cage in current[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2011,35(1):124-130(in Chinese).
[13]李玉成,桂福坤,宋芳,等.漂浮状态下重力式及碟形网箱锚绳受力特性的比较[J].水产学报,2005,29(4):570-573.Li Y C,Gui F K,Song F,et al.Comparison on the force characteristics of mooring lines between gravity cage and sea station cage under floating condition[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2005,29(4):570-573(in Chinese).
[14]徐为兵,朱克强,张大朋,等.网格锚定单体碟形网箱的水动力特性研究[J].海洋科学,2015,39(10):68-72.Xu W B,Zhu K Q,Zhang D P,et al.Hydrodynamic characteristics of single grid mooring ocean spar sea station[J].Marine Sciences,2015,39(10):68-72(in Chinese).
[15]赵云鹏,陈小芳,许条建,等.波浪作用下一种鲆鲽类方形网箱水动力特性数值模拟研究[J].中国水产科学,2012,19(5):889-899.Zhao Y P,Chen X F,Xu T J,et al.Numerical investigation of hydrodynamic properties of gravity cagefor flatfish culture during exposure to wave action[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2012,19(5):889-899 (in Chinese).
[16]Kim T H,Yang K U,Hwang K S,et al.Automatic submerging and surfacing performances of model submersible fish cage system operated by air control[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2011,45(2):74-86.
[17]Drach A,Tsukrov I,DeCew J,et al.Engineering procedures for design and analysis of submersible fish cages with copper netting for exposed marine environment[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2016,70:1-14.
[18]Kim T,Lee J,Fredriksson D W,et al.Engineering analysis of a submersible abalone aquaculture cage system for deployment in exposed marine environments[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2014,63:72-88.
[19]郑琦.不同下潜深度下网箱水动力特性试验研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2017.Zheng Q.Experimental study on hydrodynamic characteristics of net cage under different submergence depth[D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2017(in Chinese).
[20]周应褀.渔具力学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2001:119-140.Zhou Y Q.Mechanics of fishing gear[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2001:119-140(in Chinese).
[21]袁春海.乙丙无规共聚PPR管材料B4101性能分析及生产工艺优化[J].中外能源,2009,14(7):86-89.Yuan C H.Analysis of properties of PPR tubular material B4101 and optimization of production technologies[J].Sino-Global Energy,2009,14(7):86-89(in Chinese).
[22]林德芳,关长涛,黄文强,等.抗风浪网箱材料性能的研究[J].海洋水产研究,2004,25(5):57-60.Lin D F,Guan C T,Huang W Q,et al.Study on material performance of anti-wave cage[J].Marine Fisheries Research,2004,25(5):57-60(in Chinese).
[2]Chen J X,Guang C T,Xu H,et al.Marine fish cage culture in China[M]//Lovatelli A,Philips M J,Arthur JR,et al.The future of mariculture:a regional approach for responsible Development in the Asia-Pacific region.Rome:FAO/NACA Regional Workshop,2006:285-293.
[3]黄滨,关长涛,崔勇,等.国产HDPE升降式深水网箱下沉关键技术的研究[J].渔业科学进展,2009,30(5):102-107.Huang B,Guan C T,Cui Y,et al.Study on key techniques for submergence of HDPE submersible deepsea cage[J].Marine Fisheries Research,2009,30(5):102-107(in Chinese).
[4]Xu T J,Dong G H,Li Y C,et al.Numerical study of a self-submersible single-point mooring gravity cage in combined wave-current flow[J].Applied Ocean Research,2014,48:66-79.
[5]Shainee M,DeCew J,Leira B J,et al.Numerical simulation of a self-submersible SPM cage system in regular waves with following currents[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2013,54:29-37.
[6]Fredriksson D W,DeCew J,Swift M R,et al.The design and analysis of a four-cage grid mooring for open ocean aquaculture[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2004,32(1):77-94.
[7]桂福坤,李玉成,吴常文.波浪条件下带底圈重力式网箱动力特性的试验研究[J].中国海洋平台,2007,22(4):12-18.Gui F K,Li Y C,Wu C W.Experimental study on the mooring line forces of gravity cage with bottom ring in waves[J].China Offshore Platform,2007,22(4):12-18(in Chinese).
[8]黄六一,梁振林,万荣,等.波流作用下网格锚泊的单个重力式网箱缆绳张力[J].中国水产科学,2011,18(3):636-645.Huang L Y,Liang Z L,Wan R,et al.Tension of anchor lines of single gravity grid mooring cage under combining effects of wave and current[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2011,18(3):636-645(in Chinese).
[9]杨新华,高晓芳,陈雷.圆柱形沉浮式深海养殖网箱的受力分析[J].中国海洋大学学报,2004,34(6):1081-1084.Yang X H,Gao X F,Chen L.Analysis of forces on a columniform-lift offshore cage[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2004,34(6):1081-1084(in Chinese).
[10]郑国富,黄桂芳,魏观渊,等.波流作用下圆柱形近海抗风浪网箱缆绳的张力特性[J].水产学报,2007,31(1):84-89.Zheng G F,Huang G F,Wei G Y,et al.Study on thecharacters of tension in mooring lines of anti-stormy-wave cage with cylindrical net under the combinedaction of waves and currents[J].Journal of Fisheries ofChina,2007,31(1):84-89(in Chinese).
[11]王新雷.圆台型网箱在水流作用下水动力特性数值模拟[D].大连:大连理工大学,2010.Wang X L.Numerical simulation of the hydrodynamic behaviour of the truncated cone fishing cage in current[D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2010(in Chinese).
[12]黄小华,郭根喜,胡昱,等.HDPE圆柱形网箱与圆台形网箱受力变形特性的比较[J].水产学报,2011,35(1):124-130.Huang X H,Guo G X,Hu Y,et al.Comparison on the forces and deformation between HDPE cylinder net-cage and truncated-cone net-cage in current[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2011,35(1):124-130(in Chinese).
[13]李玉成,桂福坤,宋芳,等.漂浮状态下重力式及碟形网箱锚绳受力特性的比较[J].水产学报,2005,29(4):570-573.Li Y C,Gui F K,Song F,et al.Comparison on the force characteristics of mooring lines between gravity cage and sea station cage under floating condition[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2005,29(4):570-573(in Chinese).
[14]徐为兵,朱克强,张大朋,等.网格锚定单体碟形网箱的水动力特性研究[J].海洋科学,2015,39(10):68-72.Xu W B,Zhu K Q,Zhang D P,et al.Hydrodynamic characteristics of single grid mooring ocean spar sea station[J].Marine Sciences,2015,39(10):68-72(in Chinese).
[15]赵云鹏,陈小芳,许条建,等.波浪作用下一种鲆鲽类方形网箱水动力特性数值模拟研究[J].中国水产科学,2012,19(5):889-899.Zhao Y P,Chen X F,Xu T J,et al.Numerical investigation of hydrodynamic properties of gravity cagefor flatfish culture during exposure to wave action[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2012,19(5):889-899 (in Chinese).
[16]Kim T H,Yang K U,Hwang K S,et al.Automatic submerging and surfacing performances of model submersible fish cage system operated by air control[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2011,45(2):74-86.
[17]Drach A,Tsukrov I,DeCew J,et al.Engineering procedures for design and analysis of submersible fish cages with copper netting for exposed marine environment[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2016,70:1-14.
[18]Kim T,Lee J,Fredriksson D W,et al.Engineering analysis of a submersible abalone aquaculture cage system for deployment in exposed marine environments[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2014,63:72-88.
[19]郑琦.不同下潜深度下网箱水动力特性试验研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2017.Zheng Q.Experimental study on hydrodynamic characteristics of net cage under different submergence depth[D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2017(in Chinese).
[20]周应褀.渔具力学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2001:119-140.Zhou Y Q.Mechanics of fishing gear[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2001:119-140(in Chinese).
[21]袁春海.乙丙无规共聚PPR管材料B4101性能分析及生产工艺优化[J].中外能源,2009,14(7):86-89.Yuan C H.Analysis of properties of PPR tubular material B4101 and optimization of production technologies[J].Sino-Global Energy,2009,14(7):86-89(in Chinese).
[22]林德芳,关长涛,黄文强,等.抗风浪网箱材料性能的研究[J].海洋水产研究,2004,25(5):57-60.Lin D F,Guan C T,Huang W Q,et al.Study on material performance of anti-wave cage[J].Marine Fisheries Research,2004,25(5):57-60(in Chinese).