品种和气候对嫁接银杏叶中黄酮含量的影响
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摘要
黄酮对人类健康方面有着显著的医疗功效,从银杏叶片中提取黄酮工艺复杂且含量较低。因此,通过研究不同接穗品种、不同气候条件以及两者相互作用对嫁接银杏叶片中黄酮类化合物含量的影响,为提高银杏叶中黄酮含量,增加叶用银杏用林的种植收益提供一定的理论基础。试验采用了古银杏(叶丰)、泰兴大佛指、27#(南京林业大学某品种)、57#(大花穗)4个接穗的品种嫁接在广东、云南、四川3个地方。结果表明:1)接穗品种对银杏叶片中槲皮素含量的影响表现为:古银杏>泰兴大佛指> 27#> 57#,试验地对银杏叶片中槲皮素含量的影响表现为:云南>广东>四川。2)接穗品种对银杏叶片中山奈酚素含量的影响表现为:古银杏>泰兴大佛指> 57#> 27#,试验地对银杏叶片中槲皮素含量的影响表现为:云南>广东>四川。3)接穗品种对银杏叶片中异鼠李素含量的影响表现为:泰兴大佛指> 57#> 27#>古银杏,试验地对银杏叶片中异鼠李素含量的影响表现为:云南>广东>四川。4)接穗品种对银杏叶片中总黄酮含量的影响表现为:古银杏>泰兴大佛指> 57#> 27#,试验地对银杏叶片中总黄酮含量的影响表现为:云南>广东>四川。
Flavonoids have signi?cant medical effects on human health, the extraction process of ?avonoids from Ginkgo biloba leaves is complex and the ?avonoids content in the extract was lower. Therefore, through studying the effects of different scion varieties, different climatic conditions and the interaction of the two on the content of ?avonoids in G. biloba leaves, so it can provide a theoretical basis for improving the content of ?avonoids in G. biloba leaves and increasing the planting income of G. biloba forests. The four varieties of ancient ginkgo(Yefeng), Taixing Dafuozhi, 27#(one variety from Nanjing Forestry University) and 57#(big ?ower spike) were grafted in Guangdong, Yunnan and Sichuan provinces, and the observations and tests were carried out. The results are as follows. 1) The effects of scion varieties on quercetin content in G. biloba leaves in different province ordered from big to small as ancient G. biloba >Taixing Big Buddha's Finger > 27# > 57#, the effects of different test sites on quercetin content in G. biloba leaves in three provinces sequenced as: Yunnan > Guangdong > Sichuan. 2) The in?uences of scion varieties on the contents of kaempferol in G. biloba leaves in the three provinces sorted as: Ancient Ginkgo biloba > Taixing Big Buddha Finger > 57# > 27#, and the effects of different test sites on quercetin contents in G. biloba leaves in the three provinces ordered as: Yunnan > Guangdong > Sichuan. 3) The effects of scion varieties on the contents of isorhamnetin in leaves of G. biloba in the three provinces was as follows: Taixing Big Buddha Finger > 57# >27# > Ancient Ginkgo biloba, and the effects of different test sites on isorhamnetin contents in G. biloba leaves in the three provinces was: Yunnan > Guangdong > Sichuan. 4) The effects of scion varieties on total ?avonoid contents in G. biloba leaves in different provinces was: Ancient Ginkgo biloba > Taixing Big Buddha Finger > 57# > 27#, and the effects of the test sites on total ?avonoid contents in G. biloba leaves in different provinces was: Yunnan > Guangdong > Sichuan.
Flavonoids have signi?cant medical effects on human health, the extraction process of ?avonoids from Ginkgo biloba leaves is complex and the ?avonoids content in the extract was lower. Therefore, through studying the effects of different scion varieties, different climatic conditions and the interaction of the two on the content of ?avonoids in G. biloba leaves, so it can provide a theoretical basis for improving the content of ?avonoids in G. biloba leaves and increasing the planting income of G. biloba forests. The four varieties of ancient ginkgo(Yefeng), Taixing Dafuozhi, 27#(one variety from Nanjing Forestry University) and 57#(big ?ower spike) were grafted in Guangdong, Yunnan and Sichuan provinces, and the observations and tests were carried out. The results are as follows. 1) The effects of scion varieties on quercetin content in G. biloba leaves in different province ordered from big to small as ancient G. biloba >Taixing Big Buddha's Finger > 27# > 57#, the effects of different test sites on quercetin content in G. biloba leaves in three provinces sequenced as: Yunnan > Guangdong > Sichuan. 2) The in?uences of scion varieties on the contents of kaempferol in G. biloba leaves in the three provinces sorted as: Ancient Ginkgo biloba > Taixing Big Buddha Finger > 57# > 27#, and the effects of different test sites on quercetin contents in G. biloba leaves in the three provinces ordered as: Yunnan > Guangdong > Sichuan. 3) The effects of scion varieties on the contents of isorhamnetin in leaves of G. biloba in the three provinces was as follows: Taixing Big Buddha Finger > 57# >27# > Ancient Ginkgo biloba, and the effects of different test sites on isorhamnetin contents in G. biloba leaves in the three provinces was: Yunnan > Guangdong > Sichuan. 4) The effects of scion varieties on total ?avonoid contents in G. biloba leaves in different provinces was: Ancient Ginkgo biloba > Taixing Big Buddha Finger > 57# > 27#, and the effects of the test sites on total ?avonoid contents in G. biloba leaves in different provinces was: Yunnan > Guangdong > Sichuan.
引文
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[3]周维书.银杏叶挥发油化学成分的研究[J].中国药学杂志,1999,34(5):353.
[4]李彦,周晓东,楼浙辉,等.植物次生代谢产物及影响其积累的因素研究综述[J].江西林业科技,2012(3):54-60.
[5]傅丰永,刘永漋,尚天民,等.黄酮类化合物在自然界其药用价值和新药的寻找[J].植物学报,1980,1(1):87-92.
[6]程水源,顾曼如,束怀瑞.银杏叶化学成分与药用研究进展[J].中草药,1998,29(增刊):16-18.
[7]邓桂春,王鑫,赵丽艳,等.分光光度法测定银杏叶中黄酮的含量[J].辽宁大学学报(自然科学版),2005,32(2):101-104.
[8]陈秀珍.银杏叶不同生长期总黄酮的含量测定[J].广西植物,1988,8(4):69-70.
[9]崔红芳,叶正良,周大铮,等.银杏叶中四种银杏内酯的含量测定[J].化学工业与工程,2007,24(6):532-535.
[10]明道绪.田间试验与统计分析[M].北京:科学出版社,2013:111-112.
[11]王湘南,王瑞,陈隆升,等.油茶新品种芽苗砧嫁接砧穗组合的亲和性分析[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2017,37(12):1-6.
[12]田晓明,蒋利媛,颜立红,等.墨紫含笑嫁接技术研究[J].经济林研究,2018,36(2):191-194.
[13]刘红明,王绍华,郑玉龙,等.3种砧木嫁接对柠檬幼树光合特性的影响[J].经济林研究,2018,36(1):29-34.
[14]张成军,郭佳秋,陈国祥.高温和干旱对银杏光合作用、叶片中黄酮苷和萜类内酯含量的影响[J].农村生态环境,2005,21(3):11-15.
[15]常丽.温度和土壤水分对银杏叶类黄酮合成的影响[D].南京:南京林业大学,2013.
[16]徐友.温度和光强对银杏生长和次生代谢产物合成的影响[D].南京:南京林业大学,2016.
[17]程水源,王燕,李俊凯,等.银杏叶片色素含量与黄酮含量关系的研究[J].林业科学,2001,37(5):31-34.
[18]景茂.银杏对土壤水分胁迫的响应[D].南京:南京林业大学,2005.