特殊情况下水塔定向爆破及振动分析
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摘要
为了验证爆破拆除33m高水塔因工人打孔位置偏移而重新设计的参数,即将打偏的孔计入爆破孔的合理性和防护措施的安全性,对爆破振动和塌落引起的振动及塌落时间进行测试和评估。根据经验公式得到爆破振动和塌落振动的校核速度分别为2.18、4.49cm/s,塌落振动速度大于《爆破安全规程》的允许速度,故需开挖减振坑保护建筑物,塌落时间为3.70s。在校核振动安全和塌落时间评估的同时,对爆破产生的振动进行测试,在爆破现场设置了2个测试点,对测得数据进行希尔伯特黄变换,根据时间差判断出爆炸、下坐、塌落段的振动信号,并得出2个测点振动主频都集中在5～20Hz,符合工程经验值。此次水塔成功拆除,爆破工程防护得当,周边环境未被破坏,对类似工程具有一定的参考意义。
In order to verify the parameters redesigned for the deviation of workers' punching position during the blasting demolition of 33 m-high water tower,that is,the rationality of deflecting holes is included in the blasting holes and the safety of protective measures,and the collapse time,blasting vibration and collapse vibration are tested and evaluated.According to the empirical formula,the check speed of blasting vibration and collapse vibration is 2.18 cm/s and 4.49 cm/s,respectively.The collapse vibration speed is higher than the permissible speed of safety regulations for blasting.Therefore,it is necessary to dig the vibration reduction pit to protect the building,and the collapse time is 3.70 s.While checking the evaluation of vibration safety and collapse time,the vibration generated by blasting was tested,two test points are set at the blasting site,and Hilbert-Huang Transform is performed on the measured data.The vibration signals of explosion,backlash and collapse section are judged according to the time difference.The water tower is successfully dismantled,the blasting project is properly protected,and the surrounding environment are not damaged,which is certain reference significance for similar projects.
In order to verify the parameters redesigned for the deviation of workers' punching position during the blasting demolition of 33 m-high water tower,that is,the rationality of deflecting holes is included in the blasting holes and the safety of protective measures,and the collapse time,blasting vibration and collapse vibration are tested and evaluated.According to the empirical formula,the check speed of blasting vibration and collapse vibration is 2.18 cm/s and 4.49 cm/s,respectively.The collapse vibration speed is higher than the permissible speed of safety regulations for blasting.Therefore,it is necessary to dig the vibration reduction pit to protect the building,and the collapse time is 3.70 s.While checking the evaluation of vibration safety and collapse time,the vibration generated by blasting was tested,two test points are set at the blasting site,and Hilbert-Huang Transform is performed on the measured data.The vibration signals of explosion,backlash and collapse section are judged according to the time difference.The water tower is successfully dismantled,the blasting project is properly protected,and the surrounding environment are not damaged,which is certain reference significance for similar projects.
引文
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[3]李阳,蒲传金,肖定军,等.85m高的烟囱拆除爆破及其振动测试分析[J].工程爆破,2017,23(5):49-55.LI Y,PU C J,XIAO D J,et al.Blasting demolition and vibration measurement analysis of 85 mchimney[J].Engineering Blasting,2017,23(5):49-55.
[4]傅菊根,姜建农,张宇本.高耸建筑物爆破拆除切口高度理论计算[J].工程爆破,2006,12(2):56-58.FU J G,JIANG J N,ZHANG Y B.Theoretical calculation of notched height about tower building demolished by blasting[J].Engineering Blasting,2006,12(2):56-58.
[5]张伟,杨跃林,毕卫国.复杂环境下倒锥壳式45 m水塔的爆破拆除[J].中国矿业,2007,16(3):98-100.ZHANG W,YANG Y L,BI W G.Demolition of 45m high inverted cone water tower under complicated circumstances[J].China Mining Magazine,2007,16(3):98-100.
[6]瞿家林,谢兴博,王希之,等.90m高冷却塔爆破拆除安全防护设计[J].爆破,2011,28(2):72-75.QU J L,XIE X B,WANG X Z,et al.Security protection design of explosion demolition of 90 m cooling tower[J].Blasting,2011,28(2):72-75.
[7]朱滨.弹性力学[M].合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,2008:74-75.ZHU B.Elasticity mechanics[M].Hefei:University of Science and Technology of China Press,2008:74-75.
[8]国家安全生产监督管理总局.爆破安全规程:GB6722-2014[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2015.State Administration of Work Safety.Safety regulations for blasting:GB6722-2014[S].Beijing:China Standards Press,2015.
[9]周家汉.爆破拆除塌落振动速度计算公式的讨论[J].工程爆破,2009,15(1):1-4.ZHOU J H.Discussion on calculation formula of collapsingvibrationvelocitycausedbyblasting demolition[J].Engineering Blasting,2009,15(1):1-4.
[10]李守巨.拆除爆破中的安全防护技术[J].工程爆破,1995,1(1):71-75.LI S J.Safeguard technology in demolition blasting[J].Engineering Blasting,1995,1(1):71-75.
[11]徐燕侯,郭长铭,周凯元.理论力学[M].合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,2000:179-184.XU Y H,GUO C M,ZHOU K Y.Theoretical mechanics[M].Hefei:University of Science and Technology of China Press,2000:179-184.
[12]张明生,刘雪娇,唐庆红.提高伞形水塔爆破倒塌精确度的工程实践[J].爆破,2006,23(4):53-55.ZHANG M S,LIU X J,TANG Q H.Improvement in the precision of blasting demolition umbrella water tower[J].Blasting,2006,23(4):53-55.
[13]张义平,李夕兵,左宇军.爆破振动信号的HHT分析与应用[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2008:32-51.ZHANG Y P,LI X B,ZUO Y J.Analysis and application of HHT in blasting vibration signal[M].Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press,2008:32-51.