摘要
两亲聚合物在选择性溶剂(对一片段为良溶剂同时对另一片段为劣溶剂)中,在分子间的氢键、静电相互作用和范德华力等推动下自发构筑形成聚合物胶束,溶解性差的片段形成胶束的核,溶解性好的片段形成溶剂化壳层。开始大量形成胶束时的聚合物浓度为临界胶束浓度(CMC)。聚合物胶束的形状以球形最为常见,此外还有棒状、囊状、片状、管状、星状等聚合物胶束的粒径通常在1~200 nm之间时,属于物质由宏观世界向微观世界的过渡区域。这种特殊结构可导致四种效应:小尺寸效应、表面与界面效应、量子尺寸效应和宏观量子隧道效应,并表现出传统固体物质所不具备的许多特殊性质。
引文
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