粗糙龙胆根系发育形态学研究
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摘要
为了解粗糙龙胆的根系特点,采用常规观察和石蜡切片法对粗糙龙胆根系的发育过程和1～4年生根的解剖结构进行研究。结果表明:1年生的实生苗多为直根系,2年以上植株发育为须根系,随着根龄的增加整个根系基本垂直向下或偏向一侧生长。不同根龄的不定根结构相似,由外至内包括表皮、皮层和次生维管组织。随着根龄的增加,表皮逐渐脱落完全,依靠外皮层和其内侧紧邻的外皮层母细胞代替表皮起到保护作用,内皮层宿存,至4龄根并未见明显周皮。维管形成层由2～5层扁平细胞构成;随着根龄的增加次生韧皮部和次生木质部的面积逐渐增大,韧皮薄壁细胞依然占主要部分,次生木质部不发达。在一些4年生根的髓部中央出现新结构即髓心内皮层。因此,粗糙龙胆根系的发育和解剖结构特点与其生长环境相适应,新结构髓心内皮层的发育过程和功能还需进一步研究。
To understand the root characteristics of Gentiana scabra, we studied the development process and the anatomical structure of 1 to 4 years old roots of G. scabra by using the routine observation and the paraffin methods. The results showed that: 1-year seedlings mostly belonged to tap root system, and plants of more than2-year developed into fibrous root system, the whole root system grew vertically downward or inclined to one side with the increase of root age; the structure of adventitious roots at different root ages was similar, consisting of epidermis, cortex and secondary vascular tissue from the outer to the inner; with the increase of root age,epidermis gradually shed completely, and the protective effect of the epidermis was replaced by its inner adjacent cortex and the mother cells of the outer cortex, its endodermis persisted, and no obvious periderm was seen at 4-year-old root; the vascular cambium composed of 2-5 layers of flat cells; the area of secondary phloem and secondary xylem increased step by step with the increase of root age, but the phloem parenchyma cells still accounted for the main part, secondary xylem was underdeveloped; a new structure appeared in the medullary center of some 4-year-old roots which was the pith endodermis. Therefore, the development and anatomical structure characteristics of roots of G. scabra are suitable for its growth environment, moreover, the development process and functions of the pith endodermis need to be further studied.
To understand the root characteristics of Gentiana scabra, we studied the development process and the anatomical structure of 1 to 4 years old roots of G. scabra by using the routine observation and the paraffin methods. The results showed that: 1-year seedlings mostly belonged to tap root system, and plants of more than2-year developed into fibrous root system, the whole root system grew vertically downward or inclined to one side with the increase of root age; the structure of adventitious roots at different root ages was similar, consisting of epidermis, cortex and secondary vascular tissue from the outer to the inner; with the increase of root age,epidermis gradually shed completely, and the protective effect of the epidermis was replaced by its inner adjacent cortex and the mother cells of the outer cortex, its endodermis persisted, and no obvious periderm was seen at 4-year-old root; the vascular cambium composed of 2-5 layers of flat cells; the area of secondary phloem and secondary xylem increased step by step with the increase of root age, but the phloem parenchyma cells still accounted for the main part, secondary xylem was underdeveloped; a new structure appeared in the medullary center of some 4-year-old roots which was the pith endodermis. Therefore, the development and anatomical structure characteristics of roots of G. scabra are suitable for its growth environment, moreover, the development process and functions of the pith endodermis need to be further studied.
引文
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[7]吕新,孙建之,刘姝静,等.龙胆苦寒伤胃的表现及酒炙的缓和作用[J].中南药学,2018(2):145-148.
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[17]宋纯清,杨肖锋,胡之璧.龙胆苦甙的人肠内菌代谢实验观察[J].时珍国医国药,2001,12(1):1-2.
[18]王东剑.龙胆泻肝汤的临床应用近况[J].山西中医,2011,27(3):49-50.
[19]刘鸣远,周瑛,王代运.“关龙胆”原植物及药材的鉴别研究[J].药学学报,1981,16(4):294-297.
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[21]孙爱群,周雪林,左经会,等.3种小龙胆组植物的数码显微结构[J].贵州农业科学,2015,43(11):140-143.
[22]吴志瑰,付小梅,谢斌,等.一枝黄花的形态组织学研究[J].中药材,2017,40(12):2824-2827.
[23]蔡霞,吴小琴,周庆源,等.植物内皮层凯氏带及其在抗盐胁迫中的作用[J].电子显微学报,2011,30(6):533-540.
[24]周亚福,毛少利,李思锋,等.白鲜根的发育解剖学研究[J].西北植物学报,2014,34(7):1358-1363.
[25]韩文兰,秦金山,吕鼎豪,等.晋产远志营养器官解剖学研究[J].山西农业科学,2017,45(6):926-927.
[26]王桂芹,努尔巴衣·阿布都沙勒克,郑玉华.牛膝根结构特征与三萜皂苷的积累关系[J].植物研究,2011,31(1):109-112.
[2]刘鸣远,王栋,都晓伟.根类药材植物生物学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1995.
[3]刘占文,陈长勋,金若敏,等.龙胆苦苷的保肝作用研究[J].中草药,2002,33(1):47-50.
[4]朱正兰,陈孟兰.关龙胆地上部分保肝作用研究[J].时珍国医国药,2007,18(12):3044-3045.
[5]王福大.龙胆泻肝汤应用在酒精性肝病患者治疗中的临床效果[J].中国医药指南,2018(4):162-163.
[6]宁愿,程玉鹏,马爱萍,等.龙胆药理作用的研究进展[J].化学工程师,2017,31(6):47-49.
[7]吕新,孙建之,刘姝静,等.龙胆苦寒伤胃的表现及酒炙的缓和作用[J].中南药学,2018(2):145-148.
[8]刘鸣远.我国南方产狭叶型龙胆的研究[J].植物研究,1981,1(3):59-69.
[9]罗集鹏,楼之岑.中药龙胆的形态组织学研究[J].药学学报,1987,22(8):619-636.
[10]郭达初,俞志洲,林巾箴.龙胆的器官发生与繁殖[J].中国中药杂志,1983,8(5):3-5.
[11]赵玉敏,宫汝淳,朱俊义.龙胆草种子春播前的保存及处理[J].人参研究,1998(4):32-33.
[12]申志英,方坤.提高龙胆种子发芽率试验[J].中药材,2004,27(11):801-802.
[13]张连学,刘兴权.不同畦面覆盖物对龙胆草育苗效果的影响[J].特产研究,1994(1):4-5.
[14]袁长友,苏顺林,秦桂华,等.粗糙龙胆高产栽培技术[J].中国林副特产,2003(3):4-5.
[15]张治国,韩献忠.条叶龙胆根培养物中龙胆苦苷的产生和含量[J].植物生理学报,1993,19(1):66-70.
[16]关旸,王臣,王晔.粗糙龙胆地下器官龙胆苦苷和可溶性糖含量的动态研究[J].植物研究,2004,24(3):366-368.
[17]宋纯清,杨肖锋,胡之璧.龙胆苦甙的人肠内菌代谢实验观察[J].时珍国医国药,2001,12(1):1-2.
[18]王东剑.龙胆泻肝汤的临床应用近况[J].山西中医,2011,27(3):49-50.
[19]刘鸣远,周瑛,王代运.“关龙胆”原植物及药材的鉴别研究[J].药学学报,1981,16(4):294-297.
[20] Seago J R J L, Peterson C A, Kinsley L J, et al. Development and Structure of the Root Cortex in Caltha palustris L. and Nymphaea odorata Ait.[J].Annals of Botany,2000,86(3):631-640.
[21]孙爱群,周雪林,左经会,等.3种小龙胆组植物的数码显微结构[J].贵州农业科学,2015,43(11):140-143.
[22]吴志瑰,付小梅,谢斌,等.一枝黄花的形态组织学研究[J].中药材,2017,40(12):2824-2827.
[23]蔡霞,吴小琴,周庆源,等.植物内皮层凯氏带及其在抗盐胁迫中的作用[J].电子显微学报,2011,30(6):533-540.
[24]周亚福,毛少利,李思锋,等.白鲜根的发育解剖学研究[J].西北植物学报,2014,34(7):1358-1363.
[25]韩文兰,秦金山,吕鼎豪,等.晋产远志营养器官解剖学研究[J].山西农业科学,2017,45(6):926-927.
[26]王桂芹,努尔巴衣·阿布都沙勒克,郑玉华.牛膝根结构特征与三萜皂苷的积累关系[J].植物研究,2011,31(1):109-112.