基于机器视觉的高压断路器速度特性测量方法研究
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摘要
分合闸速度特性是高压断路器的重要特征参数,其大小直接影响高压断路器的工作性能。针对采用常规传感器测量高压断路器速度特性时普遍具有的安装固定困难、影响断路器特性等缺点,文中提出了一种基于机器视觉的速度特性测量方法。此方法通过在高压断路器运动机构表面设置参考标记,使用高速相机在断路器动作时对其进行视频图像采集,经由机器视觉算法处理后,识别得到标记参考点的运动轨迹,进而获得高压断路动触头的速度特性。以12kV永磁真空断路器为例进行了实验,结果表明,此方法可取得与高精度位移传感器较为一致的结果,测量误差小,能满足高压断路器速度特性测量的要求。此外,此方法无需安装传感器固定夹具,无电压隔离等问题,便于现场测量,测量效率高。
The speed characteristics during opening and closing operation are important characteristic parameters ofhigh voltage circuit breaker,which affect the working performance of circuit breaker directly. It is always difficult tomount a displacement transducer or angle sensor into a high voltage circuit breaker online. Besides,the sensors andits attachments always take negative impact on the mechanical characteristics of circuit breaker. Aiming at solvingthose problems,this paper developed a speed characteristics measuring method based on machine vision algorithm.This non-invasive method only needs to set some color marks on the surface of some moving parts as the movementreference points whose movement keep in accordance with the moving contacts of circuit breaker. The moving tracksof reference marks are automatically identified through processing the video of circuit breaker operation recorded byhigh speed camera.Then the speed characteristics of moving contact can be obtained,based on machine vision algo-rithm. Experiments have been carried out with a 12kV vacuum circuit breaker,the result shows that the characteris-tic curve measured by this method is precise compared with high accuracy displacement sensor and it meets the re-quirement of speed characteristic detection. Moreover,this method doesn't require any additional fixtures and ismore convenient for on-site measurement than traditional measuring method,without the necessity for high voltageisolation.
The speed characteristics during opening and closing operation are important characteristic parameters ofhigh voltage circuit breaker,which affect the working performance of circuit breaker directly. It is always difficult tomount a displacement transducer or angle sensor into a high voltage circuit breaker online. Besides,the sensors andits attachments always take negative impact on the mechanical characteristics of circuit breaker. Aiming at solvingthose problems,this paper developed a speed characteristics measuring method based on machine vision algorithm.This non-invasive method only needs to set some color marks on the surface of some moving parts as the movementreference points whose movement keep in accordance with the moving contacts of circuit breaker. The moving tracksof reference marks are automatically identified through processing the video of circuit breaker operation recorded byhigh speed camera.Then the speed characteristics of moving contact can be obtained,based on machine vision algo-rithm. Experiments have been carried out with a 12kV vacuum circuit breaker,the result shows that the characteris-tic curve measured by this method is precise compared with high accuracy displacement sensor and it meets the re-quirement of speed characteristic detection. Moreover,this method doesn't require any additional fixtures and ismore convenient for on-site measurement than traditional measuring method,without the necessity for high voltageisolation.
引文
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[19]徐玉涛,赵书涛,王天正,等.基于图像处理的断路器机械特性参数测试方法研究[J].科学技术与工程,2015,15(16):165-168.XU Yutao,ZHAO Shutao,WANG Tianzheng,et al.Testing method research of circuit breaker mechanical characteristic parameters based on image processing[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2015,15(16):165-168.
[20]SHIMIZU T,ISAMI M,TERADA K,et al.Color recognition by extended color space method for 64-color 2-D barcode[C]//MVA2011 IAPR Conference on Machine Vision Applications.Japan:[s.n.],2011:259-261.
[21]CHAN Sixian,ZHOU Xiaolong,HUANG Chengbin,et al.An improved method for fisheye camera calibration and distortion correction[C]//2016 International Conference on Advanced Robotics and Mechatronics.Macau:IEEE,2016:579-584.
[22]LIU Hongyuan,WANG Hengfei,WANG Hongchao,et al.A high precision CCD device quantum efficiency calibration device and the evaluation of uncertainty measurement[C]//2015 12th IEEE International Conference on Electronic Measurement&Instruments.China:IEEE,2015:1453-1457.
[23]夏仁波,刘伟军,赵吉宾,等.基于圆形标志点的全自动相机标定方法[J].仪器仪表学报,2009,30(2):368-372.XIA Renbo,LIU Weijun,ZHAO Jibin,et al.Fully automaticcameraca libration method based on circular marker[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2009,30(2):368-372.
[2]刘研,曹云东.真空断路器永磁操动机构的动态特性研究[J].机械设计与制造,2009(2):147-148.LIU Yan,CAO Yundong.Dynamic characteristic study onpermanent magnet actuator for vacuum circuit breaker[J].Machinery Design&Manufacture,2009(2):147-148.
[3]王焱源,张国清.断路器动作特性测量系统的研制[J].电网技术,2007,31(2):62-64.WANG Yanyuan,ZHANG Guoqing.Development of thebreaker’s operational property testing measuring system[J].Power System Technology,2007,31(2):62-64.
[4]潘慧敏,张彼得,方春恩.基于DSP的真空断路器机械特性测试装置[J].低压电器,2008(17):23-26.PAN Huimin,ZHANG Bide,FANG Chunen.The mechanical properties testing device of vacuum circuit breaker based on DSP[J].Low Voltage Apparatus,2008(17):23-26.
[5]荣命哲,娄建勇,王小华.永磁式接触器动触头动作特性仿真分析与试验研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(1):109-113.RONG Mingzhe,LOU Jianyong,WANG Xiaohua.Simulation analysis and experimental research of operating characteristic for moving contact of contactor with permanent magnet actuator[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2005,25(1):109-113.
[6]陈振生.智能高压开关设备的在线监测技术[J].电力设备,2008,9(3):5-8.CHEN Zhensheng.On-line condition monitoring technology for intelligent high voltage switchgear[J].Electrical Equipment,2008,9(3):5-8.
[7]张蓬鹤,王姝,王宇,等.真空断路器的速度特性测量方法[J].低压电器,2005(3):55-57.ZHANG Penghe,WANG Shu,WANG Yu,et al.Measurement of speed characteristics for vacuum circuit breaker[J].Low Voltage Apparatus,2005(3):55-57.
[8]LIN Shaokai,TSAI M C,WANG Shenghe.Development of high speed characteristic measurement method for permanent magnet motors[C]//2014 17th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems(ICEMS).[S.l.]:IEEE,2014:1515-1518.
[9]马靖宇.新型传感器测量断路器动特性的研究[J].自动化与仪器仪表,2008(3):75-77.MA Jingyu.The study of new sensors for dynamic chharacteristics of circuit breaker[J].Automation&Instrumentation,2008(3):75-77.
[10]LIN Xin,CAO Chen,LI Bin,et al.Dynamic simulation and opening bouncing analysis of vacuum circuit breaker with permanent magnetic actuator[J].High Voltage Engineering,2013(7):1772-1776.
[11]YANG Guang.Effects of switching speed on arcing and contact erosions in residential circuit breakers[C]//27th International Conference on Electrical Contacts.Germany:[s.n.],2014:393-396.
[12]易慧,尹项根,郑浩,等.基于DSP的高压断路器综合在线监测装置[J].高压电器,2007,43(1):35-39.YI Hui,YIN Xianggen,ZHENG Hao,et al.On-line monitoring device for high voltage circuit breaker based on DSP[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2007,43(1):35-39.
[13]孔凡胜,马靖宇.基于MEMS技术的加速度传感器测量断路器速度特性的研究[J].工业仪表与自动化装置,2008(3):77-79.KONG Fansheng,MA Jingyu.A study of the detection of breaker speed characteristics based on the MEMS type acceleration sensor[J].Industrial Instrumentation&Automation,2008(3):77-79.
[14]张生成,陈志新.真空断路器的速度特性测量方法[J].甘肃科技,2009,25(12):10-11.ZHANG Shengcheng,CHEN Zhixin.Speed characteristics measurement of vacuum breaker[J].Gansu Science and Technology,2009,25(12):10-11.
[15]魏明.关于VS1-12真空断路器的测速问题[J].高压电器,2005,41(5):390-393.WEI Ming.Measurement of operating speed of VS1-12 vacuum circuit breaker[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2005,41(5):390-393.
[16]武建文,白洪超,张丹丹,等.适用于新标准的断路器机械特性测试装置[J].高压电器,2006,42(4):298-300.WU Jianwen,BAI Hongchao,ZHANG Dandan,et al.Circuit breaker mechanical characteristics test device conforming to the new GB standard[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2006,42(4):298-300.
[17]CHEN Tiejian,WANG Yaonan,XIAO Changyan,et al.A machine vision apparatus and method for can-end inspection[J].IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement,2016,65(9):2055-2066.
[18]徐春梅,王春耀,刘跃,等.基于机器视觉系统的颜色识别[J].机械设计与制造,2011(8):257-258.XU Chunmei,WANG Chunyao,LIU Yue,et al.The color recognition research based on machine vision system[J].Machinery Design&Manufacture,2011(8):257-258.
[19]徐玉涛,赵书涛,王天正,等.基于图像处理的断路器机械特性参数测试方法研究[J].科学技术与工程,2015,15(16):165-168.XU Yutao,ZHAO Shutao,WANG Tianzheng,et al.Testing method research of circuit breaker mechanical characteristic parameters based on image processing[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2015,15(16):165-168.
[20]SHIMIZU T,ISAMI M,TERADA K,et al.Color recognition by extended color space method for 64-color 2-D barcode[C]//MVA2011 IAPR Conference on Machine Vision Applications.Japan:[s.n.],2011:259-261.
[21]CHAN Sixian,ZHOU Xiaolong,HUANG Chengbin,et al.An improved method for fisheye camera calibration and distortion correction[C]//2016 International Conference on Advanced Robotics and Mechatronics.Macau:IEEE,2016:579-584.
[22]LIU Hongyuan,WANG Hengfei,WANG Hongchao,et al.A high precision CCD device quantum efficiency calibration device and the evaluation of uncertainty measurement[C]//2015 12th IEEE International Conference on Electronic Measurement&Instruments.China:IEEE,2015:1453-1457.
[23]夏仁波,刘伟军,赵吉宾,等.基于圆形标志点的全自动相机标定方法[J].仪器仪表学报,2009,30(2):368-372.XIA Renbo,LIU Weijun,ZHAO Jibin,et al.Fully automaticcameraca libration method based on circular marker[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2009,30(2):368-372.