隧道充填岩溶管道滑移失稳突水机制
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摘要
为探究隧道充填岩溶管道滑移失稳突水机制,将岩溶管道视为"塞子",建立岩溶管道滑移失稳突水的地质模型和力学传递模型,推导出充填岩溶管道失稳判据及安全系数计算公式,并通过算例分析岩溶管道倾角和含水体水位对岩溶管道安全性的影响。研究结果表明:弱透水或不透水的充填岩溶管道在突水过程中的作用类似"塞子",具有较强阻水性能,此时突水模式为岩溶管道的充填物滑移失稳突水;隧道开挖过程中,作用在岩溶管道的下滑力和抗滑力达到临界条件时,管道发生滑移失稳,最终导致突水的发生;充填岩溶管道的安全系数随着含水体水位增大而不断降低,管道倾角对安全系数的影响比水位的影响小;地下水对岩溶管道安全性的影响很大,其中渗透压力、静水压力和扬压力对管道安全性的影响较大,是触发管道发生滑移失稳、引发突水的关键因素。
In order to investigate the water inrush mechanism for slip instability of filled karst conduit in tunnels, a fundamental geological model and the mechanical transitive model of the conduit slip were established by assuming the karst conduit as a plug. The instability criteria for the karst conduit and an equation to calculate the safety factor of the karst conduit were deduced. Influences of the conduit inclination and the water level of the aquifer on the safety of karst conduit were investigated. The results show that the karst conduit of low permeability or impermeable plays a role as a plug that has strong water blocking effects, and it leads to water inrush induced by the conduit slip. Conduit slip and then water inrush occur when the sliding force exceeds anti-sliding force. The safety factor of the karst conduit decreases with the increase of water level of the aquifer. The influence of conduit inclination on safety factor is less significant than that of the water level. The safety of karst conduit is strongly related to groundwater. Seepage pressure, hydrostatic pressure and uplift pressure are the key factors to cause conduit slip and water inrush.
In order to investigate the water inrush mechanism for slip instability of filled karst conduit in tunnels, a fundamental geological model and the mechanical transitive model of the conduit slip were established by assuming the karst conduit as a plug. The instability criteria for the karst conduit and an equation to calculate the safety factor of the karst conduit were deduced. Influences of the conduit inclination and the water level of the aquifer on the safety of karst conduit were investigated. The results show that the karst conduit of low permeability or impermeable plays a role as a plug that has strong water blocking effects, and it leads to water inrush induced by the conduit slip. Conduit slip and then water inrush occur when the sliding force exceeds anti-sliding force. The safety factor of the karst conduit decreases with the increase of water level of the aquifer. The influence of conduit inclination on safety factor is less significant than that of the water level. The safety of karst conduit is strongly related to groundwater. Seepage pressure, hydrostatic pressure and uplift pressure are the key factors to cause conduit slip and water inrush.
引文
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[15]CHU Vietthuc.公路隧道充填型岩溶管道突水灾变机理及演化过程数值分析[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2016,47(12):4173-4180.CHU Vietthuc.Mechanism on water inrush disaster of filling karst piping and numerical analysis of evolutionary process in highway tunnel[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2016,47(12):4173-4180.
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[17]BAI Haibo,MA Dam,CHEN Zhanqing.Mechanical behavior of groundwater seepage in karst collapse pillars[J].Engineering Geology,2013,164:101-106.
[18]孙强,朱术云,张蕊.管道导通型突水特性分析[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2013,21(3):463-470.SUN Qiang,ZHU Shuyun,ZHANG Rui.Analysis on water inrush mechanism of pipeline conduction[J].Journal of Basic Science and Engineering,2013,21(3):463-470.
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[21]胡其志,周辉,肖本林,等.水力作用下顺层岩质边坡稳定性分析[J].岩土力学,2010,31(11):3594-3598.HU Qizhi,ZHOU Hui,XIAO Benlin,et al.Analysis of stability of rock bedded slope under hydraulic pressure[J].Rock and Soil Mechnice,2010,31(11):3594-3598.
[22]刘招伟,何满潮,王树仁.圆梁山隧道岩溶突水机理及防治对策研究[J].岩土力学,2006,27(2):228-232.LIU Zhaowei,HE Manchao,WANG Shuren.Study on karst waterburst mechanism and prevention countermeasures in Yuanliangshan Tunnel[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2006,27(2):228-232.
[23]刘招伟.圆梁山隧道岩溶突水机理及其防治对策[D].北京:中国地质大学工程技术学院,2004:30-41.LIU Zhaowei.Karst waterburst mechanism and prevention countermeasures in Yuanliangshan Tunnel[D].Beijing:China University of Geoscience.School of Engineering and Technology,2004:30-41.
[24]张民庆,刘招伟.圆梁山隧道岩溶突水特征分析[J].岩土工程学报,2005,27(4):422-426.ZHANG Minqing,LIU Zhaowei.The analysis on the features of karst water burst in the Yuanliangshan tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical and Engineering,2005,27(4):422-426.
[25]王树仁,何满潮,刘招伟.岩溶隧道突水灾变过程分析及控制技术[J].北京科技大学学报,2006,28(7):613-618.WANG Shuren,HE Manchao,LIU Zhaowei.Analysis on the process of water burst catastrophe and it’s prevention countermeasures in a karst tunnel[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing,2006,28(7):613-618.
[2]钱七虎.地下工程建设安全面临的挑战与对策[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(10):1945-1956.QIAN Qihu.Challenges faced by underground projects construction safety and counter measures[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(10):1945-1956.
[3]LI Xiaodong,LIU Congqiang,HARUE M,et al.The use of environmental isotopic(C,Sr,S)and hydrochemical tracers to characterize anthropogenic effects on karst groundwater quality:a case study of the Shuicheng Basin,SW China[J].Applied Geochemistry,2010,25(12):1924-1936.
[4]ZHAO Yong,LI Pengfei,TIAN Siming.Prevention and treatment technologies of railway tunnel water inrush and mud gushing in China[J].Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering,2013,5(6):468-477.
[5]HUANG Fu,ZHAO Lianheng,LING Tonghua,et al.Rock mass collapse mechanism of concealed karst cave beneath deep tunnel[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2017,91:133-138.
[6]李术才,刘斌,孙怀凤,等.隧道施工超前地质预报研究现状及发展趋势[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(6):1090-1113.LI Shucai,LIU Bin,SUN Huaifeng,et al.State of art and trend of advanced geological prediction in tunnel construction[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(6):1090-1113.
[7]LI Liping,ZHOU Zongqing,LI Shucai,et al.An attribute synthetic evaluation system for risk assessment of floor water inrush in coal mines[J].Mine Water and the Environment,2015,34:288-294.
[8]LI Liping,LEI Ting,LI Shucai,et al.Dynamic risk assessment of water inrush in tunnelling and software development[J].Geomechanics and Engineering,2015,9(1):57-81.
[9]李术才,王康,李利平,等.岩溶隧道突水灾害形成机理及发展趋势[J].力学学报,2017,49(1):22-30.LI Shucai,WANG Kang,LI Liping,et al.Mechanical mechanism and development trend of water-inrush disasters in karst tunnels[J].Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics,2017,49(1):22-30.
[10]李利平.高风险岩溶隧道突水灾变演化机理及其应用研究[D].济南:山东大学土建与水利学院,2009:79-86.LI Liping.Study on catastrophe evolution mechanism of karst water inrush and its engineering application of high risk karst tunnel[D].Jinan:Shandong University.School of Civil Engineering,2009:79-86.
[11]吴兴杰.隧道充填型岩溶管道渗流突水灾变机理研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学力学与土木工程学院,2017:1-2.WU Xingjie.Study on mechanism of seepage and water-inrush from filled karst conduit in tunnel[D].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology.School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering,2017:1-2.
[12]石少帅.深长隧道充填型致灾构造渗透失稳突涌水机理与风险控制及工程应用[D].济南:山东大学土建与水利学院,2014:1-4.SHI Shaoshuai.Study on seepage failure mechanism and risk control of water inrush induced by filled disaster struture in deeep-long tunnel and engineering application[D].Jinan:Shandong University.School of Civil Engineering,2014:1-4.
[13]周毅,李术才,李利平,等.地下工程流-固耦合试验新技术及其在充填型岩溶管道突水模型试验中的应用[J].岩土工程学报,2015,37(7):1232-1240.ZHOU Yi,LI Shucai,LI Liping,et al.New technology for fluid-solid coupling tests of underground engineering and tts application in experimental simulation of water inrush in filled-type karst conduit[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical and Engineering,2015,37(7):1232-1240.
[14]周毅,李术才,李利平,等.隧道充填型岩溶管道渗透失稳突水机制三维流-固耦合模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(9):1739-1749.ZHOU Yi,LI Shucai,LI Liping,et al.3D fluid-solid coupling model test on seepage failure water-inrush mechanism of filled-type karst conduit in deep large tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(9):1739-1749.
[15]CHU Vietthuc.公路隧道充填型岩溶管道突水灾变机理及演化过程数值分析[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2016,47(12):4173-4180.CHU Vietthuc.Mechanism on water inrush disaster of filling karst piping and numerical analysis of evolutionary process in highway tunnel[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2016,47(12):4173-4180.
[16]周宗青.隧道充填型致灾构造突水突泥灾变演化机理及工程应用[D].济南:山东大学土建与水利学院,2016:79-168.ZHOU Zongqing.Evolutionary mechanism of water inrush through filling structures in tunnels and engineering applications[D].Jinan:Shandong University.School of Civil Engineering,2016:79-168.
[17]BAI Haibo,MA Dam,CHEN Zhanqing.Mechanical behavior of groundwater seepage in karst collapse pillars[J].Engineering Geology,2013,164:101-106.
[18]孙强,朱术云,张蕊.管道导通型突水特性分析[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2013,21(3):463-470.SUN Qiang,ZHU Shuyun,ZHANG Rui.Analysis on water inrush mechanism of pipeline conduction[J].Journal of Basic Science and Engineering,2013,21(3):463-470.
[19]BRAY J W,HOEK E.Rock slope engineering[M].3rd ed.London,UK:Institution of Mining and Metallurgy,1981:358.
[20]刘才华,徐健,曹传林,等.岩质边坡水力驱动型顺层滑移破坏机制分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(19):3529-3533.LIU Caihua,XU Jian,CAO Chuanlin,et al.Analysis of bedding-slip failure mechanism of rock slope due to hydraulic drive[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(19):3529-3533.
[21]胡其志,周辉,肖本林,等.水力作用下顺层岩质边坡稳定性分析[J].岩土力学,2010,31(11):3594-3598.HU Qizhi,ZHOU Hui,XIAO Benlin,et al.Analysis of stability of rock bedded slope under hydraulic pressure[J].Rock and Soil Mechnice,2010,31(11):3594-3598.
[22]刘招伟,何满潮,王树仁.圆梁山隧道岩溶突水机理及防治对策研究[J].岩土力学,2006,27(2):228-232.LIU Zhaowei,HE Manchao,WANG Shuren.Study on karst waterburst mechanism and prevention countermeasures in Yuanliangshan Tunnel[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2006,27(2):228-232.
[23]刘招伟.圆梁山隧道岩溶突水机理及其防治对策[D].北京:中国地质大学工程技术学院,2004:30-41.LIU Zhaowei.Karst waterburst mechanism and prevention countermeasures in Yuanliangshan Tunnel[D].Beijing:China University of Geoscience.School of Engineering and Technology,2004:30-41.
[24]张民庆,刘招伟.圆梁山隧道岩溶突水特征分析[J].岩土工程学报,2005,27(4):422-426.ZHANG Minqing,LIU Zhaowei.The analysis on the features of karst water burst in the Yuanliangshan tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical and Engineering,2005,27(4):422-426.
[25]王树仁,何满潮,刘招伟.岩溶隧道突水灾变过程分析及控制技术[J].北京科技大学学报,2006,28(7):613-618.WANG Shuren,HE Manchao,LIU Zhaowei.Analysis on the process of water burst catastrophe and it’s prevention countermeasures in a karst tunnel[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing,2006,28(7):613-618.