离线三维数字城市系统的研究与应用
|
摘要
在没有互联网的条件下,三维数字城市系统无法便捷地在本地运行,无法满足用户需要实时显示和交互的要求。文中对OSGEarth三维地球引擎技术、离线三维数据库技术和地理数据组织管理进行研究,采用LOD与分页、四叉树动态调度等技术对离线数据进行无缝集成,采用Qt平台,构建离线三维数字城市系统,实现在离线状态下大规模三维场景实时漫游、空间数据交互和系统的移植。通过实验证明了三维数据显示的完整性和空间信息访问的高效性,较好地解决了三维数字城市离线状态下,数据的组织、集成、优化和高效访问等问题,为离线三维GIS方面的研究提供了一种新的技术。
The 3D digital city system cannot run conveniently in the local under the condition of no internet,which cannot satisfy users′ requirements of real-time display and interaction. The OSGEarth 3D earth engine technology,offline 3D database technology,and geographic data organization and management are researched in this paper. The seamless integration is conducted for offline data by using LOD and paging,quad-tree dynamic scheduling and other technologies. The offline 3D digital city system is established by using the Qt platform,so as to realize real-time roaming of the large-scale 3D scene in offline state,spatial data interaction and system transplantation. The completeness of the 3D data display and high-efficiency of spatial information access are demonstrated by the experiment,which can solve the problems of data organization,integration,optimization,and high-efficient access for the 3D digital city system in offline state,and provide a new technology for the research of offline 3D GIS.
The 3D digital city system cannot run conveniently in the local under the condition of no internet,which cannot satisfy users′ requirements of real-time display and interaction. The OSGEarth 3D earth engine technology,offline 3D database technology,and geographic data organization and management are researched in this paper. The seamless integration is conducted for offline data by using LOD and paging,quad-tree dynamic scheduling and other technologies. The offline 3D digital city system is established by using the Qt platform,so as to realize real-time roaming of the large-scale 3D scene in offline state,spatial data interaction and system transplantation. The completeness of the 3D data display and high-efficiency of spatial information access are demonstrated by the experiment,which can solve the problems of data organization,integration,optimization,and high-efficient access for the 3D digital city system in offline state,and provide a new technology for the research of offline 3D GIS.
引文
[1]温馨,罗侃,陈荣国.基于Shark/Spark的分布式空间数据分析框架[J].地球信息科学学报,2015,17(4):401-407.WEN Xin,LUO Kan,CHEN Rongguo. A framework of distributed spatial data analysis based on Shark/Spark[J]. Journal of geo-information science,2015,17(4):401-407.
[2]应申,靳凤攒,李霖,等.基于ArcGIS Engine的矢量数据分层分块技术研究[J].测绘地理信息,2014,39(6):50-53.YING Shen,JIN Fengzan,LI Lin,et al. Hierarchical block of vector data based on ArcGIS engine[J]. Journal of geomatics,2014,39(6):50-53.
[3]罗安平,魏斌,杨春成,等.Android平台的多尺度地理信息三维显示技术[J].测绘科学技术学报,2014,31(1):107-110.LUO Anping,WEI Bin,YANG Chuncheng,et al. Multi-scale three-dimensional display of geographic information based on Android[J]. Journal of geomatics science and technology,2014,31(1):107-110.
[4]郭海青.数字城市地理空间框架建设项目三维城市模型建设技术研究[J].测绘通报,2013(4):86-87.GUO Haiqing. Research on 3D urban modeling method of the digital city geospatial framework construction[J]. Bulletin of surveying and mapping,2013(4):86-87.
[5]李锋,明镜,王昌翰.移动终端离线电子地图应用框架研究[J].测绘科学,2013,38(6):129-130.LI Feng,MING Jing,WANG Changhan. Application framework of offline electronic map on mobile device[J]. Science of surveying and mapping,2013,38(6):129-130.
[6]胡章杰,张艺.BIM在三维数字城市中的集成与应用研究[J].北京测绘,2015(6):21-25.HU Zhangjie,ZHANG Yi. Research on the integration and application of BIM in 3D digital city[J]. Beijing surveying and mapping,2015(6):21-25.
[7]吴良波,金连甫.离线应用本地数据存储设计与实现[J].计算机工程与设计,2010,31(6):1236-1239.WU Liangbo,JIN Lianfu. Design and implementation of local data storage for offline application[J]. Computer engineering and design,2010,31(6):1236-1239.
[8]许捍卫,范小虎,任家勇,等.基于SketchUp和ArcGIS的城市三维可视化研究[J].测绘通报,2010(3):52-54.XU Hanwei,FAN Xiaohu,REN Jiayong,et al. Research on3D visualization of digital city based on SketchUp and ArcGIS[J]. Bulletin of surveying and mapping,2010(3):52-54.
[9]周圣川,胡振彪,马纯永,等.海滨城市三维场景的混合图元渲染方法[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2016,46(1):138-144.ZHOU Shengchuan,HU Zhenbiao,MA Chunyong,et al. A hybrid rendering approach for 3D seaside urban scenes visualization[J]. Periodical of Ocean University of China,2016,46(1):138-144.
[10]于艳超,许捍卫,吴小东.基于OSGEarth的城市三维地物模型组织与调度研究[J].测绘与空间地理信息,2014,37(11):63-67.YU Yanchao,XU Hanwei,WU Xiaodong. Research of the organization and scheduling of feature model of urban three-dimensional based OSGEarth[J]. Geomatics&spatial information technology,2014,37(11):63-67.
[11]赵庆展,靳光才,周文杰,等.基于移动GIS的棉田病虫害信息采集系统[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(4):183-190.ZHAO Qingzhan,JIN Guangcai,ZHOU Wenjie,et al. Information collection system for diseases and pests in cotton field based on mobile GIS[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2015,31(4):183-190.
[12] LIANG J,GONG J,LI W,et al. Visualizing 3D atmospheric data with spherical volume texture on virtual globes[J]. Computers&geosciences,2014,68:81-91.
[13] PEREZ D,MAZA I,CABALLERO F,et al. A ground control station for a multi-UAV surveillance system[J]. Journal of intelligent&robotic systems,2013,69(1):119-130.
[14] REN Y,LI G,ZHOU W,et al. A survey of recommendation techniques based on offline data processing[J]. Concurrency and computation:practice and experience,2015,27(15):3915-3942.
[2]应申,靳凤攒,李霖,等.基于ArcGIS Engine的矢量数据分层分块技术研究[J].测绘地理信息,2014,39(6):50-53.YING Shen,JIN Fengzan,LI Lin,et al. Hierarchical block of vector data based on ArcGIS engine[J]. Journal of geomatics,2014,39(6):50-53.
[3]罗安平,魏斌,杨春成,等.Android平台的多尺度地理信息三维显示技术[J].测绘科学技术学报,2014,31(1):107-110.LUO Anping,WEI Bin,YANG Chuncheng,et al. Multi-scale three-dimensional display of geographic information based on Android[J]. Journal of geomatics science and technology,2014,31(1):107-110.
[4]郭海青.数字城市地理空间框架建设项目三维城市模型建设技术研究[J].测绘通报,2013(4):86-87.GUO Haiqing. Research on 3D urban modeling method of the digital city geospatial framework construction[J]. Bulletin of surveying and mapping,2013(4):86-87.
[5]李锋,明镜,王昌翰.移动终端离线电子地图应用框架研究[J].测绘科学,2013,38(6):129-130.LI Feng,MING Jing,WANG Changhan. Application framework of offline electronic map on mobile device[J]. Science of surveying and mapping,2013,38(6):129-130.
[6]胡章杰,张艺.BIM在三维数字城市中的集成与应用研究[J].北京测绘,2015(6):21-25.HU Zhangjie,ZHANG Yi. Research on the integration and application of BIM in 3D digital city[J]. Beijing surveying and mapping,2015(6):21-25.
[7]吴良波,金连甫.离线应用本地数据存储设计与实现[J].计算机工程与设计,2010,31(6):1236-1239.WU Liangbo,JIN Lianfu. Design and implementation of local data storage for offline application[J]. Computer engineering and design,2010,31(6):1236-1239.
[8]许捍卫,范小虎,任家勇,等.基于SketchUp和ArcGIS的城市三维可视化研究[J].测绘通报,2010(3):52-54.XU Hanwei,FAN Xiaohu,REN Jiayong,et al. Research on3D visualization of digital city based on SketchUp and ArcGIS[J]. Bulletin of surveying and mapping,2010(3):52-54.
[9]周圣川,胡振彪,马纯永,等.海滨城市三维场景的混合图元渲染方法[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2016,46(1):138-144.ZHOU Shengchuan,HU Zhenbiao,MA Chunyong,et al. A hybrid rendering approach for 3D seaside urban scenes visualization[J]. Periodical of Ocean University of China,2016,46(1):138-144.
[10]于艳超,许捍卫,吴小东.基于OSGEarth的城市三维地物模型组织与调度研究[J].测绘与空间地理信息,2014,37(11):63-67.YU Yanchao,XU Hanwei,WU Xiaodong. Research of the organization and scheduling of feature model of urban three-dimensional based OSGEarth[J]. Geomatics&spatial information technology,2014,37(11):63-67.
[11]赵庆展,靳光才,周文杰,等.基于移动GIS的棉田病虫害信息采集系统[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(4):183-190.ZHAO Qingzhan,JIN Guangcai,ZHOU Wenjie,et al. Information collection system for diseases and pests in cotton field based on mobile GIS[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2015,31(4):183-190.
[12] LIANG J,GONG J,LI W,et al. Visualizing 3D atmospheric data with spherical volume texture on virtual globes[J]. Computers&geosciences,2014,68:81-91.
[13] PEREZ D,MAZA I,CABALLERO F,et al. A ground control station for a multi-UAV surveillance system[J]. Journal of intelligent&robotic systems,2013,69(1):119-130.
[14] REN Y,LI G,ZHOU W,et al. A survey of recommendation techniques based on offline data processing[J]. Concurrency and computation:practice and experience,2015,27(15):3915-3942.