干热河谷稀树灌丛优势植物叶片热值及养分特征
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摘要
为了解我国西南干热河谷地区特殊生境下稀树灌丛的热值和养分特征,探讨该地区不同生活型植物的热值和养分的差异,以云南省元江干热河谷稀树灌丛8种优势植物为研究对象,观测其热值、灰分及养分特征。结果表明:元江干热河谷8种优势植物叶的去灰分热值平均值为20.21 k J·g-1,其大小顺序为细基丸>白皮乌口树>心叶木>厚皮树>虾子花>马松子>扭黄茅>锈色蛛毛苣苔。不同生活型中,去灰分热值为乔木(21.23 k J·g-1)>灌木(20.56 k J·g-1)>草本(18.84 k J·g-1),灰分含量为草本(40.30%)>乔木(7.74%)>灌木(6.97%)。相关性分析表明,植物热值与全C、全N、全P、全K和全S含量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与全Ca和灰分含量呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),说明3种生活型植物的热值与养分密切相关。元江干热河谷植物生长高效的叶片,能够有效利用充足的光照、有限的养分,积累较高的热值,具有较强的适应能力。
Eight dominant savanna plant species in the dry-hot valley of the Yuanjiang River,Yunnan Province,were studied to determine their caloric value,ash content,and nutrient characteristics. The results showed that the average gross caloric value( GCV) of these plants was 20.21 k J·g-1. The eight dominant plant species in the Yuanjiang River dry-hot valley were ranked based on their GCV in the following order: Polyalthia cerasoides > Tarenna depauperata > Haldina cordifolia > Lannea coromandelica >Woodfordia fruticose>Melochia corchorifolia>Heteropogon contortus>Paraboea rufescens. Among the plants with different life-forms,the GCV was the highest in trees( 21.23 k J·g-1),intermediate in shrubs( 20.56 k J·g-1),and the lowest in herbs( 18.84 k J·g-1),while the ash content was the highest in herbs( 40.30%),intermediate in trees( 7.74%),and the lowest in shrubs( 6.97%). Correlation analyses showed that plant calorific value was significantly positively correlated with the total content of C,N,P,K and S( P<0.01),while it was significantly negatively correlated with the total Ca and ash content( P<0.01). The calorific value of trees,shrubs,and herbs were closely related to their nutrient contents. Sufficient sunlight and limited nutrients can be effectively used by the leaves of plants growing in the dry-hot valley of Yuanjiang to allow them to accumulate high-calorific-value tissues. This demonstrates their strong adaptability,and provides a reference for this area that is important for its ecological recovery.
Eight dominant savanna plant species in the dry-hot valley of the Yuanjiang River,Yunnan Province,were studied to determine their caloric value,ash content,and nutrient characteristics. The results showed that the average gross caloric value( GCV) of these plants was 20.21 k J·g-1. The eight dominant plant species in the Yuanjiang River dry-hot valley were ranked based on their GCV in the following order: Polyalthia cerasoides > Tarenna depauperata > Haldina cordifolia > Lannea coromandelica >Woodfordia fruticose>Melochia corchorifolia>Heteropogon contortus>Paraboea rufescens. Among the plants with different life-forms,the GCV was the highest in trees( 21.23 k J·g-1),intermediate in shrubs( 20.56 k J·g-1),and the lowest in herbs( 18.84 k J·g-1),while the ash content was the highest in herbs( 40.30%),intermediate in trees( 7.74%),and the lowest in shrubs( 6.97%). Correlation analyses showed that plant calorific value was significantly positively correlated with the total content of C,N,P,K and S( P<0.01),while it was significantly negatively correlated with the total Ca and ash content( P<0.01). The calorific value of trees,shrubs,and herbs were closely related to their nutrient contents. Sufficient sunlight and limited nutrients can be effectively used by the leaves of plants growing in the dry-hot valley of Yuanjiang to allow them to accumulate high-calorific-value tissues. This demonstrates their strong adaptability,and provides a reference for this area that is important for its ecological recovery.
引文
[1]鲍雅静,李政海,韩兴国,等.植物热值及其生物生态学属性[J].生态学杂志,2006,25(9):1 095-1 103.
[2]林鹏,林光辉.几种红树植物的热值和灰分含量研究[J].植物生态学与地植物学学报,1991,15(2):114-120.
[3]MARSCHNER H. Marschner's mineral nutrition of higher plants[M]. 3rd ed. London:Academic Press,2011.
[4]徐永荣,张万均,冯宗炜,等.天津滨海盐渍土上几种植物的热值和元素含量及其相关性[J].生态学报,2003,23(2):450-455.
[5]LONG F L. Application of calorimetric methods to ecological research[J]. Plant Physiology,1934,9(2):323-337.
[6]GOLLEY F B. Energy values of ecological materials[J]. Ecology,1961,42(3):581-584.
[7]杨福囤,何海菊.高寒草甸地区常见植物热值的初步研究[J].植物生态学与地植物学丛刊,1983,7(4):280-288.
[8]龙瑞军,徐长林,胡自治,等.天祝高山草原15种饲用灌木的热值及季节动态[J].生态学杂志,1993,12(5):13-16.
[9]林华,曹敏,张建侯.中国西南地区热带季节雨林及山地常绿阔叶林热值及能量分配格局[J].植物生态学报,2007,31(6):1 103-1 110.
[10]叶功富,高伟,陈增鸿,等.滨海沙地主要优势树种凋落物热值与养分特征[J].东北林业大学学报,2014,42(8):57-60.
[11]朱美琴,叶功富,游水生,等.东山岛海岸带季风常绿阔叶林各层次优势种的热值[J].福建农林大学学报(自然科学版),2012,41(3):248-252.
[12]汪洋,苗琳琳,于丹,等.青藏高原3种生活型水生植物的热值及环境的影响[J].植物生态学报,2017,41(2):209-218.
[13]姜汉侨.云南植被分布的特点及其地带规律性[J].云南植物研究,1980,2(1):22-32.
[14]许再富,陶国达,禹平华,等.元江干热河谷山地五百年来植被变迁探讨[J].云南植物研究,1985,7(4):403-412.
[15]金振洲,欧晓昆.元江、怒江、金沙江、澜沧江干热河谷植被[M].昆明:云南大学出版社,2000.
[16]杨国平,巩合德,郑征,等.哀牢山常绿阔叶林优势树种热值与养分特征[J].浙江农林大学学报,2010,27(2):251-258.
[17]陈美玲,上官周平.四种园林植物的热值与养分特征[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(4):747-751.
[18]林益明,林鹏,王通.几种红树植物木材热值和灰分含量的研究[J].应用生态学报,2000,11(2):181-184.
[19]CASSIDA K A,MUIR J P,HUSSEY M A,et al. Biofuel component concentrations and yields of switch grass in south central U. S. environments.(Forage&Grazing Lands)[J]. Crop Science,2005,45(2):682-692.
[20]WHITTAKER R H.群落与生态系统[M].姚壁君,译.北京:科学出版社,1977.
[21]田苗,宋广艳,赵宁,等.亚热带常绿阔叶林和暖温带落叶阔叶林叶片热值比较研究[J].生态学报,2015,35(23):7 709-7 717.
[22]SONG G Y,HOU J H,LI Y,et al. Leaf caloric value from tropical to cold-temperate forests:latitudinal patterns and linkage to productivity[J]. PLoS One,2016,11(6):e0 157 935.
[23]何介南,康文星,王东.不同年龄阶段杉木人工林植物热值分析[J].生态学报,2015,35(2):449-459.
[24]JORDAN C F. Productivity of a tropical forest and its relation to a world pattern of energy storage[J]. Journal of Ecology,1971,59(1):127-142.
[25]黄钰辉,官丽莉,周国逸,等.西双版纳热带季节雨林和哀牢山中山湿性常绿阔叶林优势植物及地表凋落物层的热值[J].植物生态学报,2007,31(3):457-463.
[26]官丽莉,周小勇,罗艳.我国植物热值研究综述[J].生态学杂志,2005,24(4):452-457.
[27]宋广艳,何念鹏,侯继华.中国不同地带性森林乔木叶片热值特征及其影响因素[J].林业科学研究,2016,29(1):133-139.
[28]龙世友,鲍雅静,李政海,等.内蒙古草原67种植物碳含量分析及与热值的关系研究[J].草业学报,2013,22(1):112-119.
[29]杨贵福,邢坤,李耕,等.大叶藻(Zostera marina)的热值和元素含量(碳、氮、磷)及其相关性[J].海洋与湖沼,2015,46(1):212-220.
[30]NEZ-REGUEIRA L,RODRGUEZ-AN J,PROUPN J,et al. Calorimetry as a tool to design campaigns to prevent and fight forest fires originating from shrub species[J]. Thermochimica Acta,2002,394(1/2):279-289.
[31]吴家森,张立钦,吴进才,等.南方红豆杉幼苗营养元素质量分数与分布[J].浙江林学院学报,2008,25(2):195-199.
[32]张和钰,周华荣,叶琴,等.新疆额尔齐斯河流域典型地区优势种灌木的热值[J].水土保持通报,2016,36(5):299-305,311.
[33]林承超.福州鼓山季风常绿阔叶林及其林缘几种植物叶热值和营养成分[J].生态学报,1999,19(6):832-836.
[34]徐永荣,冯宗炜,朱敬恩.武汉和天津园林植物叶片热值比较研究[J].生态学杂志,2004,23(6):11-14.
[35]ZHANG J L,POORTER L,CAO K F. Productive leaf functional traits of Chinese savanna species[J]. Plant Ecology,2012,213(9):1 449-1 460.
[36]张立恒,贾志清,王学全,等.共和盆地15种植物叶片的元素化学计量学特征[J].森林与环境学报,2018,38(2):216-221.
[37]林恬,黄儒珠,郑怀舟,等.福建万木林12种优势植物叶热值与养分特征[J].亚热带资源与环境学报,2010,5(1):34-41.
[38]王金旺,陈秋夏,李效文,等.红树植物秋茄与无瓣海桑叶片热值比较研究[J].湿地科学,2016,14(3):376-381.
[39]SONG G Y,LI Y,ZHANG J H,et al. Significant phylogenetic signal and climate-related trends in leaf caloric value from tropical to cold-temperate forests[J]. Scientific Reports,2016,6:36 674.
[2]林鹏,林光辉.几种红树植物的热值和灰分含量研究[J].植物生态学与地植物学学报,1991,15(2):114-120.
[3]MARSCHNER H. Marschner's mineral nutrition of higher plants[M]. 3rd ed. London:Academic Press,2011.
[4]徐永荣,张万均,冯宗炜,等.天津滨海盐渍土上几种植物的热值和元素含量及其相关性[J].生态学报,2003,23(2):450-455.
[5]LONG F L. Application of calorimetric methods to ecological research[J]. Plant Physiology,1934,9(2):323-337.
[6]GOLLEY F B. Energy values of ecological materials[J]. Ecology,1961,42(3):581-584.
[7]杨福囤,何海菊.高寒草甸地区常见植物热值的初步研究[J].植物生态学与地植物学丛刊,1983,7(4):280-288.
[8]龙瑞军,徐长林,胡自治,等.天祝高山草原15种饲用灌木的热值及季节动态[J].生态学杂志,1993,12(5):13-16.
[9]林华,曹敏,张建侯.中国西南地区热带季节雨林及山地常绿阔叶林热值及能量分配格局[J].植物生态学报,2007,31(6):1 103-1 110.
[10]叶功富,高伟,陈增鸿,等.滨海沙地主要优势树种凋落物热值与养分特征[J].东北林业大学学报,2014,42(8):57-60.
[11]朱美琴,叶功富,游水生,等.东山岛海岸带季风常绿阔叶林各层次优势种的热值[J].福建农林大学学报(自然科学版),2012,41(3):248-252.
[12]汪洋,苗琳琳,于丹,等.青藏高原3种生活型水生植物的热值及环境的影响[J].植物生态学报,2017,41(2):209-218.
[13]姜汉侨.云南植被分布的特点及其地带规律性[J].云南植物研究,1980,2(1):22-32.
[14]许再富,陶国达,禹平华,等.元江干热河谷山地五百年来植被变迁探讨[J].云南植物研究,1985,7(4):403-412.
[15]金振洲,欧晓昆.元江、怒江、金沙江、澜沧江干热河谷植被[M].昆明:云南大学出版社,2000.
[16]杨国平,巩合德,郑征,等.哀牢山常绿阔叶林优势树种热值与养分特征[J].浙江农林大学学报,2010,27(2):251-258.
[17]陈美玲,上官周平.四种园林植物的热值与养分特征[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(4):747-751.
[18]林益明,林鹏,王通.几种红树植物木材热值和灰分含量的研究[J].应用生态学报,2000,11(2):181-184.
[19]CASSIDA K A,MUIR J P,HUSSEY M A,et al. Biofuel component concentrations and yields of switch grass in south central U. S. environments.(Forage&Grazing Lands)[J]. Crop Science,2005,45(2):682-692.
[20]WHITTAKER R H.群落与生态系统[M].姚壁君,译.北京:科学出版社,1977.
[21]田苗,宋广艳,赵宁,等.亚热带常绿阔叶林和暖温带落叶阔叶林叶片热值比较研究[J].生态学报,2015,35(23):7 709-7 717.
[22]SONG G Y,HOU J H,LI Y,et al. Leaf caloric value from tropical to cold-temperate forests:latitudinal patterns and linkage to productivity[J]. PLoS One,2016,11(6):e0 157 935.
[23]何介南,康文星,王东.不同年龄阶段杉木人工林植物热值分析[J].生态学报,2015,35(2):449-459.
[24]JORDAN C F. Productivity of a tropical forest and its relation to a world pattern of energy storage[J]. Journal of Ecology,1971,59(1):127-142.
[25]黄钰辉,官丽莉,周国逸,等.西双版纳热带季节雨林和哀牢山中山湿性常绿阔叶林优势植物及地表凋落物层的热值[J].植物生态学报,2007,31(3):457-463.
[26]官丽莉,周小勇,罗艳.我国植物热值研究综述[J].生态学杂志,2005,24(4):452-457.
[27]宋广艳,何念鹏,侯继华.中国不同地带性森林乔木叶片热值特征及其影响因素[J].林业科学研究,2016,29(1):133-139.
[28]龙世友,鲍雅静,李政海,等.内蒙古草原67种植物碳含量分析及与热值的关系研究[J].草业学报,2013,22(1):112-119.
[29]杨贵福,邢坤,李耕,等.大叶藻(Zostera marina)的热值和元素含量(碳、氮、磷)及其相关性[J].海洋与湖沼,2015,46(1):212-220.
[30]NEZ-REGUEIRA L,RODRGUEZ-AN J,PROUPN J,et al. Calorimetry as a tool to design campaigns to prevent and fight forest fires originating from shrub species[J]. Thermochimica Acta,2002,394(1/2):279-289.
[31]吴家森,张立钦,吴进才,等.南方红豆杉幼苗营养元素质量分数与分布[J].浙江林学院学报,2008,25(2):195-199.
[32]张和钰,周华荣,叶琴,等.新疆额尔齐斯河流域典型地区优势种灌木的热值[J].水土保持通报,2016,36(5):299-305,311.
[33]林承超.福州鼓山季风常绿阔叶林及其林缘几种植物叶热值和营养成分[J].生态学报,1999,19(6):832-836.
[34]徐永荣,冯宗炜,朱敬恩.武汉和天津园林植物叶片热值比较研究[J].生态学杂志,2004,23(6):11-14.
[35]ZHANG J L,POORTER L,CAO K F. Productive leaf functional traits of Chinese savanna species[J]. Plant Ecology,2012,213(9):1 449-1 460.
[36]张立恒,贾志清,王学全,等.共和盆地15种植物叶片的元素化学计量学特征[J].森林与环境学报,2018,38(2):216-221.
[37]林恬,黄儒珠,郑怀舟,等.福建万木林12种优势植物叶热值与养分特征[J].亚热带资源与环境学报,2010,5(1):34-41.
[38]王金旺,陈秋夏,李效文,等.红树植物秋茄与无瓣海桑叶片热值比较研究[J].湿地科学,2016,14(3):376-381.
[39]SONG G Y,LI Y,ZHANG J H,et al. Significant phylogenetic signal and climate-related trends in leaf caloric value from tropical to cold-temperate forests[J]. Scientific Reports,2016,6:36 674.