不同稀土掺杂固体渗铬对Cr-RE渗层结构及性能的影响
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摘要
目的改善GCr15轴承钢的表面性能,以满足其在重载恶劣工况下服役的要求。方法采用固体包埋法对GCr15轴承钢进行渗铬处理,通过添加不同的稀土氧化物La_2O_3、Y_2O_3和Ce O_2,获得三种Cr-RE渗层。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、能谱仪(EDS)、显微维氏硬度计、Rockwell-C硬度计及球-盘式摩擦磨损试验机,对Cr-RE渗层的表面形貌、截面形貌、物相组成、渗层成分、显微硬度、结合强度和摩擦磨损性能分别进行表征。结果不同稀土元素添加都能在GCr15轴承钢表面形成一层致密、连续的稀土改性渗铬层,其厚度为10μm,其中Cr-La渗层韧性和结合强度最好,其压痕等级为HF1。Cr-RE渗层主要由Cr_7C_3、Cr_2C和(Cr,Fe)_7C_3等相组成。Cr-RE渗层能显著提高基体表面硬度,其中Cr-Y渗层表面硬度最大可达1520 HV。三种Cr-RE渗层均有提高耐磨性和减摩作用,其中Cr-La渗层具有最好的摩擦学性能,其平均摩擦系数为0.4714,磨损率为4.4806×10~(-7 )mm~3/(N?m),其磨损机理为粘着转移和氧化磨损。结论稀土掺杂渗铬能有效改善渗铬层的韧性和耐磨性,其中Cr-La渗层综合性能最好。
Thework aims to improve the surface properties of GCr15 bearing steel to meet the service requirements under severe load conditions.The chromizing treatment was conducted on GCr15 bearing steel surface by pack cementation.Three kinds of Cr-RE chromizing coatings were obtained by adding different rare earth oxides(such as La_2O_3,Y_2O_3 and CeO_2).The surface and cross-section morphologies,phase composition,chromizing coating composition,microhardness,bond strength and friction and wear properties of the Cr-RE coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),Energy Dispersive Spectrometer(EDS),Micro Vickers tester,Rockwell-C hardness tester and ball-on-disc wear tester.From the results,the addition of any rare earth could form a uniform,continuous and compact rare earth modified chromizing coating with thickness of 10μm on the surface of GCr15 bearing steel.The Cr-La coating had the best toughness and adhesion,and its indentation grade was HF1.The coatings were mainly composed of Cr_7C_3,Cr_2C and(Cr,Fe)_7C_3.The Cr-RE coating significantly increased the surface hardness,and the Cr-Y coating had the highest surface hardness of 1520HV.These three Cr-RE coatings could improve friction and wear resistance.The Cr-La coating showed the best tribological properties with average friction coefficient of 0.4714 and wear rate of 4.4806×10~(-7 )mm~3/(N?m)and the wear mechanism was adhesion transfer and oxidation wear.Chromizing doped with rare earth can improve the toughness and wear resistance of the chromizing layer and Cr-La coating has the best comprehensive performance.
Thework aims to improve the surface properties of GCr15 bearing steel to meet the service requirements under severe load conditions.The chromizing treatment was conducted on GCr15 bearing steel surface by pack cementation.Three kinds of Cr-RE chromizing coatings were obtained by adding different rare earth oxides(such as La_2O_3,Y_2O_3 and CeO_2).The surface and cross-section morphologies,phase composition,chromizing coating composition,microhardness,bond strength and friction and wear properties of the Cr-RE coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),Energy Dispersive Spectrometer(EDS),Micro Vickers tester,Rockwell-C hardness tester and ball-on-disc wear tester.From the results,the addition of any rare earth could form a uniform,continuous and compact rare earth modified chromizing coating with thickness of 10μm on the surface of GCr15 bearing steel.The Cr-La coating had the best toughness and adhesion,and its indentation grade was HF1.The coatings were mainly composed of Cr_7C_3,Cr_2C and(Cr,Fe)_7C_3.The Cr-RE coating significantly increased the surface hardness,and the Cr-Y coating had the highest surface hardness of 1520HV.These three Cr-RE coatings could improve friction and wear resistance.The Cr-La coating showed the best tribological properties with average friction coefficient of 0.4714 and wear rate of 4.4806×10~(-7 )mm~3/(N?m)and the wear mechanism was adhesion transfer and oxidation wear.Chromizing doped with rare earth can improve the toughness and wear resistance of the chromizing layer and Cr-La coating has the best comprehensive performance.
引文
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[17]CHENG Liang, LI Qiang, DONG Xian-feng, et al. Effect of yttrium on microstructure of V-5Cr-5Ti alloys prepared by powder metallurgy[J]. Materials science&engineering of powder metallurgy, 2015, 20(1):14-18.
[18]张垒,孔德军.Cr12Mo V冷作模具钢渗铬层界面能谱分析[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版), 2016(2):430-435.ZHANG Lei, KONG De-jun. Energy spectrum analysis of chromizedcoatinginterfaceforCr12MoVcoldworking diesteel[J].Journalofcentralsouthuniversity,2016(2):430-435.
[19]WANG Z B, LU J, LU K. Wear and corrosion properties ofalowcarbonsteelprocessedbymeansofSMATfollowedbylowertemperaturechromizingtreatment[J].Surface&coatings technology, 2006, 201(6):2796-2801.
[20]ARCHARDJF.Contactandrubbingofflatsurfaces[J].Journal of applied physics, 2004, 24(8):981-988.
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[22]SHARMASP,DWIVEDIDK,JAINPK.Effectof La2O3 additiononthemicrostructure,hardnessandabrasive wear behavior of flame sprayed Ni based coatings[J].Wear, 2009, 267(5):853-859.
[23]BASUB,VLEUGELSJ,BIESTOVD.Frettingwear behaviorofTi B2-basedmaterialsagainstbearingsteel under water and oil lubrication[J]. Wear, 2001, 250(1-12):631-641.
[24]KESHRI A K, AGARWAL A. Wear behavior of plasmasprayedcarbonnanotube-reinforcedaluminumoxide coatinginmarineandhigh-temperatureenvironments[J].Journalofthermalspraytechnology,2011,20(6):1217-1230.
[2]熊晓晨.表面处理对GCr15轴承钢服役性能的影响研究[D].宜昌:三峡大学, 2015.XIONG Xiao-chen. Influence of surface treatmenton servicepropertiesofGCr15bearingsteel[D].Yichang:China Three Gorges University, 2015.
[3]LIUHong-xi,TANGBao-yin,WANGLan-ping,etal.Fatigue life and mechanical behaviors of bearing steel by nitrogenplasmaimmersionionimplantation[J].Surface&coatings technology, 2007, 201(9):5273-5277.
[4]李忠文.轴承钢等离子体基钽氮碳多元离子注入层组织及性能研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学, 2011.LIZhong-wen.Microstructureandpropertiesofsurface layersofbearingsteelimplantedwithtantalum,nitrogen andcarbonbyPBII[D].Harbin:HarbinInstituteof Technology, 2011.
[5]WANGMing-e,MAGuo-jia,LIUXing,etal.MorphologyandmechanicalpropertiesofTiNcoatingsprepared withdifferentPVDmethods[J].Raremetalmaterials&engineering, 2016, 45(12):3080-3084.
[6]BOBZINK,LUGSCHEIDERE,MAESM,etal.High-performancechromiumaluminiumnitridePVD coatingsonrollerbearings[J].Surface&coatingstechnology, 2004, 188(1):649-654.
[7]MENGJun-sheng,JIZe-sheng.Effectofdifferentfillers onoxidationbehavioroflow-temperaturechromizing coating[J].Transactionsofnonferrousmetalssocietyof China, 2014, 24(6):1785-1790.
[8]BIESUZM,SGLAVOVM.Chromiumandvanadium carbide and nitride coatings obtained by TRD techniques on UNI 42CrMoS4(AISI 4140)steel[J]. Surface&coatings technology, 2016, 286:319-326.
[9]ZHOU Y B, CHEN H, ZHANG H, et al. Tion and oxidationofanY2O3-dispersedchromizingcoatingbypack cementation at 800℃[J]. Vacuum, 2008, 82(8):748-753.
[10]LIN Nai-ming, XIE Fa-qin, ZHONG Tao, et al. Influence of adding various rare earths on microstructures and corrosionresistanceofchromizingcoatingspreparedvia pack cementation on P110 steel[J]. Journal of rare earths,2010, 28(2):301-304.
[11]LINNai-ming,XIEFa-qin,YANGHui-jun,etal.AssessmentsonfrictionandwearbehaviorsofP110steel andchromizingcoatingslidingagainsttwocounterparts under dry and wet conditions[J]. Applied surface science,2012, 258(11):4960-4970.
[12]XINGXue-gang,WANGHe-feng,LUPan-na,etal.Influenceofrareearthsonelectrochemicalcorrosionand wearresistanceofRE-Cr/Tipackcoatingsoncemented304stainlesssteel[J].Surface&coatingstechnology,2016, 291:151-160.
[13]邢学刚,杨耀军,卢盼娜,等.添加不同稀土元素对固体包埋法在304不锈钢表面制备Ti/Cr-RE双层涂层电化学性能的影响[J].表面技术, 2015, 44(11):7-13.XINGXue-gang,YANGYao-jun,LUPan-na,etal.Influenceofaddingvariousrareearthelementsonelectrochemical corrosion resistance of Ti/Cr-RE coatings fabricatedon304stainlesssteelbypack cementation[J].Surface technology, 2015, 44(11):7-13.
[14]胡荣耀,梁文萍,缪强,等.TC21钛合金表面等离子渗Cr层的抗热震性能[J].热处理, 2016, 31(1):15-19.HURong-yao,LIANGWen-ping,MIAOQiang,etal.Thermal shock resistance of chromized layer on TC21 alloypreparedbyadoubleglowplasmasurfacealloying technology[J]. Heat treatment, 2016, 31(1):15-19.
[15]潘晓扬,梁文萍,缪强,等.TC21钛合金表面双辉等离子渗Cr层摩擦磨损性能研究[J].热处理, 2015(5):1-5.PANXiao-yang,LIANGWen-ping,MIUQiang,etal.Frictionandwearpropertyofdoubleglowplasma chromizedlayerofTC21titaniumalloy[J].Heattreatment, 2015(5):1-5.
[16]张金柱,杨宗伦,魏可媛.稀土元素在化学热处理中的催渗和扩散机理研究[J].材料导报,2006,20(5):223-225.ZHANGJin-zhu, YANGZong-lun, WEIKe-yuan.Study ofthecatalysisanddiffusionmechanismbyrare earth(RE)elementsduringthethermo-chemicaltreatment[J]. Materials review, 2006, 20(5):223-225.
[17]CHENG Liang, LI Qiang, DONG Xian-feng, et al. Effect of yttrium on microstructure of V-5Cr-5Ti alloys prepared by powder metallurgy[J]. Materials science&engineering of powder metallurgy, 2015, 20(1):14-18.
[18]张垒,孔德军.Cr12Mo V冷作模具钢渗铬层界面能谱分析[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版), 2016(2):430-435.ZHANG Lei, KONG De-jun. Energy spectrum analysis of chromizedcoatinginterfaceforCr12MoVcoldworking diesteel[J].Journalofcentralsouthuniversity,2016(2):430-435.
[19]WANG Z B, LU J, LU K. Wear and corrosion properties ofalowcarbonsteelprocessedbymeansofSMATfollowedbylowertemperaturechromizingtreatment[J].Surface&coatings technology, 2006, 201(6):2796-2801.
[20]ARCHARDJF.Contactandrubbingofflatsurfaces[J].Journal of applied physics, 2004, 24(8):981-988.
[21]潘晓扬,梁文萍,缪强,等.不同温度下TC21钛合金等离子表面渗Cr层的摩擦磨损性能[J].南京航空航天大学学报, 2016, 48(1):35-41.PANXiao-yang,LIANGWen-ping,MIAOQiang,etal.Tribological behavior of plasma chromized layer on TC21alloyatdifferenttemperatures[J].JournalofNanjing UniversityofAeronautics&Astronautics,2016,48(1):35-41.
[22]SHARMASP,DWIVEDIDK,JAINPK.Effectof La2O3 additiononthemicrostructure,hardnessandabrasive wear behavior of flame sprayed Ni based coatings[J].Wear, 2009, 267(5):853-859.
[23]BASUB,VLEUGELSJ,BIESTOVD.Frettingwear behaviorofTi B2-basedmaterialsagainstbearingsteel under water and oil lubrication[J]. Wear, 2001, 250(1-12):631-641.
[24]KESHRI A K, AGARWAL A. Wear behavior of plasmasprayedcarbonnanotube-reinforcedaluminumoxide coatinginmarineandhigh-temperatureenvironments[J].Journalofthermalspraytechnology,2011,20(6):1217-1230.