油砂的光谱反射特征及其遥感应用
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摘要
油砂作为21世纪以来世界能源的重要组成部分,已经有大量的地质工作者对其形成的地质特征、成矿带分布特征等进行了详细研究,并取得一定成果,但是对于遥感在油砂勘探中的应用少有研究。遥感技术识别不同地物的理论基础是同一波长位置处的反射率差异及反射率随波长的变化规律,因此本文通过分析油砂的实测光谱数据,得到其反射光谱的特征及规律。为实现在Landsat 8OLI卫星遥感影像上对油砂的识别,根据油砂实测光谱的研究,分别提出基于油砂光谱特征和相关性分析的Landsat 8遥感影像油砂识别模式,并将其应用在柴达木盆地冷湖和马海两个研究区。结果表明:利用遥感影像进行油砂找矿靶区圈定是可行的;本文总结出的基于相关性分析的油砂提取模式优于光谱特征分析模式;冷湖地区用比值方法进行油砂遥感信息增强效果较好,马海地区则差值方法较好。
Oil sands,as an important part of the world's energy of 21 st century,have been studied by a lot of geological workers on their geological characteristics of formation and distribution of metallogenic belt and so on,rather than remote sensing exploration.The basis of identification of different features by remote sensing technology is the reflectivity difference at the same wavelength position and the variation of reflectivity with wavelength.In this study,the authors got the spectral reflectance characteristics through analyzing the spectral data of oil sands.In order to recognize oil sands on remote sensing satellite image of Landsat 8 OLI,based on the oil spectrum characteristics and the correspondingcorrelation analysis,two recognition models were proposed and applied to the two research areas of Lenghu and Mahai in Qaidam basin.The results show that it is feasible to use remote sensing image to detect oil sands prospecting target area;the oil sands extraction model based on correlation analysis is better than the spectral feature analysis model;the ratio method is better in improving the oil sands remote sensing information in Lenghu area,while the difference method is better in Mahai area.
Oil sands,as an important part of the world's energy of 21 st century,have been studied by a lot of geological workers on their geological characteristics of formation and distribution of metallogenic belt and so on,rather than remote sensing exploration.The basis of identification of different features by remote sensing technology is the reflectivity difference at the same wavelength position and the variation of reflectivity with wavelength.In this study,the authors got the spectral reflectance characteristics through analyzing the spectral data of oil sands.In order to recognize oil sands on remote sensing satellite image of Landsat 8 OLI,based on the oil spectrum characteristics and the correspondingcorrelation analysis,two recognition models were proposed and applied to the two research areas of Lenghu and Mahai in Qaidam basin.The results show that it is feasible to use remote sensing image to detect oil sands prospecting target area;the oil sands extraction model based on correlation analysis is better than the spectral feature analysis model;the ratio method is better in improving the oil sands remote sensing information in Lenghu area,while the difference method is better in Mahai area.
引文
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[16]张宗贵,王润生,郭大海,等.成像光谱岩矿识别方法技术研究和影响因素分析[M].北京:地质出版社,2006.Zhang Zonggui,Wang Runsheng,Guo Dahai,et al.Study on Rock Ore Identification by the Spectral Imaging Technique and Influence Factors Analysis[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2006.
[17]童庆禧.中国典型地物波谱及其特征分析[M].北京:科学出版社,1990.Tong Qingxi.Editorial Board of Spectra and Analysis of Typical Earth Objects of China[M].Beijing:Science Press,1990.
[18]岩石中氯仿沥青的测定:SY/T 5118-2005[S].北京:国家发展和改革委员会,2005.Determination of Bitumen from Rocks by Chloroform Extraction:SY/T 5118-2005[S].Beijing:National Development and Reform Commission,2005.
[19]张玉君.Landsat 8简介[J].国土资源遥感,2013,25(1):176-177.Zhang Yujun.Landsat 8 Brief Introduction[J].Remote Sensing for Land&Resources,2013,25(1):176-177.
[20]尤金凤,邢立新,潘军,等.基于Hyperion数据的油砂分布遥感研究[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2016,46(5):1589-1597.You Jinfeng,Xing Lixin,Pan Jun,et al.Application of Hyperion Hyperspectral Image for Studying on the Distribution of Oil Sands[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2016,46(5):1589-1597.
[2]曹鹏,邹伟宏,戴传瑞,等.油砂研究概述[J].新疆石油地质,2012(6):747-750.Cao Peng,Zou Weihong,Dai Chuanrui,et al.A Review of Oil Sands[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2012(6):747-750.
[3]Rubinstein I,Strausz O P,Spyckerelle C,et al.The Origin of the Oil Sand Bitumens of Alberta:A Chemical and a Microbiological Simulation Study[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1977,41(9):1341-1353.
[4]Desando M A,Lahajnar G,Ripmeester J A,et al.The Low Temperature Oxidation of Athabasca Oil Sand Asphaltene Observed from 13 C,19 F and Pulsed Field Gradient Spin-Echo Proton nmr Spectra[J].Fuel,1999,78(1):31-45.
[5]刘春,张惠良,沈安江,等.川西北地区泥盆系油砂岩地球化学特征及成因[J].石油学报,2010,31(2):253-258.Liu Chun,Zhang Huiliang,Shen Anjiang,et al.Geochemistry Characteristics and Origin of the Devonian Oil-Sandstone in the Northwest of Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2010,31(2):253-258.
[6]Osacky M,Geramian M,Ivey D G,et al.Mineralogical and Chemical Composition of Petrologic End Members of Alberta Oil Sands[J].Fuel,2013,113(11):148-157.
[7]张国珍,龙泉.准噶尔盆地东部北27井区含油砂体的定量解释[J].石油地球物理勘探,1990,25(5):639-644.Zhang Guozhen,Long Quan.Quantitative Interpretation of Oil Sands in North 27 Well Zone in Eastern Junggar Basin[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,1990,25(5):639-644.
[8]Eastwood J.Temperature-Dependent Propagation of P-and S-Waves in Cold Lake Oil Sands:Comparison of Theory and Experiment[J].Geophysics,1993,58(6):863-872.
[9]于福生,王彦华,李学良,等.柴达木盆地狮子沟-油砂山构造带变形特征及成因模拟[J].大地构造与成矿学,2011,35(2):207-215.Yu Fusheng,Wang Yanhua,Li Xueliang,et al.Deformation Characteristics and Genesis Simulation of the Shizigou Youshashan Structural Belt in Qaidamu Basin[J].Geotectonica et Metallogenia,2011,35(2):207-215.
[10]Flach P D.Oil Sands Geology:Athabasca Deposit North[D].Edkmonton:Alberta Research Council,1984.
[11]黄籍中,冉隆辉.四川盆地震旦系灯影灰岩黑色沥青与油气勘探[J].石油学报,1989,40(1):27-36.Huang Jizhong,Ran Longhui.Bitumen and Oil-Gas Exploration in Sinian“Denying Limestone”in Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,1989,40(1):27-36.
[12]王清斌,单玄龙,臧春艳,等.楚雄盆地洒芷油砂地质特征及成藏模式[J].世界地质,2007,26(1):52-57.Wang Qingbin,Shan Xuanlong,Zang Chunyan,et al.Geological Characteristics and Forming Pattern of Sazhi Oil Sand in Chuxiong Basin[J].Global Geology,2007,26(1):52-57.
[13]石勇,侯贵廷,钟尚伦,等.柴达木盆地乌南油田下油砂山组成岩作用研究[J].天然气地球科学,2012,23(5):909-915.Shi Yong,Hou Guiting,Zhong Shanglun,et al.Study on Diagenesis of Lower Youshashan Formation of Wunan Oil Field in Qaidam Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2012,23(5):909-915.
[14]浦瑞良,宫鹏.高光谱遥感及其应用[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.Pu Ruiliang,Gong Peng.Hyperspectral Remote Sensing and Its Applications[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2000.
[15]陈述彭,童庆禧,郭华东.遥感信息机理研究[M].北京:科学出版社,1998.Chen Shupeng,Tong Qingxi,Guo Huadong.Remote Sensing Information Mechanism Research[M].Beijing:Science Press,1998.
[16]张宗贵,王润生,郭大海,等.成像光谱岩矿识别方法技术研究和影响因素分析[M].北京:地质出版社,2006.Zhang Zonggui,Wang Runsheng,Guo Dahai,et al.Study on Rock Ore Identification by the Spectral Imaging Technique and Influence Factors Analysis[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2006.
[17]童庆禧.中国典型地物波谱及其特征分析[M].北京:科学出版社,1990.Tong Qingxi.Editorial Board of Spectra and Analysis of Typical Earth Objects of China[M].Beijing:Science Press,1990.
[18]岩石中氯仿沥青的测定:SY/T 5118-2005[S].北京:国家发展和改革委员会,2005.Determination of Bitumen from Rocks by Chloroform Extraction:SY/T 5118-2005[S].Beijing:National Development and Reform Commission,2005.
[19]张玉君.Landsat 8简介[J].国土资源遥感,2013,25(1):176-177.Zhang Yujun.Landsat 8 Brief Introduction[J].Remote Sensing for Land&Resources,2013,25(1):176-177.
[20]尤金凤,邢立新,潘军,等.基于Hyperion数据的油砂分布遥感研究[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2016,46(5):1589-1597.You Jinfeng,Xing Lixin,Pan Jun,et al.Application of Hyperion Hyperspectral Image for Studying on the Distribution of Oil Sands[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2016,46(5):1589-1597.