3～7岁孤独症谱系障碍儿童的气质特点研究
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摘要
目的研究3~7岁孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童的气质特点,为其识别、干预提供依据。方法选择2012年10月—2013年3月在中山大学附属第三医院儿童发育行为中心确诊的3~7岁的130例ASD儿童,与我国正常同龄儿童气质常模进行对比,对ASD儿童的气质特点进行研究。结果 3~7岁ASD儿童气质以I-E型为主,但所占比例较正常学龄前儿童明显下降。其气质维度明显异于正常同龄儿童(P<0.05);3~7岁ASD儿童的气质类型的性别之间差异明显,男童的反应阈维度得分高(P<0.05),其余气质维度得分无明显性别差异,且反应强度与月龄呈负相关(r=-0.19,P<0.05);3~7岁ASD儿童的适应性、反应强度、心境得分与出生体重负相关(r=-0.26、-0.32、-0.31,P均<0.01)。结论 3~7岁ASD儿童气质维度明显异于正常同龄儿童,对其进行研究可更好地发现以及干预ASD。
Objective To study the temperament characteristics of 3 to 7-year-old children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD),in order to provide references for detection and intervention. Methods A total of 130 ASD children diagnosed in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from October 2012 to March 2013 were selected as participants.And the temperament characteristics of ASD children were compared with the normal. Results The temperament of 3 to7-year-old children with ASD was mainly I-E type,whose proportion in ASD children was significantly lower than that in normal children(P<0.05).Also,the temperament dimensions of 3 to 7-year-old children with ASD significantly differed from normal preschool children(P<0.05).The response threshold score of 3 to 7-year-old boys with ASD was higher(P<0.05).Moreover,the score of response intensity was negatively correlated with month of age(r=-0.19,P<0.05),and the scores of adaptability,response intensity and mood of ASD children were negatively related to birth weight(r=-0.26,-0.32,-0.31,all P<0.01). Conclusion The temperament dimensions of 3 to 7-year-old children with ASD significantly differ from those of normal preschool children,so study on temperament characteristics will facilitate early recognition and intervention of ASD.
Objective To study the temperament characteristics of 3 to 7-year-old children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD),in order to provide references for detection and intervention. Methods A total of 130 ASD children diagnosed in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from October 2012 to March 2013 were selected as participants.And the temperament characteristics of ASD children were compared with the normal. Results The temperament of 3 to7-year-old children with ASD was mainly I-E type,whose proportion in ASD children was significantly lower than that in normal children(P<0.05).Also,the temperament dimensions of 3 to 7-year-old children with ASD significantly differed from normal preschool children(P<0.05).The response threshold score of 3 to 7-year-old boys with ASD was higher(P<0.05).Moreover,the score of response intensity was negatively correlated with month of age(r=-0.19,P<0.05),and the scores of adaptability,response intensity and mood of ASD children were negatively related to birth weight(r=-0.26,-0.32,-0.31,all P<0.01). Conclusion The temperament dimensions of 3 to 7-year-old children with ASD significantly differ from those of normal preschool children,so study on temperament characteristics will facilitate early recognition and intervention of ASD.
引文
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[12]Rivet TT,Matson JL.Review of gender differences in core symptomatology in autism spectrum disorders[J].Res Autism Spect Dis,2011,5(3):957-976.
[13]Frazier TW,Georgiades S,Bishop SL,et al.Behavioral and cognitive characteristics of females and males with autism in the Simons Simplex Collection[J].J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry,2014,53(3):329-340.
[14]Constantino JN,Todd RD.Autistic traits in the general population:a twin study[J].Arch Gen Psychiatry,2003,60(5):524-530.
[15]Baron-Cohen S.The extreme male brain theory of autism[J].Trends in Cognitive Sciences,2002,6(6):248-254.
[16]Gardener H,Spiegelman D,Buka SL.Perinatal and neonatal risk factors for autism:a comprehensive meta-analysis[J].Pediatrics,2011,128(2):344-355.
[2]Mundy PC,Henderson HA,Inge AP,et al.The modifier model of autism and social development in higher functioning children[J].Journal of TASH,2007,32(2):124-139.
[3]Del Rosario M,Gillespie-Lynch K,Johnson S,et al.Parentreported temperament trajectories among infant siblings of children with autism[J].J Autism Dev Disord,2014,44(2):381-393.
[4]张凤,姚凯南,杨玉凤,等.3~7岁儿童气质量表(CPTS)全国城市常模的建立[J].中国儿童保健杂志,1998,6(4):261-263,271.
[5]马欣荣.孤独症儿童气质特征及颜色偏好实验研究[D].银川:宁夏医科大学,2012.
[6]程薇,吕兰秋,钱莹莹,等.宁波市1~6岁儿童孤独症谱系障碍调查[J].预防医学,2016,28(11):1168-1171.
[7]邢艺沛,邹小兵,邓红珠,等.孤独症谱系障碍幼儿的气质特点研究[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2015,23(9):900-902,906.
[8]Brock ME,Freuler A,Baranek GT,et al.Temperament and sensory features of children with autism[J].J Autism Dev Disord,2012,42(11):2271-2284.
[9]Rogers SJ,Hepburn S,Wehner E.Parent reports of sensory symptoms in toddlers with autism and those with other developmental disorders[J].J Autism Dev Disord,2003,33(6):631-642.
[10]Adamek L,Nichols S,Tetenbaum SP,et al.Individual temperament and problem behavior in children with autism spectrum disorders[J].Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities,2011,26(3):173-183.
[11]Rivet TT,Matson JL.Gender differences in core symptomatology in autism spectrum disorders across the lifespan[J].J Dev Phys Disabil,2011,23(5):399-420.
[12]Rivet TT,Matson JL.Review of gender differences in core symptomatology in autism spectrum disorders[J].Res Autism Spect Dis,2011,5(3):957-976.
[13]Frazier TW,Georgiades S,Bishop SL,et al.Behavioral and cognitive characteristics of females and males with autism in the Simons Simplex Collection[J].J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry,2014,53(3):329-340.
[14]Constantino JN,Todd RD.Autistic traits in the general population:a twin study[J].Arch Gen Psychiatry,2003,60(5):524-530.
[15]Baron-Cohen S.The extreme male brain theory of autism[J].Trends in Cognitive Sciences,2002,6(6):248-254.
[16]Gardener H,Spiegelman D,Buka SL.Perinatal and neonatal risk factors for autism:a comprehensive meta-analysis[J].Pediatrics,2011,128(2):344-355.