工程水文学在中国的发展
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摘要
17世纪前,中国先祖对水文现象的观察和对水文循环的理解都处于同时代的世界领先水平。在定量水文学时期,由于未能及时注重并吸取促使科学快速发展的实验范式和理论范式,水文学在中国失去了与世界同步发展的机会。1949年以后,随着中国经济社会的蓬勃发展,特别是大规模水利建设和现代生态文明建设的驱动,在日新月异的现代科技支撑下,中国水文学不仅基本上实现了与世界同步发展,而且在流域水文模型、设计洪水理论和方法等领域取得了一些创新成果。当今正值深度信息化、大数据和智能化时代,仿真范式和数据密集范式正在引发新的科技革命,水文学的发展也进入佳境。未来水文学将是物理水文学、随机水文学、仿真水文学和数据水文学互相补充、融合发展的水文学,其对经济社会发展的支撑作用将会更加凸现。
Before the 17 th century,the observation of hydrological phenomena and the understanding of hydrological cycle by Chinese ancestors were at the contemporary leading level in the world. In the period ofquantitative hydrology,China lost the opportunity to develop hydrology synchronism with the world due tothe failure to pay attention to and absorb the experimental and theoretical paradigms that promote the rapiddevelopment of science. After 1949,with the rapid social and economic development in China,especiallydriven by the large-scale construction of water conservancy and modern ecological civilization,hydrology inChina has not only keep pace development with the world,but also made some innovative achievements insuch fields as watershed hydrological model,and design flood theory and method. Nowadays,in the era ofdeep informatization, big data and intelligence, the simulation paradigm and data-intensive paradigm aretriggering a new scientific and technological revolution, and the development of hydrology has entered agood situation. In the future,physical hydrology,random hydrology,simulation hydrology and data hydrolo?gy will be complementing and integrating development each other,and its supporting role to socioeconomic development will be more prominent.
Before the 17 th century,the observation of hydrological phenomena and the understanding of hydrological cycle by Chinese ancestors were at the contemporary leading level in the world. In the period ofquantitative hydrology,China lost the opportunity to develop hydrology synchronism with the world due tothe failure to pay attention to and absorb the experimental and theoretical paradigms that promote the rapiddevelopment of science. After 1949,with the rapid social and economic development in China,especiallydriven by the large-scale construction of water conservancy and modern ecological civilization,hydrology inChina has not only keep pace development with the world,but also made some innovative achievements insuch fields as watershed hydrological model,and design flood theory and method. Nowadays,in the era ofdeep informatization, big data and intelligence, the simulation paradigm and data-intensive paradigm aretriggering a new scientific and technological revolution, and the development of hydrology has entered agood situation. In the future,physical hydrology,random hydrology,simulation hydrology and data hydrolo?gy will be complementing and integrating development each other,and its supporting role to socioeconomic development will be more prominent.
引文
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[2]陈国达,陈述彭,李希圣,等.中国地学大事典[M].济南:山东科学技术出版社,1992.
[3]骆承政.中国历史大洪水[M].北京:中国书店,2006.
[4] BISWAS A K.水文学史[M].刘国纬译.北京:科学出版社,2007.
[5]芮孝芳.水文学原理[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2013.
[6] FULLER W E. Flood Flows Trans[Z]. ASCE,1914,77:565-617,676-694.
[7] HAZEN A. Discussion on Flood Flows Trans[Z]. ASCE,1914,77:626-632.
[8] ROSS C N. The calculation of flood discharges by a time contour plan[C]//Transactions of the Institution of Engi?neer(Australia). 1921.
[9] CHOW V T. Handbook of Applied Hydrology[M]. NY:McGraw-Hill Book Company,1964.
[10] SHERMAN L K. Stream flow from rainfall by the unit graph method[J]. Engineering News-Record,1932,108:501-505.
[11] HORTON R E. The Role of Infiltration in the Hydrologic Cycle[C]//Transactions of the American GeophysicalUnion,1933.
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[16]文康,金管生,李蝶娟,等.地表径流过程的数学模拟[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1991.
[17]邢贞相,芮孝芳,崔海燕,等.基于AM-MCMC算法的贝叶斯概率洪水预报模型[J].水利学报,2007,38(12):1500-1506.
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[19]长江流域规划办公室.水文预报方法[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1979.
[20]王厥谋.水文情报预报文集[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,2000.
[21]葛守西.现代洪水预报技术[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,1999.
[22] SL250-2000,水文情报预报规范[S].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2000.
[23]程琳,刘全清,张葆华.水文发展历程概述(II)[J].水文,2011,31(2):15-20.
[24]王家祁.中国暴雨[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2002.
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[26]张世法,苏逸深,宋德敦,等.中国历史干旱[M].南京:河海大学出版社,2008.
[27]骆承政.中国历史大洪水调查资料汇编[M].北京:中国书店,2006.
[28]中国科学院水利电力部水利水电科学研究院水文研究所.中国水文图集[M].北京:科学院出版社,1963.
[29]叶永毅,陈志愷.洪水频率分析中历史洪水资料的处理[J].水利学报,1962(1):1-7.
[30]陈家琦.小流域暴雨洪水计算问题[M].北京:中国工业出版社,1966.
[31]詹道江,邹进上.可能最大暴雨与洪水[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1983.
[32]王国安.可能最大暴雨和洪水计算原理与方法[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,1999.
[33]詹道江,谢悦波.古洪水研究及应用[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2000.
[34] SL44-2006,水利水电工程设计洪水计算规范[S].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2002.
[35]水利部水文局.中国水资源评价[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1987.
[36] LINSLEY R K,KOHLER M A,PAULHUS J L H. Hydrology for Engineers[M]. New York:McGraw-Hill,1982.
[37] NASH J E. The Form of the instantaneous unit hydrograph[J]. Intern. Assoc. Sei. Hydrology,1957,45(3):114-121.
[38] DUNNE T,BLACK R D. An experimental investigation of runoff production in permeable soils[J]. Water Re?sources Research,1970,6(2):478-490.
[39] RODRIGUEZ-ITURBE I,VALDES J B. The geomorphologic structure of hydrological response[J]. Water Re?sources Research,1979,15(6):1409-1420.
[40] YEVIEVICH V. Probability and Statistic in Hydrology[M]. Fort Collins:Water Resources Publications,1972.
[41] YEVIEVICH V. Stochastic Processes in Hydrology[M]. Fort Collins:Water Resources Publications,1972.
[42] BAIRD A J,WILBY R L.生态水文学[M].赵文智,王根绪译.北京:海洋出版社,2002.
[43]芮孝芳,朱建英.地下汇流模型及其在流域水文模拟中的应用[J].水利学报,1989(4):45-49.
[44]华东水利学院.中国湿润地区洪水预报方法[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1978.
[45] ZHAO R J,ZHUANG Y L,FANG L R,et al. The Xinanjiang Model[C]//IASH 129,Hydrological ForecastingProceeding,Oxfort Symposium,1980:351-356.
[46]国家科委.中华人民共和国重大科技成果[M].北京:科学出版社,1990.
[47] SINGH V P,WOOLHISER D A. Mathematical modeling of watershed hydrology[J]. Journal of Hydrologic Engi?neering,2002,7(4):270-292.
[48]《文集》编辑整理工作小组.赵人俊水文预报文集[M].北京:水利电力出版社. 1994.
[49]《刘光文水文分析计算文集》编辑委员会.刘光文水文分析计算文集[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2003.
[50]金光炎.水文统计的原理与方法[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1959.
[51]谢家泽.谢家泽文集[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,1995.
[52]芮孝芳,张超.论设计洪水计算[J].水利水电科技进展,2014,34(1):20-26.
[53]芮孝芳,蒋成煜,陈清锦.论城市排水防涝工程水文问题[J].水利水电科技进展,2015,35(1):42-48.
[54]长江水利委员会.三峡工程水文研究[M].武汉:湖北科学技术出版社,1997.
[55]钱铁.在具有历史洪水资料情况下洪水流量经验频率的确定[J].水利学报,1964(2):50-54.
[56]丛树铮,谭维炎,黄守信,等.水文频率计算中参数估计方法的统计试验研究[J].水利学报,1980(3):1-15.
[57]水利水电科学研究院水文研究所.水文计算经验汇编(第二集)[M].北京:中国工业出版社,1965.
[58]中国水利学会.水文计算经验汇编(第三集)[M].北京:中国工业出版社,1964.
[59]芮孝芳.论流域水文模型[J].水利水电科技进展,2017,37(4):1-7.
[60]芮孝芳.对流域水文模型的再认识[J].水利水电科技进展,2018,38(2):1-7.
[61]芮孝芳.水文学与“大数据”[J].水利水电科技进展,2016,36(3):1-4.
[62]芮孝芳.数据密集范式与水文学的未来[J].水利水电科技进展,2018,38(6):1-8.
[2]陈国达,陈述彭,李希圣,等.中国地学大事典[M].济南:山东科学技术出版社,1992.
[3]骆承政.中国历史大洪水[M].北京:中国书店,2006.
[4] BISWAS A K.水文学史[M].刘国纬译.北京:科学出版社,2007.
[5]芮孝芳.水文学原理[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2013.
[6] FULLER W E. Flood Flows Trans[Z]. ASCE,1914,77:565-617,676-694.
[7] HAZEN A. Discussion on Flood Flows Trans[Z]. ASCE,1914,77:626-632.
[8] ROSS C N. The calculation of flood discharges by a time contour plan[C]//Transactions of the Institution of Engi?neer(Australia). 1921.
[9] CHOW V T. Handbook of Applied Hydrology[M]. NY:McGraw-Hill Book Company,1964.
[10] SHERMAN L K. Stream flow from rainfall by the unit graph method[J]. Engineering News-Record,1932,108:501-505.
[11] HORTON R E. The Role of Infiltration in the Hydrologic Cycle[C]//Transactions of the American GeophysicalUnion,1933.
[12] MCCARTHY G T. The Unit Hydrograph and Flood Routing[R]. Presented at Conf. North. Atl. Div,US Crops.Eng.,1938.
[13]水利部水文司.水文测验规范[M].南京:河海大学出版社,1994.
[14]魏新平,张淑娜.从水文行业统计看水文事业发展[J].水文,2013,33(5):23-27.
[15]赵人俊.流域水文模拟[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1984.
[16]文康,金管生,李蝶娟,等.地表径流过程的数学模拟[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1991.
[17]邢贞相,芮孝芳,崔海燕,等.基于AM-MCMC算法的贝叶斯概率洪水预报模型[J].水利学报,2007,38(12):1500-1506.
[18]华士乾.洪水预报方法[R].北京:水利部水文局,1955.
[19]长江流域规划办公室.水文预报方法[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1979.
[20]王厥谋.水文情报预报文集[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,2000.
[21]葛守西.现代洪水预报技术[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,1999.
[22] SL250-2000,水文情报预报规范[S].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2000.
[23]程琳,刘全清,张葆华.水文发展历程概述(II)[J].水文,2011,31(2):15-20.
[24]王家祁.中国暴雨[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2002.
[25]国家防汛抗旱总指挥部办公室,水利部南京水文水资源研究所.中国水旱灾害[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,1997.
[26]张世法,苏逸深,宋德敦,等.中国历史干旱[M].南京:河海大学出版社,2008.
[27]骆承政.中国历史大洪水调查资料汇编[M].北京:中国书店,2006.
[28]中国科学院水利电力部水利水电科学研究院水文研究所.中国水文图集[M].北京:科学院出版社,1963.
[29]叶永毅,陈志愷.洪水频率分析中历史洪水资料的处理[J].水利学报,1962(1):1-7.
[30]陈家琦.小流域暴雨洪水计算问题[M].北京:中国工业出版社,1966.
[31]詹道江,邹进上.可能最大暴雨与洪水[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1983.
[32]王国安.可能最大暴雨和洪水计算原理与方法[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,1999.
[33]詹道江,谢悦波.古洪水研究及应用[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2000.
[34] SL44-2006,水利水电工程设计洪水计算规范[S].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2002.
[35]水利部水文局.中国水资源评价[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1987.
[36] LINSLEY R K,KOHLER M A,PAULHUS J L H. Hydrology for Engineers[M]. New York:McGraw-Hill,1982.
[37] NASH J E. The Form of the instantaneous unit hydrograph[J]. Intern. Assoc. Sei. Hydrology,1957,45(3):114-121.
[38] DUNNE T,BLACK R D. An experimental investigation of runoff production in permeable soils[J]. Water Re?sources Research,1970,6(2):478-490.
[39] RODRIGUEZ-ITURBE I,VALDES J B. The geomorphologic structure of hydrological response[J]. Water Re?sources Research,1979,15(6):1409-1420.
[40] YEVIEVICH V. Probability and Statistic in Hydrology[M]. Fort Collins:Water Resources Publications,1972.
[41] YEVIEVICH V. Stochastic Processes in Hydrology[M]. Fort Collins:Water Resources Publications,1972.
[42] BAIRD A J,WILBY R L.生态水文学[M].赵文智,王根绪译.北京:海洋出版社,2002.
[43]芮孝芳,朱建英.地下汇流模型及其在流域水文模拟中的应用[J].水利学报,1989(4):45-49.
[44]华东水利学院.中国湿润地区洪水预报方法[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1978.
[45] ZHAO R J,ZHUANG Y L,FANG L R,et al. The Xinanjiang Model[C]//IASH 129,Hydrological ForecastingProceeding,Oxfort Symposium,1980:351-356.
[46]国家科委.中华人民共和国重大科技成果[M].北京:科学出版社,1990.
[47] SINGH V P,WOOLHISER D A. Mathematical modeling of watershed hydrology[J]. Journal of Hydrologic Engi?neering,2002,7(4):270-292.
[48]《文集》编辑整理工作小组.赵人俊水文预报文集[M].北京:水利电力出版社. 1994.
[49]《刘光文水文分析计算文集》编辑委员会.刘光文水文分析计算文集[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2003.
[50]金光炎.水文统计的原理与方法[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1959.
[51]谢家泽.谢家泽文集[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,1995.
[52]芮孝芳,张超.论设计洪水计算[J].水利水电科技进展,2014,34(1):20-26.
[53]芮孝芳,蒋成煜,陈清锦.论城市排水防涝工程水文问题[J].水利水电科技进展,2015,35(1):42-48.
[54]长江水利委员会.三峡工程水文研究[M].武汉:湖北科学技术出版社,1997.
[55]钱铁.在具有历史洪水资料情况下洪水流量经验频率的确定[J].水利学报,1964(2):50-54.
[56]丛树铮,谭维炎,黄守信,等.水文频率计算中参数估计方法的统计试验研究[J].水利学报,1980(3):1-15.
[57]水利水电科学研究院水文研究所.水文计算经验汇编(第二集)[M].北京:中国工业出版社,1965.
[58]中国水利学会.水文计算经验汇编(第三集)[M].北京:中国工业出版社,1964.
[59]芮孝芳.论流域水文模型[J].水利水电科技进展,2017,37(4):1-7.
[60]芮孝芳.对流域水文模型的再认识[J].水利水电科技进展,2018,38(2):1-7.
[61]芮孝芳.水文学与“大数据”[J].水利水电科技进展,2016,36(3):1-4.
[62]芮孝芳.数据密集范式与水文学的未来[J].水利水电科技进展,2018,38(6):1-8.