氮肥对苏北盐碱地马齿苋生长发育及氨基酸含量的影响
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摘要
为明确苏北盐碱地上增施氮肥对马齿苋生长发育及氨基酸含量的影响,在土壤盐分分别为1.5~2.5 g/kg(S_1)和2.6~3.4 g/kg(S_2)的海涂盐碱地设置田间小区试验,研究了0(N_1)、75(N_2)、150(N_3)和225(N_4)kg/hm~2 4个氮肥水平对马齿苋生长发育及氨基酸含量的影响。结果表明:(1)在不同盐分盐碱地上增施氮肥,马齿苋生长发育得到改善,各项生长指标均呈现上升的趋势;(2)2.6~3.4 g/kg土壤盐分水平下马齿苋游离氨基酸总量显著高于1.5~2.5 g/kg土壤盐分水平,增施氮肥后,游离氨基酸总量显著提高,在150和225 kg/hm~2氮肥水平下含量达到较大值;(3)2.6~3.4 g/kg土壤盐分水平下的脯氨酸含量显著高于1.5~2.5 g/kg土壤盐分水平,随着氮肥的施入,脯氨酸含量显著增加,在75和150 kg/hm~2氮肥水平达到较大值;(4)土壤盐分从1.5~2.5 g/kg提高到2.6~3.4 g/kg水平后,马齿苋的苏氨酸、谷氨酸、天冬氨酸、苯丙氨酸、丙氨酸含量提高,随着氮肥的施入,苏氨酸、丙氨酸含量呈上升趋势,在150 kg/hm~2水平达到较大值,谷氨酸、天冬氨酸、苯丙氨酸含量变化不显著。由此可见,在苏北盐碱地上增施氮肥,可显著改善马齿苋的生长发育,促进其生长,提高马齿苋氨基酸含量,提高其品质,且以S_2N3组合即土壤盐分为2.6~3.4 g/kg、施氮量为150 kg/hm~2的种植条件最佳。
A field experiment based on the saline alkali land in northern Jiangsu was carried out to study the effect of nitrogenous fertilizer on the growth and amino acid content of Portulaca oleracea L. The results were as follows:(1) After increasing nitrogen fertilizer, the growth of Portulaca oleracea L. improved.(2) When the salt concentration of soil was 2.6-3.4 g/kg, the total free amino acids of Portulaca oleracea L. at the nitrogenous fertilizer level of 75 kg/hm~2(N_2), 150 kg/hm~2(N_3) and 225 kg/hm~2(N_4) were significantly higher than the salt concentration of soil was 1.5-2.5 g/kg(S_1). The total amount of free amino acids increased significantly after the application of nitrogen fertilizer, and the content reached a large value at the nitrogenous fertilizer level of 150 kg/hm~2(N_3) and 225 kg/hm~2(N_4).(3) The content of proline at the soil salinity level of 2.6-3.4 g/kg(S_2) was significantly higher than that of 1.5-2.5 g/kg(S_1). With the application of nitrogen fertilizer, the content of proline increased significantly, and the level of 75 kg/hm~2(N_2) and 150 kg/hm~2(N_3) reached a larger value.(4) When soil salinity increased from 1.5-2.5 g/kg(S_1) to 2.6-3.4 g/kg(S_2) level, the contents of purslane threonine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, phenylalanine and alanine increased. With the application of nitrogen fertilizer, the contents of threonine and alanine increased gradually, and reached a larger value at 150 kg/hm~2(N_3) level. The content of glutamic acid, aspartic acid and phenylalanine did not change significantly. Thus, nitrogenous fertilizer in saline alkali soil, could significantly improve the growth and increase the content of amino acid of Portulaca oleracea L. And the best results were combined with S_2 N_3, namely the soil salinity 2.6-3.4 g/kg, and the nitrogen application rate of 150 kg/hm~2.
A field experiment based on the saline alkali land in northern Jiangsu was carried out to study the effect of nitrogenous fertilizer on the growth and amino acid content of Portulaca oleracea L. The results were as follows:(1) After increasing nitrogen fertilizer, the growth of Portulaca oleracea L. improved.(2) When the salt concentration of soil was 2.6-3.4 g/kg, the total free amino acids of Portulaca oleracea L. at the nitrogenous fertilizer level of 75 kg/hm~2(N_2), 150 kg/hm~2(N_3) and 225 kg/hm~2(N_4) were significantly higher than the salt concentration of soil was 1.5-2.5 g/kg(S_1). The total amount of free amino acids increased significantly after the application of nitrogen fertilizer, and the content reached a large value at the nitrogenous fertilizer level of 150 kg/hm~2(N_3) and 225 kg/hm~2(N_4).(3) The content of proline at the soil salinity level of 2.6-3.4 g/kg(S_2) was significantly higher than that of 1.5-2.5 g/kg(S_1). With the application of nitrogen fertilizer, the content of proline increased significantly, and the level of 75 kg/hm~2(N_2) and 150 kg/hm~2(N_3) reached a larger value.(4) When soil salinity increased from 1.5-2.5 g/kg(S_1) to 2.6-3.4 g/kg(S_2) level, the contents of purslane threonine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, phenylalanine and alanine increased. With the application of nitrogen fertilizer, the contents of threonine and alanine increased gradually, and reached a larger value at 150 kg/hm~2(N_3) level. The content of glutamic acid, aspartic acid and phenylalanine did not change significantly. Thus, nitrogenous fertilizer in saline alkali soil, could significantly improve the growth and increase the content of amino acid of Portulaca oleracea L. And the best results were combined with S_2 N_3, namely the soil salinity 2.6-3.4 g/kg, and the nitrogen application rate of 150 kg/hm~2.
引文
[1]黄志勇,顾闽峰,王乃顶,等.苏北沿海滩涂盐肥对油菜产量及离子分布的效应[J].江苏农业科学,2017,45(8):48-51.
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[10]李焕春,高炳德,妥德宝,等.氮肥品种及施用时期对春小麦籽粒氨基酸含量的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2009,(1):12-15.
[11]孙丽华.黄杨粗蛋白、氨基酸组分与脯氨酸等与其耐寒性的研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2006,20(6):202-206.
[12]张亚冰,刘崇怀,潘兴,等.盐胁迫下不同耐盐性葡萄砧木丙二醛和脯氨酸含量的变化[J].河南农业科学,2006,(4):84-86.
[13]孙聪聪,赵海燕,郑彩霞.Na Cl胁迫对银杏幼树渗透调节物质及脯氨酸代谢的影响[J].植物生理学报,2017,53(3):470-476.
[14]姚佳,刘信宝,崔鑫,等.不同Na Cl胁迫对苗期扁蓿豆渗透调节物质及光合生理的影响[J].草业学报,2015,24(5):91-99.
[15]邓斌,曾德慧.添加氮肥对沙地樟子松幼苗生物量分配与叶片生理特性的影响[J].生态学杂志,2006,25(11):1312-1317.
[16]杨恩琼,黄建国,何腾兵,等.氮肥用量对普通玉米产量和营养品质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(3):509-513.
[2]张边江,唐宁,陈全战,等.两种生态型马齿苋的光合生理特性研究[J].北方园艺,2013,(21):89-91.
[3]叶梅荣,王晓鹏,刘爱荣,等.药食两用植物马齿苋的研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2017,45(32):140-141,164.
[4]Marrelli M,Cristaldi B,Menichini F,et al.Inhibitory effects of wild dietary plants on lipid peroxidation and on the proliferation of human cancer cells[J].Food and chemical toxicology,2015,(86):16-24.
[5]姜天华,温立柱,郭芸珲,等.生物炭与氮肥配施对牡丹叶片氮素营养和籽粒品质的影响[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(9):2939-2946.
[6]姜天华,单佩佩,黄在范,等.施用氮肥对油用牡丹叶片氮素吸收积累与籽粒品质的影响[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(10):3257-3263.
[7]杨善,王熙乾,叶昌辉,等.氮素对甘蔗脯氨酸合成积累及其关键基因的效应分析[J].热带作物学报,2016,37(2):286-291.
[8]Zhao K F.Desalinization of saline soils by Suaeda salsa[J].Plant and Soil,1991,(135):303-305.
[9]黎旺姐,李勇,张刚,等.不同施氮水平对烟草叶片游离氨基酸含量及脯氨酸和苯丙氨酸代谢的影响[J].基因组学与应用生物学,2017,36(4):1634-1640.
[10]李焕春,高炳德,妥德宝,等.氮肥品种及施用时期对春小麦籽粒氨基酸含量的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2009,(1):12-15.
[11]孙丽华.黄杨粗蛋白、氨基酸组分与脯氨酸等与其耐寒性的研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2006,20(6):202-206.
[12]张亚冰,刘崇怀,潘兴,等.盐胁迫下不同耐盐性葡萄砧木丙二醛和脯氨酸含量的变化[J].河南农业科学,2006,(4):84-86.
[13]孙聪聪,赵海燕,郑彩霞.Na Cl胁迫对银杏幼树渗透调节物质及脯氨酸代谢的影响[J].植物生理学报,2017,53(3):470-476.
[14]姚佳,刘信宝,崔鑫,等.不同Na Cl胁迫对苗期扁蓿豆渗透调节物质及光合生理的影响[J].草业学报,2015,24(5):91-99.
[15]邓斌,曾德慧.添加氮肥对沙地樟子松幼苗生物量分配与叶片生理特性的影响[J].生态学杂志,2006,25(11):1312-1317.
[16]杨恩琼,黄建国,何腾兵,等.氮肥用量对普通玉米产量和营养品质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(3):509-513.