矿井热动力灾害人员逃生能力研究
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摘要
为了减少事故伤亡、降低外部救援压力,通过总结煤矿热动力灾害事故案例和救援经验,研究认为矿井热动力灾害中,受灾人员需具备心理调节、灾情感知和逃生路线的选择、规避风险和致灾因子、团队协作4种逃生能力。总结得到了逃生过程中存在的认识偏差、高压恐惧等8种心理和行为障碍;构建了由受灾人员的灾情感知、恐慌心理的产生机制、灾情判别与决策组成的逃生心理活动和行为模型以及作用于遇险者和救援者之间以优化灾情信息传输效果的对等交流模型。此外,提出了综合评判灾情和逃生辅助设施位置的路线选择原则和以团结为基准的团队行为的管理方法,并分析了传统教学、模拟演练和全真演习共3种培训方法以提高煤矿从业者的逃生能力。
In order to reduce accident casualties, reduce external rescue pressure, we summarized that the victims must have four abilities of mentality adjustment, situation awareness and way-finding, risk and hazard avoiding and team corporation to escape from thermodynamic disasters in underground coal mine by analyzing cases and rescue experiences. This paper constructs the escape psychological activity and behavior model which consists of the disaster perception, the panic psychology generating mechanism, the disaster discrimination and the decision, and a peer-to-peer communication model for optimizing disaster information transmission between the victims and the rescuers. In addition, the comprehensive evaluation for route selection principle of disaster and escape auxiliary facilities location and the management method for group behavior based on the unity are proposed, and a total of three training methods of the traditional teaching, simulation and true exercise are analyzed to improve the survival ability of coal mine workers.
In order to reduce accident casualties, reduce external rescue pressure, we summarized that the victims must have four abilities of mentality adjustment, situation awareness and way-finding, risk and hazard avoiding and team corporation to escape from thermodynamic disasters in underground coal mine by analyzing cases and rescue experiences. This paper constructs the escape psychological activity and behavior model which consists of the disaster perception, the panic psychology generating mechanism, the disaster discrimination and the decision, and a peer-to-peer communication model for optimizing disaster information transmission between the victims and the rescuers. In addition, the comprehensive evaluation for route selection principle of disaster and escape auxiliary facilities location and the management method for group behavior based on the unity are proposed, and a total of three training methods of the traditional teaching, simulation and true exercise are analyzed to improve the survival ability of coal mine workers.
引文
[1]王德明.矿井通风与安全[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2007.
[2]王德明,程远平.矿井火灾火源燃烧特性的实验研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2002,31(1):30-33.
[3]增安能.重庆石壕煤矿8名矿工火海逃生领导带班制给力[EB/OL].(2010-12-19)[2017-11-31].http://news.sohu.com/20101219/n278386445.html.
[4]张俊.血煤的救赎—山西屯兰煤矿瓦斯爆炸事故救援[J].中国应急救援,2009,45(2):6-7.
[5]周心权,常文杰.煤矿重大灾害应急救援技术[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2007.
[6]杨立兵,王亮,陈建宏.企业火灾疏散人员行为及心理特征研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2012,22(5):3.
[7]邬剑明,李英辉,杜红兵.火灾中人的心理状态及行为特点的研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2007,3(3):35-38.
[8] Acker F. New findings on unconscious versus conscious thought in decision making[J]. Judgment&Decision Making, 2008, 3(4):292-303.
[9] Kleinmuntz B. Why we still use our heads instead of formulas:toward an integrative approach[J]. Psychological Bulletin, 1990, 107(3):296-310.
[10] Brockmann E N, Anthony W P. The Influence of Tacit Knowledge and Collective Mind on Strategic Planning[J]. Journal of Managerial Issues, 1998, 10(2):204.
[11] Vaught C, Brnich M J, Mallett L G, et al. Behavioral and Organizational Dimensions of Underground Mine Fires[J]. Ceramics International, 2000, 35(8):3117.
[12]张大明,马云东,丁延龙.矿井避难硐室研究与设计[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2009,5(3):194-198.
[13] Council N R. Improving self-escape from underground coal mines[M]. National Academies Press, 2013.
[2]王德明,程远平.矿井火灾火源燃烧特性的实验研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2002,31(1):30-33.
[3]增安能.重庆石壕煤矿8名矿工火海逃生领导带班制给力[EB/OL].(2010-12-19)[2017-11-31].http://news.sohu.com/20101219/n278386445.html.
[4]张俊.血煤的救赎—山西屯兰煤矿瓦斯爆炸事故救援[J].中国应急救援,2009,45(2):6-7.
[5]周心权,常文杰.煤矿重大灾害应急救援技术[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2007.
[6]杨立兵,王亮,陈建宏.企业火灾疏散人员行为及心理特征研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2012,22(5):3.
[7]邬剑明,李英辉,杜红兵.火灾中人的心理状态及行为特点的研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2007,3(3):35-38.
[8] Acker F. New findings on unconscious versus conscious thought in decision making[J]. Judgment&Decision Making, 2008, 3(4):292-303.
[9] Kleinmuntz B. Why we still use our heads instead of formulas:toward an integrative approach[J]. Psychological Bulletin, 1990, 107(3):296-310.
[10] Brockmann E N, Anthony W P. The Influence of Tacit Knowledge and Collective Mind on Strategic Planning[J]. Journal of Managerial Issues, 1998, 10(2):204.
[11] Vaught C, Brnich M J, Mallett L G, et al. Behavioral and Organizational Dimensions of Underground Mine Fires[J]. Ceramics International, 2000, 35(8):3117.
[12]张大明,马云东,丁延龙.矿井避难硐室研究与设计[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2009,5(3):194-198.
[13] Council N R. Improving self-escape from underground coal mines[M]. National Academies Press, 2013.