3条风沙进京路径植物吸附颗粒物能力
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摘要
在3条风沙进京路径上选取10个城市(北线:二连浩特—苏尼特右旗—张家口—北京;中线:额济纳旗—呼和浩特—北京;西线:哈密—张掖—银川—太原—北京)的植物为研究对象,应用气溶胶再发生器对植物叶片颗粒物吸附量进行了定量测定,同时应用环境扫描电镜观察了不同城市树木叶表面微形态特征结构,阐释了不同城市树木叶表面结构与吸滞颗粒物的关系。结果表明:3条线路的PM_(10)吸附量表现为中线(1.57±0.24)μg/cm~2>西线(1.51±0.18)μg/cm~2>北线(1.50±0.76)μg/cm~2,PM_(2.5)吸附量表现为西线(0.15±0.06)μg/cm~2>北线(0.12±0.03)μg/cm~2>中线(0.11±0.04)μg/cm~2;不同风沙进京路径植物吸附颗粒物在3-4月和11月是植物吸附颗粒物较高的月份,7月和9月是植物吸附颗粒物较低的月份,植物吸附PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)量均不在风沙源头和终点城市最大,而是在风沙传输路径的中间城市最大;3条风沙进京路径植物吸附PM_(10)约为1.53μg/cm~2,吸附PM_(2.5)约为0.13μg/cm~2;在叶面粗糙、凹凸不平的时期,颗粒物的吸附量均较大,叶片光滑、粗糙度较低的月份,植物颗粒物吸附量均较低。可见,风沙进京路径植物吸附PM_(10)主要来源于新疆和蒙古高原以西的沙漠区域,吸附PM_(2.5)主要来源于新疆和蒙古高原北部,在风沙运移过程中植物吸附颗粒物主要以PM_(10)为主,处于风沙频繁、污染严重、沙尘较大的时间和地区在叶面形态上更有利于吸附颗粒物。研究结果可为政府部门决策和造林治沙工程的实施提供依据。
With plants in ten cities in three wind sand paths entering Beijing(north line: Erlianhaote-Sunite-ZhangjiakouBeijing; middle line: Ejina-Huhehaote-Beijing; west line: Hami-Zhangye-Yinchuan-Taiyuan-Beijing) as the research object, an aerosol generator was used for quantitative determination of particles matter, at the same time environmental scanning electron microscope was used to determine micro morphology characteristics on the leaf surface. The relationships between the surface structure and particulate matte adsorption of different cities were interpreted. It was found that the PM_(10) adsorption capacity of three lines showed middle line(1.57±0.24)μg/cm~2>west line(1.51±0.18)μg/cm~2>north line(1.50±0.76)μg/cm~2, and PM_(2.5) adsorption capacity was the west line(0.15±0.06)μg/cm~2>north line(0.12±0.03)μg/cm~2>middle line(0.11±0.04)μg/cm~2. Plant adsorption of particles matter was higher in March and November, and lower in July and September, with the maximum plant adsorption not appearing in sand source and destination city, but in the middle city of the sand transport path. Plant PM_(10) adsorption amount was 1.53μg/cm~2 and PM_(2.5) adsorption amount was 0.13μg/cm~2 in three wind sand paths.In the rough leaves period, the particles adsorption amount was large, while the particles adsorption was lower in the smooth leaves month. The PM_(10) sources are mainly from Xinjiang and the west of Mongolia Plateau to the desert region, and the PM_(2.5) sources are from Xinjiang and north of the Mongolian Plateau. PM_(10) is the domain in the process of sand transport. In the time and area of frequent sand, serious pollution and large sand and dust, it is more favorable adsorbent of particulate matter in the leaves surface morphology. The results would provide the basis for the implementation of government decision-making and afforestation and desertification control engineering.
With plants in ten cities in three wind sand paths entering Beijing(north line: Erlianhaote-Sunite-ZhangjiakouBeijing; middle line: Ejina-Huhehaote-Beijing; west line: Hami-Zhangye-Yinchuan-Taiyuan-Beijing) as the research object, an aerosol generator was used for quantitative determination of particles matter, at the same time environmental scanning electron microscope was used to determine micro morphology characteristics on the leaf surface. The relationships between the surface structure and particulate matte adsorption of different cities were interpreted. It was found that the PM_(10) adsorption capacity of three lines showed middle line(1.57±0.24)μg/cm~2>west line(1.51±0.18)μg/cm~2>north line(1.50±0.76)μg/cm~2, and PM_(2.5) adsorption capacity was the west line(0.15±0.06)μg/cm~2>north line(0.12±0.03)μg/cm~2>middle line(0.11±0.04)μg/cm~2. Plant adsorption of particles matter was higher in March and November, and lower in July and September, with the maximum plant adsorption not appearing in sand source and destination city, but in the middle city of the sand transport path. Plant PM_(10) adsorption amount was 1.53μg/cm~2 and PM_(2.5) adsorption amount was 0.13μg/cm~2 in three wind sand paths.In the rough leaves period, the particles adsorption amount was large, while the particles adsorption was lower in the smooth leaves month. The PM_(10) sources are mainly from Xinjiang and the west of Mongolia Plateau to the desert region, and the PM_(2.5) sources are from Xinjiang and north of the Mongolian Plateau. PM_(10) is the domain in the process of sand transport. In the time and area of frequent sand, serious pollution and large sand and dust, it is more favorable adsorbent of particulate matter in the leaves surface morphology. The results would provide the basis for the implementation of government decision-making and afforestation and desertification control engineering.
引文
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[15]郭虎,付宗钰,熊亚军,等.北京一次连续重污染过程的气象条件分析[J].气象,2007,33(6):32-36.Guo Hu,Fu Zongyu,Xiong Yajun,et al.Analysis of the weather conditions for a case of heavy pollution in Beijing[J].Meteorological Monthly,2007,33(6):32-36.
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[20]齐飞艳,朱彦锋,赵勇,等.郑州市园林植物滞留大气颗粒物能力的研究[J].河南农业大学学报,2009,43(3):256-259.Qi Feiyan,Zhu Yanfeng,Zhao Yong,et al.Study on the atmospheric particle-retaining capability of garden plant in Zhengzhou[J].Journal of Henan Agricultural University,2009,43(3):256-259.
[2]陈辉,赵琳娜,赵鲁强,等.一次强沙尘暴天气及对北京空气污染的影响分析[C].第28届中国气象学会年会-S14气候环境变化与人体健康,2011.Chen Hui,Zhao Linna,Zhao Luqiang,et al.Analysis of a Severe Sandstorm and Its Influence on Air Pollution in Beijing[C].28th Annual Meeting of China Meteorological Society-S14 Climate and Environmental Change and Human Health,2011.
[3]王华,鲁绍伟,李少宁,等.可吸入颗粒物和细颗粒物基本特征、监测方法及森林调控功能[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(3):861-868.Wang Hua,Lu Shaowei,Li Shaoning,et al.Inhalable particulate matter and fine particulate matter:their basic characteristics,monitoring methods,and forest regulation functions[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2013,24(3):861-868.
[4]刘旭辉,余新晓,张振明,等.林带内PM10,PM2.5污染特征及其与气象条件的关系[J].生态学杂志,2014,33(7):1715-1721.Liu Xuhui,Yu Xinxiao,Zhang Zhenming,et al.Pollution characteristics of atmospheric particulates in forest belts and their relationship with meteorological conditions[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2014,33(7):1715-1721.
[5]Kourtchev I,Warnke J,Maenhaut W,et al.Polar organic marker compounds in PM2.5aerosol from a mixed forest site inwesternGermany[J].Chemosphere,2008,73(8):1308-1314.
[6]Matsuda K,Fujimur Y,Hayashi K,et al.Deposition velocity of PM2.5sulfate in the summer above a deciduous forest in central Japan[J].Atmospheric Environment,2010,44(36):4582-4587.
[7]Pal A,Kulshreshtha K,Ahmad KJ,et al.Do leaf surface characters play a role in plant resistance to auto-exhaust pollution[J].Flora,2002,197(1):47-55.
[8]Li L,Wang W,Feng J L,et al.Composition,source,mass closure of PM2.5aerosols for four forests in eastern China[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2010,22(3):405-412.
[9]郭二果,王成,郄光发,等.北京西山典型游憩林空气颗粒物不同季节的日变化[J].生态学报,2009,29(6):3253-3263.Guo Erguo,Wang Cheng,Qie Guangfa,et al.Diurnal variations of air borne particulate matters in different seasons in typical recreation forests in West Mountain of Beijing[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2009,29(6):3253-3263.
[10]柴一新,祝宁,韩焕金.城市绿化树种的滞尘效应:以哈尔滨市为例[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(9):1121-1126.Chai Yixin,Zhu Ning,Han Huanjin.Dust removal effect of urban tree species in Harbin[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2002,13(9):1121-1126.
[11]张志丹,席本野,曹治国,等.植物叶片吸滞PM2.5等大气颗粒物定量研究方法初探:以毛白杨为例[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(8):1-5.Zhang Zhidan,Xi Benye,Cao Zhiguo,et al.Exploration of a quantitative methodology to characterize the retention of PM2.5and other atmospheric particulate matter by plant leaves:taking Populus tomentosa leaves as an example[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2014,25(8):1-5.
[12]Chen B,Lu S W,Zhao Y G,et al.Pollution remediation by urban forests:PM2.5reduction in Beijing,China[J].Polish Journal of Environmental Studies,2016,25(5):1873-1881.
[13]陈波,刘海龙,赵东波,等.北京西山绿化树种秋季滞纳PM2.5能力及其与叶表面AFM特征的关系[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(3):777-784.Chen Bo,Liu Hailong,Zhao Dongbo,et al.Relationship between retention PM2.5and leaf surface AFM character of six greening trees during autumn in Beijing West Mountain[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2016,27(3):777-784.
[14]张凯,高会旺,张仁健,等.我国沙尘的来源、移动路径及对东部海域的影响[J].地球科学进展,2005,20(6):627-636.Zhang Kai,Gao Huiwang,Zhang Renjian,et al.Sources and movement routes of sand-dust aerosols and their impact probabilities on China sesa duiring 2000-2002[J].Advances in Earth Science,2005,20(6):627-636.
[15]郭虎,付宗钰,熊亚军,等.北京一次连续重污染过程的气象条件分析[J].气象,2007,33(6):32-36.Guo Hu,Fu Zongyu,Xiong Yajun,et al.Analysis of the weather conditions for a case of heavy pollution in Beijing[J].Meteorological Monthly,2007,33(6):32-36.
[16]王会霞,石辉,王彦辉.典型天气下植物叶面滞尘动态变化[J].生态学报,2015,35(6):1-12.Wang Huixia,Shi Hui,Wang Yanhui.Dynamics of the captured quantity of particulate matter by plant leaves under typical weather conditions[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2015,35(6):1-12.
[17]Beckett K P,Freer-Smith P H,Taylor G.Urban woodlands:their role in reducing the effects of particulate pollution[J].Environmental Pollution,1998,99(3):347-360.
[18]Dai W,Gao J Q,Cao G,et al.Chemical composition and source identification of PM2.5in the suburb of Shenzhen,China[J].Atmospheric Research,2013,122:391-400.
[19]李海梅,刘霞.青岛市城阳区主要园林树种叶片表皮形态与滞尘量的关系[J].生态学杂志,2008,27(10):1659-1662.Li Haimei,Liu Xia.Relationships between leaf epidermal morphology and dust retaining capability of main garden trees in Chengyang District of Qingdao City[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2008,27(10):1659-1662.
[20]齐飞艳,朱彦锋,赵勇,等.郑州市园林植物滞留大气颗粒物能力的研究[J].河南农业大学学报,2009,43(3):256-259.Qi Feiyan,Zhu Yanfeng,Zhao Yong,et al.Study on the atmospheric particle-retaining capability of garden plant in Zhengzhou[J].Journal of Henan Agricultural University,2009,43(3):256-259.