延安不同种植年限日光温室土壤肥力评价
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摘要
以延安不同种植年限日光温室土壤为研究对象,测定土壤理化指标,参照全国第二次土壤普查分级标准和内梅罗指数法对研究区域土壤进行综合肥力评价。结果表明:种植5年的土壤平均p H 8.46,土壤呈碱性-强碱性。种植20年的土壤平均p H 7.54,土壤呈现中-偏碱性。可见,种植蔬菜时间越长,土壤有酸化趋势。种植5年的土壤总盐平均为0.70 g/kg,属于中盐渍土,种植20年的土壤总盐平均为1.17 g/kg,属于强盐渍土。种植时间越长,土壤次生盐渍化现象越明显。养分分析结果表明:种植5年和20年的土壤有机质平均分别为17.53 g/kg和20.15 g/kg。种植5年和20年的土壤碱解氮平均分别为93.47 mg/kg和159.80 mg/kg。种植5年和20年的土壤速效磷平均分别为54.47 mg/kg和71.85 mg/kg。种植5年和20年的土壤速效钾平均分别为123.05 mg/kg和164.23 mg/kg。碱解氮含量相对较低。种植年限越长,土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾相对较高。延安日光温室土壤综合肥力等级处于三等,肥力状况为一般。从不同种植年限土壤综合肥力系数比较来看,种植20年(1.55)>种植5年(1.12)。可见,不同种植年限对土壤综合肥力影响较大。
Taking solar greenhouse soil of different planting years in Yan'an as the research object, soil physicochemical indexes are measured. Classification criteria for soil nutrients in the 2 nd National Soil Survey and Nemorrow formula are used in this study. The results indicated that the pH value of 5 years greenhouse soil was 8.46, which was alkaline-strong alkaline, while that of 20 years was 7.54 of medium-light alkaline,indicating that the soil tended to be acidification with the increase of planting years. Soil total salt content of 5 years greenhouse was 0.70 g/kg, which was medium salinized soil, and that of 20 years was 1.17 g/kg, which was strong salinized soil. The secondary salinization was obvious with the increase of planting years. Nutrient analysis showed that soil organic matter was 17.53 g/kg and 20.15 g/kg of 5 and 20 planting years, available nitrogen was 93.47 mg/kg and 159.80 mg/kg, available phosphorus was 54.47 mg/kg and 71.85 mg/kg,available potassium was 123.05 mg/kg and 164.23 mg/kg. Available nitrogen content was relatively low. Soil organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium was higher in soil of long planting years. Soil integrated fertility was in the third class, fertility condition was ordinary. The integrated fertility index(P) of 20 years was 1.55, which was little higher than that of 5 years(1.12). Thus, the effects of planting years on soil fertility are great.
Taking solar greenhouse soil of different planting years in Yan'an as the research object, soil physicochemical indexes are measured. Classification criteria for soil nutrients in the 2 nd National Soil Survey and Nemorrow formula are used in this study. The results indicated that the pH value of 5 years greenhouse soil was 8.46, which was alkaline-strong alkaline, while that of 20 years was 7.54 of medium-light alkaline,indicating that the soil tended to be acidification with the increase of planting years. Soil total salt content of 5 years greenhouse was 0.70 g/kg, which was medium salinized soil, and that of 20 years was 1.17 g/kg, which was strong salinized soil. The secondary salinization was obvious with the increase of planting years. Nutrient analysis showed that soil organic matter was 17.53 g/kg and 20.15 g/kg of 5 and 20 planting years, available nitrogen was 93.47 mg/kg and 159.80 mg/kg, available phosphorus was 54.47 mg/kg and 71.85 mg/kg,available potassium was 123.05 mg/kg and 164.23 mg/kg. Available nitrogen content was relatively low. Soil organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium was higher in soil of long planting years. Soil integrated fertility was in the third class, fertility condition was ordinary. The integrated fertility index(P) of 20 years was 1.55, which was little higher than that of 5 years(1.12). Thus, the effects of planting years on soil fertility are great.
引文
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[15]姜慧敏,张建峰,杨俊诚,等.不同氮肥用量对设施番茄产量、品质和土壤硝态氮累积的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(12):2338-2345.
[16]安康,谢小平,张海珍,等.西湖风景区土壤肥力的空间格局及其影响因子[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(4):1091-1096.
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[20]孙艳丽.许昌市休闲绿地土壤肥力特征研究[J].河南农业科学,2013,42(5):89-91, 96.
[21]单奇华,俞元春,张建锋,等.城市森林土壤肥力质量综合评价[J].水土保持通报,2009,29(4):186-190.
[22]王志刚,赵永存,廖启林,等.近20年来江苏省土壤p H值时空变化及其驱动力[J].生态学报,2008,28(2):720-727.
[23]陈旭彤.杭州城市绿地土壤肥力质量评价[J].贵州农业科学,2013,40(11):148-150.
[24]朱强,马丽,马强,等.不同浸提剂以及保存方法对土壤矿质氮测定的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2012,20(2):138-143.
[25]梁佳辉,张少良,穆林林,等.东北典型黑土区坡面土壤速效磷空间分布规律[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(1):90-95.
[2]陈碧华,孙丽,李新峥,等.新乡市大棚菜田土壤养分及盐分的演变[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(15):83-90.
[3]高新昊,张英鹏,刘兆辉,等.种植年限对寿光设施大棚土壤生态环境的影响[J].生态学报,2015,35(5):1452-1459.
[4]罗勤,陈竹君,闫博,等.水肥减量对日光温室土壤水肥状况及番茄产量和品质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(2):449-457
[5]李若楠,张彦才,黄绍文,等.节水控肥下有机无机肥配施对日光温室黄瓜-番茄轮作体系土壤氮素供应及迁移的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(3):677-688.
[6]袁亭亭,杨建平,徐坤秋.延迟番茄氮、磷、钾优化施肥方案研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(5):1246-1251.
[7]卢家柱,赵贵宾,颉建明,等.不同施氮量对茄子产量、品质及肥料利用率的影响[J].华北农学报,2016,31(3):205-211.
[8]虞娜,张玉龙,张玉玲,等.灌溉和施肥对温室番茄产量和品质影响效应的研究[J].中国土壤与肥料,2009(4):31-35.
[9]乔宏喜,王玉芳,郭飞飞.温室土壤环境存在的主要问题及改良方法[J].西北园艺,2006,9:4-5.
[10]曹齐卫,张卫华,李利斌,等.济南地区日光温室土壤养分的分布状况和累积规律[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(1):115-124.
[11]殷冠羿,胡克林,李品芳,等.不同水肥管理对京郊设施菜地氮素损失及氮素利用效率的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,32(12):2403-2412.
[12]彭强,李絮花,王克安,等.减量控释氮肥对大棚甜椒产量及土壤硝态氮、铵态氮分布的影响[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(6):106-110.
[13]黄绍文,王玉军,金继云,等.我国主要菜区土壤盐分、酸碱性和肥力状况[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(4):906-918.
[14]周建斌,翟丙年,陈竹君,等.西安市郊区日光温室大棚番茄施肥现状及土壤养分累积特性[J].土壤通报,2006,37(2):287-290.
[15]姜慧敏,张建峰,杨俊诚,等.不同氮肥用量对设施番茄产量、品质和土壤硝态氮累积的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(12):2338-2345.
[16]安康,谢小平,张海珍,等.西湖风景区土壤肥力的空间格局及其影响因子[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(4):1091-1096.
[17]骆东奇,白洁,谢德体.论土壤肥力评价指标和方法[J].土壤与环境,2002,11(2):202-205.
[18]范海荣,常连生,王洪海,等.城市草坪土壤肥力综合评价[J].草业科学,2010,27(10):17-22.
[19]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.
[20]孙艳丽.许昌市休闲绿地土壤肥力特征研究[J].河南农业科学,2013,42(5):89-91, 96.
[21]单奇华,俞元春,张建锋,等.城市森林土壤肥力质量综合评价[J].水土保持通报,2009,29(4):186-190.
[22]王志刚,赵永存,廖启林,等.近20年来江苏省土壤p H值时空变化及其驱动力[J].生态学报,2008,28(2):720-727.
[23]陈旭彤.杭州城市绿地土壤肥力质量评价[J].贵州农业科学,2013,40(11):148-150.
[24]朱强,马丽,马强,等.不同浸提剂以及保存方法对土壤矿质氮测定的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2012,20(2):138-143.
[25]梁佳辉,张少良,穆林林,等.东北典型黑土区坡面土壤速效磷空间分布规律[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(1):90-95.