地下洞室震害类型及破坏程度影响因素数值分析
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摘要
通过对世界各国实际震害资料的搜集整理,综合分析得出地下洞室地震破坏形式有山体边坡破坏造成的结构破坏、洞口塌方、洞室横断面错动破坏、沿相交断层产生较大位移、围岩剥落、支护或衬砌扰动或变形等。运用数值模拟技术,分析地下洞室震害程度影响因素。计算结果表明地震烈度越高,洞室越易遭受破坏;圆形洞室动力稳定性较好;建在均匀、坚硬的岩石中的地下洞室不易遭受地震破坏;地下洞室所处区域地应力越大,其位移动力响应值较小;地下洞室衬砌刚度增大在一定程度上将会加大震害程度;洞室出口段容易遭受地震破坏。
Based on earthquake damage data collection around the world,the earthquake damage types of underground cavern were comprehensively analyzed,such as the structural failure caused by slope failure,the portal collapse,the fault movement of cavern crosscut,the large displacement between two intersected faults,the spalling of surrounding rock,the disturbance or deformation of the support and lining system and so on.Numerical simulation technology was applied to analyze the influencing factors of underground caverns destructiveness.The calculation results showed that:the cavern was easier to be destroyed under higher earthquake intensity;dynamic stability of circular tunnel was better;the cavern constructed on homogeneous and hard rock was nontrivial to been damaged by earthquake;the dynamic displacement response index would be smaller with a large ground stress in the underground cavern region;the increase of lining stiffness would partly rise the degree of the seismic damage;the outlet of cavern suffered the earthquake destruction easily.
Based on earthquake damage data collection around the world,the earthquake damage types of underground cavern were comprehensively analyzed,such as the structural failure caused by slope failure,the portal collapse,the fault movement of cavern crosscut,the large displacement between two intersected faults,the spalling of surrounding rock,the disturbance or deformation of the support and lining system and so on.Numerical simulation technology was applied to analyze the influencing factors of underground caverns destructiveness.The calculation results showed that:the cavern was easier to be destroyed under higher earthquake intensity;dynamic stability of circular tunnel was better;the cavern constructed on homogeneous and hard rock was nontrivial to been damaged by earthquake;the dynamic displacement response index would be smaller with a large ground stress in the underground cavern region;the increase of lining stiffness would partly rise the degree of the seismic damage;the outlet of cavern suffered the earthquake destruction easily.
引文
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[15]Shen Z Z,Ren H C.Dynamic response characteristics of underground powerhouse caverns for sandaowan hydropowerstation[J].Advanced Materials Research,2012,(382),80-83.
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[19]SL203-97,水工建筑物抗震设计规范[S].(SL203-97,Specifications for seismic design of hydraulic structures[S].(in Chinese))
[20]Okamoto Shunzo.Introduction to Earthquake Engineering(2nd Ed)[M].University of Tokyo Press,1984.
[2]王瑞民,罗奇峰.阪神地震中地下结构和隧道的破坏现象浅析[J].灾害学,1998,13(2):63-66.(WANG Rui-min,LUO Qifeng.Analysis on the damage to underground structure and tunnel in kobe are caused by hanshin earthquake[J].Journal of Catastrophology,1998,13(2):63-66.(in Chinese))
[3]王文礼,苏灼谨,林峻弘等.台湾集集大地震山岳隧道受损情形之探讨[J].现代隧道技术,2001,38(2):52-60.(WANG Wen-li,SU Zhuo-jing,LIN Jun-hong et al.Discussion on damaged extent of mountainous tunnels due to earthquake,Taiwan[J].Modern Tunneling Technology,2001,38(2):52-60.(in Chinese))
[4]李天斌.汶川特大地震中山岭隧道变形破坏特征及影响因素分析[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6):742-750.(LI Tian-bing.Failure characteristics and influence factor analysis of mountain tunnels at epicenter zones of Great Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2008,16(6):742-750.(in Chinese))
[5]唐天国,宋胜武,雷承弟.汶川地震对水电地下厂房硐室工程稳定性动力分析研究[R].北京:中国学术期刊电子出版社,2008,441-446.(TANG Tian-guo,SONG Sheng-wu,LEI Cheng-di.Dynamic analysis on underground powerhouse tunnel stability under Wenchuan Earthquake[R].Beijing:China Academic Journal Electronic Press,2008,441-446.(in Chinese))
[6]Sharma S,Judd W R.Underground opening damage from earthquake[J].Engineering of Geology,1991,30(3):263-276.
[7]Asakura T,Sato Y.Mountain Tunnels Damage in the 1995HYOGOKEN-NANBU Earthquake[R].Quarterly Report of the Railway Technical Research Institute(RTRI),1998,39(1):9-16.
[8]何川,耿萍,晏启祥.汶川大地震隧道工程震害初步分析[A].汶川大地震工程震害调查分析与研究[C].成都,2009.(HE Chuan,GENG Ping,YAN Qi-xiang.Preliminary analysis on tunnel engineering seismic damage in Wenchuan Earthquake[A].Investigation and Research of Wenchuan Earthquake Engineering Damage[C].Chengdu,2009.(in Chinese))
[9]赖金星,李伟松,潘超.二郎山隧道震害监测与评估[J].勘察科学技术,2010,(5),56-57.(LAI Jin-xing,LI Wei-song,PAN Chao.Seismic damage detection and evaluation of Erlang Mountain tunnel[J].Site Investigation Science and Technology,2010,(5),56-57.(in Chinese))
[10]谭可奇,陈东升,尹葵霞等.汶川地震对震中附近水电站地下厂房的影响[J].水电站设计,2012,28(3),71-74.(TAN Ke-qi,CHEN Dong-shen,YI Kui-xia et al.The influence on underground powerhouse of Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Design of Hydroelectric Power Station,2012,28(3),71-74.(in Chinese))
[11]皇民,刘马群,王安华等.隧道地震破坏的主要形式及影响因素分析[J].交通科技与经济,2010,(57):60-62.(HUANG Ming,LIU Ma-qun,WANG An-hua et al.The research of tunnel earthquake damage forms and the reasons[J].Technology&Economy in Areas of Communications,2010,(57):60-62.(in Chinese))
[12]倪开伟.高速公路隧道地震破坏的形式及预防措施[J].黑龙江交通科技,2012,(10):97-98.(NI Kai-wei.The form and preventive measure of expressway tunnel earthquake damage[J].Communications Science and Technology Heilongjiang,2012,(10):97-98.(in Chinese))
[13]陶双江,蒋雅君.汶川地震隧道震害影响因素的统计和分析[J].现代隧道技术,2014,51(3),15-21.(TAO Shuang-jiang,JIANG Ya-jun.Statistics and analysis of influential factors of tunnel damage induced by the Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Modern Tunneling Technology,2014,51(3),15-21.(in Chinese))
[14]龙岗,任华春.三道湾水电站地下厂房洞室围岩支护方案研究[J].甘肃水利水电技术,2009,45(12):24-26.(LONG Gang,REN Hua-chun.Geological investigation report of Sandaowan Hydropower station in Taolai river[J].Gansu Water Conservancy and Hydropower Survey Design Institute,2009,45(12),24-26.(in Chinese))
[15]Shen Z Z,Ren H C.Dynamic response characteristics of underground powerhouse caverns for sandaowan hydropowerstation[J].Advanced Materials Research,2012,(382),80-83.
[16]Scanlan R H,Sachs K.Earthquake time histories and response spectra[J].J.Eng.Mech.Div.,1974,EM4,635-655.
[17]Wang W L,Wang T T,Su J J,et al.Accessment of damage in mountain tunnels due to the Taiwan Chi-Chi Earthquake[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2001,16(3),133-150.
[18]Hsiung S M,Ghosh A.Seismic Responses of Underground Excavations in JointedRock Mass[A].41st U.S.Rock Mechanics Symposium-ARMA′s Golden Rocks 2006-50Years of Rock Mechanics Symposium[C].Madison,2006,13.
[19]SL203-97,水工建筑物抗震设计规范[S].(SL203-97,Specifications for seismic design of hydraulic structures[S].(in Chinese))
[20]Okamoto Shunzo.Introduction to Earthquake Engineering(2nd Ed)[M].University of Tokyo Press,1984.