粉质黏土隧道超前支护效应试验研究
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摘要
针对小导管注浆超前支护在粉质黏土隧道施工中出现"管难超前"和"浆难严注"的问题,以哈尔滨地铁1号线三期穿越粉质黏土地层区间为工程背景,通过系统研究小导管注浆对土体加固特性、支护结构承载力学效应、隧道稳定性等,揭示小导管注浆在粉质黏土隧道中的超前支护效应。研究结果表明:小导管注浆在粉质黏土地层中扩散范围小且极不均匀,其土体力学参数不存在质的提高,无法从根本上改变土体物理力学性质和形成有效厚度及强度的纵向加固层(梁)与横向加固圈(拱);超前支护在粉质黏土隧道中不具有约束围岩内部变形和延缓围岩荷载释放程度的时空效应,其对格栅钢架应力的"主动"分担调控作用不明显,二者未形成有效地联合承载支护体系;超前支护存在与否对隧道变形无明显影响,且基本都在15 d内达到稳定,监测范围内变形最大值仅为规范值1/2左右,隧道自身稳定性较好。
Aimed at the problem of small pipe grouting support difficult to install, and grout difficult to inject in silty clay,taking the third-phase project of Harbin Metro Line 1 as the engineering background, the reinforcement characteristics of small pipe grouting to soil, bearing mechanical effect of support structure and the structure stability of the tunnel were studied. The results show that the diffusion range of small pipe grouting in the silty clay layer is small and uneven, and the soil mechanics parameters do not improve the quality of the soil, the physical and mechanical properties of soil can not change fundamentally and longitudinal reinforcement(beam) and transverse reinforcement ring(arch) are formed with insufficient strength and thickness radically; the spatial and temporal effect of the pre support can not restrain the internal deformation of the surrounding rock and delay the release degree of the surrounding rock load, and the presupport of sharing the stress of the grid steel frame actively is not obvious, both of which can not form an effective joint bearing support system in the silty clay tunnel; whether the advance support exists or not does not affect the deformation of the tunnel, and it reaches stable basically in 15 d, its self stability is better, and the maximum deformation of the monitoring range is only about 1/2 of the standard value.
Aimed at the problem of small pipe grouting support difficult to install, and grout difficult to inject in silty clay,taking the third-phase project of Harbin Metro Line 1 as the engineering background, the reinforcement characteristics of small pipe grouting to soil, bearing mechanical effect of support structure and the structure stability of the tunnel were studied. The results show that the diffusion range of small pipe grouting in the silty clay layer is small and uneven, and the soil mechanics parameters do not improve the quality of the soil, the physical and mechanical properties of soil can not change fundamentally and longitudinal reinforcement(beam) and transverse reinforcement ring(arch) are formed with insufficient strength and thickness radically; the spatial and temporal effect of the pre support can not restrain the internal deformation of the surrounding rock and delay the release degree of the surrounding rock load, and the presupport of sharing the stress of the grid steel frame actively is not obvious, both of which can not form an effective joint bearing support system in the silty clay tunnel; whether the advance support exists or not does not affect the deformation of the tunnel, and it reaches stable basically in 15 d, its self stability is better, and the maximum deformation of the monitoring range is only about 1/2 of the standard value.
引文
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[14]BOHLOLI B,MORGAN E K,GR?V EIVIND,et al.Strength and filtration stability of cement grouts at room and true tunnelling temperatures[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2018,71(1):193-200.
[15]孙毅,张顶立.隧道复杂支护结构体系的协同作用原理[J].工程力学,2016,33(12):52-62.SUN Yi,ZHANG Dingli.Synergy principle of complex supporting structural systems in tunnels[J].Engineering Mechanics,2016,33(12):52-62.
[16]JUNEJA A,HEGDE A,LEE F H,et al.Centrifuge modelling of tunnel face reinforcement using forepoling[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2010,25(4):377-381.
[17]文竞舟,杨春雷,粟海涛,等.软弱破碎围岩隧道锚喷钢架联合支护的复合拱理论及应用研究[J].土木工程学报,2015,48(5):115-122.WEN Jingzhou,YANG Chunlei,SU Haitao,et al.Theoretical analysis and application of composite arch for bolt-shotcrete steel frame supported tunnel in weak and fractured rock mass[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2015,48(5):115-122.
[18]GB 50308-2008,城市轨道交通工程测量规范[S].GB 50308-2008,Code for unban rail transit engineering survey[S].
[2]王梦恕.北京地铁浅埋暗挖施工法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1989,8(1):52-62.WANG Mengshu.The boring excavation method and construction in Beijing metro[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1989,8(1):52-62.
[3]朱正国,孙星亮.干燥粉细砂隧道超前预加固与施工研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(9):1909-1916.ZHU Zhengguo,SUN Xingliang.Pre-reinforcement and construction of tunnel in dry fine sand layers[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(9):1909-1916.
[4]李奎,高波.地铁隧道下穿小河和桥梁的施工方案研究[J].岩土力学,2010,31(5):1509-1516.LI Kui,GAO Bo.Study of construction schemes for metro tunnel crossing river and bridge[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(5):1509-1516.
[5]曾祥国,赵师平,姚安林,等.小净距公路隧道小导管注浆工艺对围岩稳定性影响的有限元分析[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2008,40(4):1-6.ZENG Xiangguo,ZHAO Shiping,YAO Anlin,et al.Finite element analysis of small duct grouting effect on surrounding rock stability at small interval highway tunnel[J].Journal of Sichuan University(Engineering Science),2008,40(4):1-6.
[6]来弘鹏,康佐,谢永利,等.地铁区间隧道黄土地层注浆预加固技术研究[J].中国铁道科学,2014,35(1):47-54.LAI Hongpeng,KANG Zuo,XIE Yongli,et al.Grouting pre-reinforcement technology for metro tunnel in loess strata[J].China Railway Science,2014,35(1):47-54.
[7]吴旭平,杨新安,李亚翠,等.含软弱夹层浅埋隧道变形特性及控制指标研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(增刊1):2685-2691.WU Xuping,YANG Xin’an,LI Yacui,et al.Research on control indices and deformation characteristic of shallow tunnel with weak interlayer[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(Supp 1):2685-2691.
[8]刘维,唐晓武,甘鹏路,等.富水地层中重叠隧道施工引起土体变形研究[J].岩土工程学报,2013,35(6):1055-1061.LIU Wei,TANG Xiaowu,GAN Penglu,et al.Soil deformation induced by overlapping tunneling in water-bearing strata[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2013,35(6):1055-1061.
[9]李立新,邹金锋.破碎岩体隧道注浆参数确定方法[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2013,44(8):3432-3440.LI Lixin,ZOU Jinfeng.Design method of grouting parameters for broken rock tunnel[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2013,44(8):3432-3440.
[10]许宏发,耿汉生,刘伟东,等.基于BQ的破碎岩体注浆加固强度增长理论[J].岩土工程学报,2014,36(6):1147-1151.XU Hongfa,GENG Hansheng,LI Weidong,et al.Theory of strength increment of grouting-reinforced bodies for broken rock mass based on BQ[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2014,36(6):1147-1151.
[11]王峥峥,孙铁成,张胜林,等.断层破碎带岩溶大断面隧道坍塌事故处理[J].北京工业大学学报,2013,39(10):1494-1498.WANG Zhengzheng,SUN Tiecheng,ZHANG Shenglin,et al.Collapse treatment of faulted karst cave tunnel[J].Journal of Beijing University of Technology,2013,39(10):1494-1498.
[12]杨哲峰,高诗明,王双超,等.低渗透性地层隧道超前加固改进研究[J].铁道工程学报,2015,32(1):99-103.YANG Zhefeng,GAO Shiming,WANG Shuangchao,et al.Preceding reinforcing improvement research on the tunnel with low permeability stratum[J].Journal of Railway Engineering Society,2015,32(1):99-103.
[13]程盼,邹金锋,罗恒,等.松散填土层中注浆效果检测方法试验研究[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2013,44(9):3800-3806.CHENG Pan,ZOU Jinfeng,LUO Heng,et al.Experimental research on detection method of grouting effect in loose filled soil[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2013,44(9):3800-3806.
[14]BOHLOLI B,MORGAN E K,GR?V EIVIND,et al.Strength and filtration stability of cement grouts at room and true tunnelling temperatures[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2018,71(1):193-200.
[15]孙毅,张顶立.隧道复杂支护结构体系的协同作用原理[J].工程力学,2016,33(12):52-62.SUN Yi,ZHANG Dingli.Synergy principle of complex supporting structural systems in tunnels[J].Engineering Mechanics,2016,33(12):52-62.
[16]JUNEJA A,HEGDE A,LEE F H,et al.Centrifuge modelling of tunnel face reinforcement using forepoling[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2010,25(4):377-381.
[17]文竞舟,杨春雷,粟海涛,等.软弱破碎围岩隧道锚喷钢架联合支护的复合拱理论及应用研究[J].土木工程学报,2015,48(5):115-122.WEN Jingzhou,YANG Chunlei,SU Haitao,et al.Theoretical analysis and application of composite arch for bolt-shotcrete steel frame supported tunnel in weak and fractured rock mass[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2015,48(5):115-122.
[18]GB 50308-2008,城市轨道交通工程测量规范[S].GB 50308-2008,Code for unban rail transit engineering survey[S].