TA15钛合金β热变形行为及显微组织
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摘要
基于二元相图计算法和差示扫描量热法(DSC)精确测定了TA15钛合金的相变点。采用热模拟压缩实验、光学显微镜(OM)及电子背散射衍射技术(EBSD)和定量分析法研究了TA15钛合金的β热变形行为,分析了变形温度、应变速率和变形量对其流变应力和显微组织的影响规律。结果表明:TA15钛合金在β热变形时,流变应力曲线呈现两种软化态势:高应变速率条件下,流变应力曲线呈现动态再结晶型,而低应变速率条件下流变应力曲线呈现动态回复型;低应变速率下获得极细的片状马氏体微结构,而高应变速率下为粗大的板状马氏体微结构,且大角度晶界比例较低;应变速率对显微组织特征参数(β晶粒大小及不均匀性、β转变组织片层厚度以及长宽比)的影响较为显著。研究结果可为优化TA15钛合金β热变形工艺参数,获得良好的组织形态提供理论依据。
The phase transition point of TA15 titanium alloy was detected accurately by differential scanning calorimetry( DSC)method and calculation method based on the binary phase diagram. Hot deformation behavior in β field of TA15 titanium alloy was studied by thermal simulation compression experiment,optical microscope( OM),electron backscattered diffraction( EBSD) technology and quantitative analysis. Then the effects of deformation temperature,strain rate and deformation degree on flow stress and microstructure were analyzed. The results showed that the flow stress curves of TA15 titanium alloy through β filed hot deformation showed two kinds of softening style. The flow stress curves under high strain rate were dynamic recrystallization style,while those under low strain rate showed dynamic recovery curve style. Thin plate martensite microstructure was obtained through β thermal deformation at low strain rate and thick lath martensite microstructure with low proportion of large-angle grain boundaries was gained under high strain rate conditions. The influences of strain rate on microstructure characteristic parameters( β grain size and heterogeneity,average thickness and aspect ratio of β transformed lamellar microstructure) were significant. The results provided a theoretical basis for the optimization of β hot deformation process of TA15 titanium alloy to get fine microstructure.
The phase transition point of TA15 titanium alloy was detected accurately by differential scanning calorimetry( DSC)method and calculation method based on the binary phase diagram. Hot deformation behavior in β field of TA15 titanium alloy was studied by thermal simulation compression experiment,optical microscope( OM),electron backscattered diffraction( EBSD) technology and quantitative analysis. Then the effects of deformation temperature,strain rate and deformation degree on flow stress and microstructure were analyzed. The results showed that the flow stress curves of TA15 titanium alloy through β filed hot deformation showed two kinds of softening style. The flow stress curves under high strain rate were dynamic recrystallization style,while those under low strain rate showed dynamic recovery curve style. Thin plate martensite microstructure was obtained through β thermal deformation at low strain rate and thick lath martensite microstructure with low proportion of large-angle grain boundaries was gained under high strain rate conditions. The influences of strain rate on microstructure characteristic parameters( β grain size and heterogeneity,average thickness and aspect ratio of β transformed lamellar microstructure) were significant. The results provided a theoretical basis for the optimization of β hot deformation process of TA15 titanium alloy to get fine microstructure.
引文
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[20]Zeng W D,Wang K X,Zhao Y Q,Zhou J H,Wang X Y,Xu B,Zhou Y G.Quantification of microstructure features in(α+β)titanium alloys[J].Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2010,10(S1):505.(曾卫东,王凯旋,赵永庆,周建华,王晓英,徐斌,周义刚.(α+β)两相钛合金显微组织的定量分析和表征[J].中国有色金属学报,2010,20(S1):505.)
[21]Zeng W D,Zhou Y G.Influence of cooling rate on microstructure and mechanical properties of beta processed TC11 alloy[J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica,2002,38(12):1273.(曾卫东,周义刚.冷速对TC11合金β加工显微组织和力学性能的影响[J].金属学报,2002,38(12):1273.)
[2]Liu R,Hui S X,Ye W J,Xiong B Q,Yu Y,Fu Y Y.Dynamic fracture toughness of TA15ELI alloy studied by instrumented impact test[J].Rare Metals,2010,29(6):608.
[3]Xi B,Ju J H,Wang J,Shu Y,Wang R N,Zhang C J.Microstructure evolution of TA15 alloy during superplastic deformation[J].Chinese Journal of Rare Metals,2014,38(2):328.(席兵,巨建辉,王静,舒滢,王蕊宁,张嫦娟.TA15钛合金超塑性变形时的组织演变[J].稀有金属,2014,38(2):328.)
[4]Huang D H,Zhou J,Hong X,Chen R G,Zhao S F.Influence of quasiβforging on microstructure and mechanical properties of TC18 Ti alloy[J].Forging and Stamping Technology,2014,39(8):125.(黄定辉,周俊,洪鑫,陈瑞钢,赵顺峰.准β锻造工艺对TC18钛合金组织与性能的影响[J].锻压技术,2014,39(8):125.)
[5]Li S K,Hui S X,Ye W J,Yu Y,Xiong B Q.Effects of microstructure on damage tolerance properties of TA15ELI titanium alloy[J].Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2007,17(7):1119.(李士凯,惠松骁,叶文君,于洋,熊柏青.微观组织对TA15ELI钛合金损伤容限性能的影响[J].中国有色金属学报,2007,17(7):1119.)
[6]Zhu Z S,Wang X N,Tong L,Shang G Q.Research and application of damage tolerance titanium alloys for aeronautical use[J].Materials China,2010,29(5):14.(朱知寿,王昕南,童路,商国强.航空用损伤容限型钛合金研究与应用[J].中国材料进展,2010,29(5):14.)
[7]Cao C X.Change of material selection criterion and development of damage-tolerant titanium alloy[J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica,2002,38(S):4.(曹春晓.选材判据的变化与高损伤容限钛合金的发展[J].金属学报,2002,38(S):4.)
[8]Zhou Z B,Fei Y,Lai M J,Kou H C,Chang H,Shang G Q.,Zhu Z S,Li J S,Zhou L.Microstructure and mechanical properties of new metastableβtype titanium alloy[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2010.12(20):2253.
[9]Sun S Y,Deng C.Accurate calculation ofα+β/βphase transition of titanium alloys based on binary phase diagrams[J].Titanium Industry Progress,2011,28(3):21.(孙书英,邓超.基于二元相图精确计算钛合金α+β/β相变点[J].钛工业进展,2011,28(3):21.)
[10]Tian Y W,Miao Z,He Z L,Chen S K,Hu T T.Effects of testing conditions on titanium alloyβtransformation temperature with differential thermal analysis method[J].Rare Metal Materials and Engineering,2011,40(S2):599.(田弋纬,苗壮,何忠莲,陈绍楷,胡涛涛.测试条件对差热法测定钛合金β转变温度的影响[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2011,40(S2):599.)
[11]Quan G Z,Zhao L,Zhang Y W,Zhou J,Li P C.An identification and characterization for the dynamic recrystallization critical conditions of Ti-6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V alloy[J].Journal of Functional Material,2012,43(2):222.(权国政,赵磊,张艳伟,周杰,李蓬川.Ti-6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V合金热变形激活动态再结晶的临界条件识别及表征[J].功能材料,2012,43(2):222.)
[12]Li C M,Li P,Zhao M,Xue K M.Mechanical behavior and microstructure of TA15 titanium alloy during hot compression deformation[J].Journal of AeronauticalMaterials,2013,33(3):25.(李成铭,李萍,赵蒙,薛克敏.TA15钛合金高温压缩变形行为与组织研究[J].航空材料学报2013,33(3):25.)
[13]Wang X Y,Liu J R,Lei J F,Cao M Z,Liu Y Y.Effect of primary and secondaryαphase on tensile property and fracture toughness of Ti-1023 alloy[J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica,2007,43(11):1129.(王晓燕,刘建荣,雷家峰,曹名洲,刘羽寅.初生及次生α相对Ti-1023合金拉伸性能和断裂韧性的影响[J].金属学报,2007,43(11):1129.)
[14]Qiu J K,Ma Y J,Ji H B,Lei J F,Liu Y Y,Yang R.Effect of Mo content on grain growth behaviour and mechanical properties of titanium alloy[J].Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2013,23(S1):153.(邱建科,马英杰,吉海滨,雷家峰,刘羽寅,杨锐.Mo含量对钛合金晶粒长大行为及力学性能的影响[J].中国有色金属学报,2013,23(S1):153.)
[15]Lütjering G,Williams J C.Lei T,Yang X Y,Fang S M.Titanium[M].Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press,2011.157.(Lütjering G,Williams J C.雷霆,杨晓源,方树铭.钛[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2011.157.)
[16]Ouyang D L,Lu S Q,Cui X,Wang K L,Wu C.Dynamic recrystallization of TA15 titanium alloy duringβhot process at different strain rates[J].Rare Metal Materials and Engineering,2011,40(2):325.(欧阳德来,鲁世强,崔霞,王克鲁,吴超.不同应变速率下TA15钛合金β形变过程中动态再结晶行为[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2011,40(2):325.)
[17]Ouyang D L,Lu S Q,Huang X,Lei L M.Critical conditions of dynamic recrystallization during deformation ofβarea in TA15 titanium alloy[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2010,20(8):1539.(欧阳德来,鲁世强,黄旭,雷力明.TA15钛合金β区变形动态再结晶的临界条件[J].中国有色金属学报,2010,20(8):1539.)
[18]Zhang W F,Li X W,Ma J M,Zhu Z S.Effect ofβhot process on structure parameters for TA15 titanium alloy[J].Journal of Materials Engineering,2007,34(10):8.(张旺峰,李兴无,马继民,朱知寿.TA15钛合金β热变形对组织特征参数的影响规律研究[J].材料工程,2007,(10):8.)
[19]Yao Z K,Guo H Z,Su Z W,Sun K B,Xu Y C,Cao X Q.Effect of microstructure and recrystallization and mechanical properties of two-phase(α+β)Ti alloy[J].Rare Metal Materials and Engineering,2000,29(5):340.(姚泽坤,郭鸿镇,苏祖武,孙开本,徐永超,曹晓卿.热力参数对α+β两相钛合金再结晶百分数和力学性能的影响[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2000,29(5):340.)
[20]Zeng W D,Wang K X,Zhao Y Q,Zhou J H,Wang X Y,Xu B,Zhou Y G.Quantification of microstructure features in(α+β)titanium alloys[J].Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2010,10(S1):505.(曾卫东,王凯旋,赵永庆,周建华,王晓英,徐斌,周义刚.(α+β)两相钛合金显微组织的定量分析和表征[J].中国有色金属学报,2010,20(S1):505.)
[21]Zeng W D,Zhou Y G.Influence of cooling rate on microstructure and mechanical properties of beta processed TC11 alloy[J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica,2002,38(12):1273.(曾卫东,周义刚.冷速对TC11合金β加工显微组织和力学性能的影响[J].金属学报,2002,38(12):1273.)