基于主成分及聚类分析的川明参的综合评价
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摘要
目的综合评价不同产地川明参资源的产量和品质,为川明参育种和高产栽培提供理论依据和参考。方法对25份来源于不同产地的川明参栽培居群8个主要农艺性状及2个品质性状进行主成分分析,进一步进行综合评价及聚类分析。结果供试材料的茎叶鲜质量、茎叶干质量、根鲜质量、根干质量、多糖量的变异系数较大,株高、主根长及主根粗的变异系数相对较小。主成分分析表明,10个主要性状可用4个主成分来表述,其累积贡献率达87.304%,分别归纳为高产因子、品质因子、株型因子和株高因子。样品1的综合得分最高,为矮杆高产优质型材料;样品13的综合得分最低,为高杆低产优质型材料。聚类分析可将供试样品分为5类,分别为长根高产优质型、根重劣质型、低产劣质型、高杆低产优质型及矮杆高产优质型材料。结论通过主成分分析及聚类分析对川明参进行综合评价的方法可靠;四川川明参资源丰富,可从中选择优质资源,为川明参新品种选育提供基础。
Objective To comprehensively compare and evaluate the yield and quality of Chuanmingshen violaceum and provide a basis for breeding and high-yield cultivation. Methods The principal component analysis of eight main agronomic characters and two quality characters from 25 cultivated populations of C. violaceum came from different origins in Sichuan Province were analyzed, and the comprehensive evaluation and cluster analysis were carried out. Results The results showed that fresh and dry weight of stem and leaf, fresh and dry weight of root and polysaccharide content had greater coefficients of variation among species, while plant height, length, and diameter of taproot had smaller coefficients of variation. Principal component analysis showed that the 10 main traits might be represented by four principal components, and the cumulative contribution rate was 87.304%, and induced that high yield factor, quality factor, plant type factor, and plant height factor respectively. The comprehensive score of sample 1 was the highest, which was the low-height, high-yield, and good-quality material, and the comprehensive score of sample 13 was the lowest, which was the high-height and high-quality and low-yield material. The test materials could be divided into five types by cluster analysis, namely, long-term and high-yield and high-quality material, heavy-root and poor-quality material, low-yield and poor-quality material, high-height and low-yield and good-quality material, and dwarf and high-yield and good-quality material. Conclusion The comprehensive evaluation method is reliable by the principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The resource of C. violaceum in Sichuan is rich. We can choose some high quality resources among them to provide the basis for the selection of new varieties of Sichuan Province.
Objective To comprehensively compare and evaluate the yield and quality of Chuanmingshen violaceum and provide a basis for breeding and high-yield cultivation. Methods The principal component analysis of eight main agronomic characters and two quality characters from 25 cultivated populations of C. violaceum came from different origins in Sichuan Province were analyzed, and the comprehensive evaluation and cluster analysis were carried out. Results The results showed that fresh and dry weight of stem and leaf, fresh and dry weight of root and polysaccharide content had greater coefficients of variation among species, while plant height, length, and diameter of taproot had smaller coefficients of variation. Principal component analysis showed that the 10 main traits might be represented by four principal components, and the cumulative contribution rate was 87.304%, and induced that high yield factor, quality factor, plant type factor, and plant height factor respectively. The comprehensive score of sample 1 was the highest, which was the low-height, high-yield, and good-quality material, and the comprehensive score of sample 13 was the lowest, which was the high-height and high-quality and low-yield material. The test materials could be divided into five types by cluster analysis, namely, long-term and high-yield and high-quality material, heavy-root and poor-quality material, low-yield and poor-quality material, high-height and low-yield and good-quality material, and dwarf and high-yield and good-quality material. Conclusion The comprehensive evaluation method is reliable by the principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The resource of C. violaceum in Sichuan is rich. We can choose some high quality resources among them to provide the basis for the selection of new varieties of Sichuan Province.
引文
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[21]宋春凤,吴宝成,周伟,等.基于psb A-trn H序列变异分析川明参属亲缘关系及分类地位[J].植物资源与环境学报,2014,23(2):19-26.
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[26]Song X,Yin Z,Zhao X,et al.Antiviral activity of sulfated Chuanmingshen violaceum polysaccharide against Newcastle disease virus[J].Gener Virol,2013,94(10):2164-2174.
[27]赵兴洪,殷中琼,贾仁勇,等.川明参多糖及其硫酸化物对小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖的影响[J].中国免疫学杂志,2014,30(2):213-221.
[28]李宏,赵波,刘静,等.RP-HPLC测定川明参药材中香豆素含量[J].成都医学院学报,2010,5(2):122.
[29]雷晓莉,张梅.不同加工方法对川明参多糖及欧前胡素含量的影响[J].中药与临床,2012,3(2):34-35.
[30]曾庆秋,严铸云,汪杨丽,等.微肥处理对连作川明参中总多糖含量的影响[J].中国药业,2007,16(21):8-9.
[31]雷晓莉,宋芳芳,彭成,等.不同产地川明参药材中多糖含量测定[J].中药与临床,2011,2(1):49-50.
[32]曹柳,王晓宇,周先建,等.四川省不同产地川明参中多糖和欧前胡素含量的测定[J].中成药,2016,38(2):373-377.
[33]唐启义,冯明光.实用统计分析及其DPS数据处理系统[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.
[34]盖钧镒.作物育种学各论[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1995.
[35]袁志文,周静宇.多元统计分析[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.
[36]谭远德,鲁成,向仲怀.品种综合评价的数学方法[J].生物数学学报,2000,15(4):457-466.
[37]陈丹丹,彭成.川明参的药理作用及开发前景[J].中药与临床,2011,2(2):35-37.
[2]陈朝霞,张梅,陈璐.川明参对大鼠的长期毒性实验研究[J].时珍国医国药,2013,24(9):2104-2017.
[3]陈胡兰,苏筱琳,邓贇,等.川明参药效活性部位化学成分研究[J].中成药,2008,30(9):1334-1336.
[4]饶高雄,王兴文,刘启新,等.川明参的化学成分[J].云南植物研究,1996,18(3):359-360.
[5]周燕,彭树林,吕发强,等.川明参根部的化学成分[J].天然产物研究与开发,1998,11(6):15-17.
[6]王明安,彭树林,王明奎,等.川明参茎叶中的化学成分[J].高等学校化学报,2002,23(8):539-1541.
[7]李邦经,彭树林,梁婕,等.川明参须根中的化学成分[J].中草药,2004,35(6):616-618.
[8]邵承斌,李宏,吴鹤麟,等.川明参营养化学成分的研究[J].中草药,1997,28(10):590-591.
[9]赵波,李宏,任波,等.川明参不同加工品化学成分指纹图谱比较研究[J].中成药,2011,33(4):557-559.
[10]金滨滨,陈朝霞,陈璐,等.川明参地上部分与根的化学成分比较研究[J].中药与临床,2013,4(6):7-10.
[11]郝安辉,张兴国,李坤伦,等.不同生长年限及不同部位川明参红外光谱研究[J].时珍国医国药,2016,27(11):2665-2667.
[12]孙佩,童文,叶霄,等.川明参栽培后期生长动态与品质相关性探讨[J].天然产物研究与开发,2017(29):1154-1159.
[13]岳媛,杨晓阳,肖佳佳,等.ICP-MS法测定川明参中6种重金属元素[J].中草药,2016,47(9):1595-1600.
[14]徐玉玲,谢敏,张佳,等.川明参提取物质量标准的构建[J].成都大学学报:自然科学版,2017,36(3):230-234.
[15]张梅,雨田,苏筱琳,等.川明参镇咳祛痰药理作用研究[J].时珍国医国药,2006,17(7):1121-1122.
[16]张梅,苏筱琳,雨田,等.川明参药理作用初步研究[J].中药药理与临床,2007,23(2):49-50.
[17]刘涛,唐开城,谢敏,等.川明参产地加工方法初步[J].成都大学学报:自然科学版,2016,3(4):331-334.
[18]黄彭,张长贵,张超,等.川明参含片加工工艺的优化[J].贵州农业科学,2017,45(5):113-118.
[19]邱英雄,傅承新,吴斐捷.明党参与川明参群体遗传结构及分子鉴定的ISSR分析[J].中国中药杂志,2003,28(7):598-603.
[20]陶晓瑜,桂先群,傅承新,等.明党参和川明参种间遗传分化和系统关系的分子标记和ITS序列分析[J].浙江大学学报:农业与生命科学版,2008,34(5):473-481.
[21]宋春凤,吴宝成,周伟,等.基于psb A-trn H序列变异分析川明参属亲缘关系及分类地位[J].植物资源与环境学报,2014,23(2):19-26.
[22]杨玉霞,胡平,夏燕莉,等.川明参种质资源遗传多样性的SRAP分析[J].中草药,2016,47(11):1943-1949.
[23]李宏,邵承斌.川明参多糖的抗突变性研究——对蚕豆根细胞微核的影响[J].渝州大学学报,1996,13(4):24.
[24]Song X,Xu J,Yin Z,et al.Effects of polysaccharide from Chuanminshen violaceum on immune response of newcastle disease vaccine in chicken[J].Acta Sci Veterinari,2013,41(1):24.
[25]Song X,Li L,Yin Z,et al.Antiviral activity of sulfated Chuanminshen violaceum polysaccharide against duck enteritis virus in vitro[J].Antiviral Res,2013,98(2):344-351.
[26]Song X,Yin Z,Zhao X,et al.Antiviral activity of sulfated Chuanmingshen violaceum polysaccharide against Newcastle disease virus[J].Gener Virol,2013,94(10):2164-2174.
[27]赵兴洪,殷中琼,贾仁勇,等.川明参多糖及其硫酸化物对小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖的影响[J].中国免疫学杂志,2014,30(2):213-221.
[28]李宏,赵波,刘静,等.RP-HPLC测定川明参药材中香豆素含量[J].成都医学院学报,2010,5(2):122.
[29]雷晓莉,张梅.不同加工方法对川明参多糖及欧前胡素含量的影响[J].中药与临床,2012,3(2):34-35.
[30]曾庆秋,严铸云,汪杨丽,等.微肥处理对连作川明参中总多糖含量的影响[J].中国药业,2007,16(21):8-9.
[31]雷晓莉,宋芳芳,彭成,等.不同产地川明参药材中多糖含量测定[J].中药与临床,2011,2(1):49-50.
[32]曹柳,王晓宇,周先建,等.四川省不同产地川明参中多糖和欧前胡素含量的测定[J].中成药,2016,38(2):373-377.
[33]唐启义,冯明光.实用统计分析及其DPS数据处理系统[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.
[34]盖钧镒.作物育种学各论[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1995.
[35]袁志文,周静宇.多元统计分析[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.
[36]谭远德,鲁成,向仲怀.品种综合评价的数学方法[J].生物数学学报,2000,15(4):457-466.
[37]陈丹丹,彭成.川明参的药理作用及开发前景[J].中药与临床,2011,2(2):35-37.