硝基苯分析方法综述
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摘要
对硝基苯分析方法进行归纳和综述。硝基苯的分析方法有电化学法、分光光度法、气相色谱法、高效液相色谱法,以及联用方法如吹扫捕集与色谱、质谱联用,固相微萃取与色谱、质谱联用等。其中的联用方法高效、简单、快速;色谱法是普遍适用且最具有应用前景的有效方法;光度法设备价格低廉、操作简单,在实际工作中得到不断改进,方法的精密度和准确度大为提高,值得推广。
Analytical methods for the analysis of nitrobenzene were summarized. The analytical methods for nitrobenzene were introduced included electrochemical method, spectrophotometry, gas chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography and combination methods such as purging and trapping combined with chromatography or mass spectrometry; solid phase microextraction combined with chromatography or mass spectrometry and so on. The combination methos were efficient, sample and fast; the chromatography was a promising method for its universal application; the photometric method was with inexpensive equipment and simple operation, which was developed in practice and the precision and accuracy were improved, it was worth pormoting.
Analytical methods for the analysis of nitrobenzene were summarized. The analytical methods for nitrobenzene were introduced included electrochemical method, spectrophotometry, gas chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography and combination methods such as purging and trapping combined with chromatography or mass spectrometry; solid phase microextraction combined with chromatography or mass spectrometry and so on. The combination methos were efficient, sample and fast; the chromatography was a promising method for its universal application; the photometric method was with inexpensive equipment and simple operation, which was developed in practice and the precision and accuracy were improved, it was worth pormoting.
引文
[1]LEE K B,GU M B,MOON S H.Degradation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene by immobilized horseradish peroxidase and electrogenerated peroxide[J].Water research,2003,37:983-992.
[2]胡荣,李伟,池伟林,等.壳聚糖季铵盐修饰电极对硝基苯的测定[J].分析测试学报,2008,27(11):1 176-1 180.
[3]童雷,乔涛,朱培德.水和废水中微量硝基苯的电化学法检测[J].化学传感器,2009,29(2):62-64.
[4]TREDICI I,MERLI D,ZAVARISE F,et al.α-Cyclodextrins chemically modified gold electrode for the determination of nitroaromatic compounds[J].Electroanalytical chemistry,2010,645:22-27.
[5]HRAPOVIC S,MAJID E,LUONG J H,et al.Metallic nanoparticle?Carbon nanotube composites for electrochemical determination of explosive nitroaromatic compounds[J].Analytical chemistry,2006,78:5 504-5 112.
[6]GUO C X,LU Z S,LEI Y,et al.Ionic liquid-graphene composite for ultratrace explosive trinitrotoluene detection[J].Electrochemistry communication,2010(12):1 237-1 240.
[7]YANG Q,LIANG Y,ZHOU T,et al.TNT determination based on its degradation by immobilized HRP with electrochemical sensor[J].Electrochemistry communications,2008(10):1 176-1 179.
[8]UZER A,ER?A?E,APAK R.Selective colorimetric determination of TNT partitioned between an alkaline solution and a strongly basic Dowex 1-X8 anion exchanger[J].Forensic science international,2008,174:239-243.
[9]MATTA R,HANNA K,CHIRON S.Fenton-like oxidation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene using different iron minerals[J].Science of the total environment,2007,385:242-251.
[10]KAZARINOV V E,BAGOTZKY V S,YU B V.Electrocatalytic methods for determination of organic impurities and cations of certain metals in natural,drinking and sewage water[J].Appl electrochem,1988,18(3):347-356.
[11]KUCHMENKO T A,LISITSKAYA R P,KORENMAN Y I.Selective determination of aromatic compounds in air with the use of piezoelectric microweighing and air filtration[J].Anal Proc,1989,26(1):12-15.
[12]陈颖,梁凯,徐辉,等.废水中硝基苯的分光光度法测定研究[J].首都师范大学学报(自然科学版),1998,19(3):72-76.
[13]HEIMBURGER,STANGLEY A,MENG Y.Bleaching agent options for deinked stocks hinge on content of Furnish[J].Pulp Pap,1992,66(1):79.
[14]ESCRIG-TENAA I,ALVAREZ RODRíGUEZA L,ESTEVE-ROMEROA J,et al.Micellar modified spectrophotometric determination of nitrobenzenes based upon reduction with tin(Ⅱ),diazotisation and coupling with the Bratton-Marshall reagent[J].Talanta,1998(47):43-52.
[15]张波,林君,邵明武,等.化学计量学分光光度测定混合硝基苯[J].北京工业大学学报,2000,26(2):18-19.
[16]邵明武,林君,邱雪梅,等.多元回归-紫外分光光度法同时测定硝基苯类化合物[J].中国环境监测,2000,16(1):30-32.
[17]李伸后,李贵青,黄小刚,等.荧光分析法快速测定天然水样中苯胺[J].环境科学丛刊,1986(8):13-16.
[18]邢书才,田衍.还原-偶氮光度法测定水中硝基苯优化测定条件研究[J].工业水处理,2016,36(5):90-93.
[19]尹莉莉,张万峰.还原一偶氮光度法测定水中硝基苯的方法探讨[J].北方环境,2005,30(1):60-61.
[20]范以辉,惠焕强.浅谈分光光度法和分光光度计的原理及其应用[J].计量与测试技术,2006,33(12):11-12.
[21]谢宏兴,黄和明.原子吸收在溶液吸光光度分析中的应用[J].光谱实验室,1989(5):233.
[22]邓昭祥,李守权.水体中有机污染物的快速检测方法和仪器的研究[J].化学工程与装备,2017(5):233-235.
[23]叶宪曾,张新祥,等.仪器分析教程[M].2版.北京:北京大学出版社,2007.
[24]宋冰冰,邓武军,林海兰,等.气相色谱法快速测定水中硝基苯类化合物研究[J].环境科学与管理,2016,41(1):136-138.
[25]谭芳,袁中秋,吴克昊,等.气相色谱法测定水环境中甲苯及硝基苯类化合物含量[J].江汉大学学报(自然科学版),2015,43(6):530-532.
[26]EPA 609 Nitroaromatics and isophorone[S].
[27]魏恩棋,李利荣,吴宇峰,等.《水质硝基苯类化合物的测定气相色谱-质谱法》编制说明(征求意见稿)[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社出版,2010.
[28]牛群鸣,陈涛,牟义军,等.气相色谱-电子捕获检测器和气相色谱-质谱法分析地表水中氯苯类和硝基苯类化合物[J].化工时刊,2013,27(2):1-5.
[29]HJ 716-2014水质硝基苯类化合物的测定气相色谱-质谱法[S].
[30]李利荣,魏恩棋,时庭锐,等.气相色谱法测定水体中15种硝基苯类化合物的含量[J].理化检验(化学分册),2011,47(12):1 436-1 439.
[31]黄中,滕飞,陈是,等.气相色谱法测定水样中硝基苯类化合物含量[J].理化检验(化学分册),2013,49(5):587-589.
[32]EBRAHIMZADEH H,YAMINI Y,KAMAREI F.Application of headspace solvent microextraction to the analysis of mononitrotoluenes in waste water samples[J].Talanta,2007,72(1):193-198.
[33]EBRAHIMZADEH H,YAMINI Y,Kamarei F.Optimization of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with gas chromatography for the analysis of nitroaromatic compounds in water[J].Talanta,2009,79(5):1 472-1 477.
[34]YOSHINORI N,TAMEO O.Determination of nitrobenzenes in river water,sediment and fish samples by gas chromatographymass spectrometry[J].Analytica chimica acta,1995,312:45-55.
[35]XI T P,ZHAO X,Yu Q F.Preparation of phenothiazine bonded silica gel as sorbents of solid phase extraction and their application for determination of nitrobenzene compounds in environmental water by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry[J].Journal of chromatography A,2011,1 218:9 314-9 320.
[36]ZHANG G J,ZhOU X,ZANG X H,et al.Analysis of nitrobenzene compounds in water and soil samples by graphene composite-based solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry[J].Chinese chemical letters,2014,25:1 449-1 454.
[37]刘淑容.吹扫捕集-气相色谱-质谱法测定地表水中5种硝基苯类化合物[J].化学分析计量,2016,25(2):75-77.
[38]徐红,侯健.高效液相色谱的色谱柱的类型和流动相的选择方法[J].计量与测试技术,2010,37(2):10-11.
[39]王建刚,郭景海,张健,等.高效液相色谱法测定废水中硝基苯含量[J].吉林化工学院学报,2003,20(4):40-41.
[40]余彬彬,王晖,丁苗,等.高效液相色谱法测定地表水中硝基苯类化合物[J].环境监控与预警,2016,8(6):29-31.
[41]WANG S P,CHEN H J.Separation and determination of nitrobenzenes by micellar electrokinetic chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography[J].Chromatography A,2002,979:439-446.
[42]SHIRO Y.Nitrobenzenes in reversed-phase liquid chromatography.New candidates for internal standards[J].Chromatography A,1995,704:323-328.
[43]李云龙,丁丽霞,金少鸿,等.2010版中国药品检验标准操作规范[M].北京:国医药科技出版社,2010.
[44]吕国晓,尹军,刘蕾,等.高效液相色谱法测定环境水体中的硝基苯[J].吉林建筑工程学院学报,2008,25(3):21-22.
[45]刘明,王福军,雷军,等.固相萃取高效液相色谱法测定水中硝基苯含量[J].环境化学,2006,25(4):51-52.
[46]王小芳,金铨,任韧,等.高效液相色谱法同时测定化妆品中的8种硝基苯类化合物[J].中国卫生检验杂志,2014,24(8):1 094-1 097.
[47]L R施耐德,J L格莱吉克,J J柯克兰,等.实用高效液相色谱法的建立[M].北京:科学出版社,1998.
[48]季学兵.极谱测定苯胺中微量硝基苯的方法研究[J].化学工业与工程技术,2011,32(3):14-17.
[49]张迎,张秋华,刘茂玲,等.薄层层析法分析苯胂酸类及硝基苯类化合物[J].饲料广角,2000(7):26-19.
[2]胡荣,李伟,池伟林,等.壳聚糖季铵盐修饰电极对硝基苯的测定[J].分析测试学报,2008,27(11):1 176-1 180.
[3]童雷,乔涛,朱培德.水和废水中微量硝基苯的电化学法检测[J].化学传感器,2009,29(2):62-64.
[4]TREDICI I,MERLI D,ZAVARISE F,et al.α-Cyclodextrins chemically modified gold electrode for the determination of nitroaromatic compounds[J].Electroanalytical chemistry,2010,645:22-27.
[5]HRAPOVIC S,MAJID E,LUONG J H,et al.Metallic nanoparticle?Carbon nanotube composites for electrochemical determination of explosive nitroaromatic compounds[J].Analytical chemistry,2006,78:5 504-5 112.
[6]GUO C X,LU Z S,LEI Y,et al.Ionic liquid-graphene composite for ultratrace explosive trinitrotoluene detection[J].Electrochemistry communication,2010(12):1 237-1 240.
[7]YANG Q,LIANG Y,ZHOU T,et al.TNT determination based on its degradation by immobilized HRP with electrochemical sensor[J].Electrochemistry communications,2008(10):1 176-1 179.
[8]UZER A,ER?A?E,APAK R.Selective colorimetric determination of TNT partitioned between an alkaline solution and a strongly basic Dowex 1-X8 anion exchanger[J].Forensic science international,2008,174:239-243.
[9]MATTA R,HANNA K,CHIRON S.Fenton-like oxidation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene using different iron minerals[J].Science of the total environment,2007,385:242-251.
[10]KAZARINOV V E,BAGOTZKY V S,YU B V.Electrocatalytic methods for determination of organic impurities and cations of certain metals in natural,drinking and sewage water[J].Appl electrochem,1988,18(3):347-356.
[11]KUCHMENKO T A,LISITSKAYA R P,KORENMAN Y I.Selective determination of aromatic compounds in air with the use of piezoelectric microweighing and air filtration[J].Anal Proc,1989,26(1):12-15.
[12]陈颖,梁凯,徐辉,等.废水中硝基苯的分光光度法测定研究[J].首都师范大学学报(自然科学版),1998,19(3):72-76.
[13]HEIMBURGER,STANGLEY A,MENG Y.Bleaching agent options for deinked stocks hinge on content of Furnish[J].Pulp Pap,1992,66(1):79.
[14]ESCRIG-TENAA I,ALVAREZ RODRíGUEZA L,ESTEVE-ROMEROA J,et al.Micellar modified spectrophotometric determination of nitrobenzenes based upon reduction with tin(Ⅱ),diazotisation and coupling with the Bratton-Marshall reagent[J].Talanta,1998(47):43-52.
[15]张波,林君,邵明武,等.化学计量学分光光度测定混合硝基苯[J].北京工业大学学报,2000,26(2):18-19.
[16]邵明武,林君,邱雪梅,等.多元回归-紫外分光光度法同时测定硝基苯类化合物[J].中国环境监测,2000,16(1):30-32.
[17]李伸后,李贵青,黄小刚,等.荧光分析法快速测定天然水样中苯胺[J].环境科学丛刊,1986(8):13-16.
[18]邢书才,田衍.还原-偶氮光度法测定水中硝基苯优化测定条件研究[J].工业水处理,2016,36(5):90-93.
[19]尹莉莉,张万峰.还原一偶氮光度法测定水中硝基苯的方法探讨[J].北方环境,2005,30(1):60-61.
[20]范以辉,惠焕强.浅谈分光光度法和分光光度计的原理及其应用[J].计量与测试技术,2006,33(12):11-12.
[21]谢宏兴,黄和明.原子吸收在溶液吸光光度分析中的应用[J].光谱实验室,1989(5):233.
[22]邓昭祥,李守权.水体中有机污染物的快速检测方法和仪器的研究[J].化学工程与装备,2017(5):233-235.
[23]叶宪曾,张新祥,等.仪器分析教程[M].2版.北京:北京大学出版社,2007.
[24]宋冰冰,邓武军,林海兰,等.气相色谱法快速测定水中硝基苯类化合物研究[J].环境科学与管理,2016,41(1):136-138.
[25]谭芳,袁中秋,吴克昊,等.气相色谱法测定水环境中甲苯及硝基苯类化合物含量[J].江汉大学学报(自然科学版),2015,43(6):530-532.
[26]EPA 609 Nitroaromatics and isophorone[S].
[27]魏恩棋,李利荣,吴宇峰,等.《水质硝基苯类化合物的测定气相色谱-质谱法》编制说明(征求意见稿)[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社出版,2010.
[28]牛群鸣,陈涛,牟义军,等.气相色谱-电子捕获检测器和气相色谱-质谱法分析地表水中氯苯类和硝基苯类化合物[J].化工时刊,2013,27(2):1-5.
[29]HJ 716-2014水质硝基苯类化合物的测定气相色谱-质谱法[S].
[30]李利荣,魏恩棋,时庭锐,等.气相色谱法测定水体中15种硝基苯类化合物的含量[J].理化检验(化学分册),2011,47(12):1 436-1 439.
[31]黄中,滕飞,陈是,等.气相色谱法测定水样中硝基苯类化合物含量[J].理化检验(化学分册),2013,49(5):587-589.
[32]EBRAHIMZADEH H,YAMINI Y,KAMAREI F.Application of headspace solvent microextraction to the analysis of mononitrotoluenes in waste water samples[J].Talanta,2007,72(1):193-198.
[33]EBRAHIMZADEH H,YAMINI Y,Kamarei F.Optimization of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with gas chromatography for the analysis of nitroaromatic compounds in water[J].Talanta,2009,79(5):1 472-1 477.
[34]YOSHINORI N,TAMEO O.Determination of nitrobenzenes in river water,sediment and fish samples by gas chromatographymass spectrometry[J].Analytica chimica acta,1995,312:45-55.
[35]XI T P,ZHAO X,Yu Q F.Preparation of phenothiazine bonded silica gel as sorbents of solid phase extraction and their application for determination of nitrobenzene compounds in environmental water by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry[J].Journal of chromatography A,2011,1 218:9 314-9 320.
[36]ZHANG G J,ZhOU X,ZANG X H,et al.Analysis of nitrobenzene compounds in water and soil samples by graphene composite-based solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry[J].Chinese chemical letters,2014,25:1 449-1 454.
[37]刘淑容.吹扫捕集-气相色谱-质谱法测定地表水中5种硝基苯类化合物[J].化学分析计量,2016,25(2):75-77.
[38]徐红,侯健.高效液相色谱的色谱柱的类型和流动相的选择方法[J].计量与测试技术,2010,37(2):10-11.
[39]王建刚,郭景海,张健,等.高效液相色谱法测定废水中硝基苯含量[J].吉林化工学院学报,2003,20(4):40-41.
[40]余彬彬,王晖,丁苗,等.高效液相色谱法测定地表水中硝基苯类化合物[J].环境监控与预警,2016,8(6):29-31.
[41]WANG S P,CHEN H J.Separation and determination of nitrobenzenes by micellar electrokinetic chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography[J].Chromatography A,2002,979:439-446.
[42]SHIRO Y.Nitrobenzenes in reversed-phase liquid chromatography.New candidates for internal standards[J].Chromatography A,1995,704:323-328.
[43]李云龙,丁丽霞,金少鸿,等.2010版中国药品检验标准操作规范[M].北京:国医药科技出版社,2010.
[44]吕国晓,尹军,刘蕾,等.高效液相色谱法测定环境水体中的硝基苯[J].吉林建筑工程学院学报,2008,25(3):21-22.
[45]刘明,王福军,雷军,等.固相萃取高效液相色谱法测定水中硝基苯含量[J].环境化学,2006,25(4):51-52.
[46]王小芳,金铨,任韧,等.高效液相色谱法同时测定化妆品中的8种硝基苯类化合物[J].中国卫生检验杂志,2014,24(8):1 094-1 097.
[47]L R施耐德,J L格莱吉克,J J柯克兰,等.实用高效液相色谱法的建立[M].北京:科学出版社,1998.
[48]季学兵.极谱测定苯胺中微量硝基苯的方法研究[J].化学工业与工程技术,2011,32(3):14-17.
[49]张迎,张秋华,刘茂玲,等.薄层层析法分析苯胂酸类及硝基苯类化合物[J].饲料广角,2000(7):26-19.