中国磷矿石选矿工艺研究现状
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摘要
磷矿是具有战略意义的非金属矿,具有不可替代性、不可再生性。我国磷矿资源丰富,但易选的沉积变质磷灰岩少,难选的磷块岩储量多。根据磷矿石的矿物学性质、矿床成因,将磷矿石分为岩浆岩型磷灰石、沉积变质岩型磷灰岩、沉积岩型磷块岩。岩浆岩型磷灰石的选矿方法有浮选法、磁浮联合工艺流程;沉积变质岩型磷灰岩中磷矿物嵌布粒度较粗,可浮性较好,采用直接浮选法、擦洗脱泥—浮选联合流程等工艺;沉积型磷块岩宜采用浮选法、重选法、重—浮联合流程、磁—浮联合流程、擦洗脱泥—浮选联合流程以及焙烧—消化工艺。针对我国磷矿石大部分为中低品位矿石、结晶微细、隐晶质、可选性差的特点,提出了浮选法与其他选矿方法的联合使用是处理此类难选矿石的主要方向。
Phosphate rock is a non-metallic ore with strategic significance,irreplaceable and non-renewable.In China the phosphate rock is rich.However,there are few readily available sedimentary metamorphic apatite rocks and more refractory phosphate rock blocks.According to the mineralogical characteristics of phosphate rock,the phosphate ore is classified as magmatic rock apatite,sedimentary metamorphic phosphorite and sedimentary rock type phosphate.The magmatic rock apatite beneficiation method contains flotation method,magnetic-flotation combined process.Phosphorus minerals are distributed in sedimentary metamorphic phosphorite with embedded coarse grain size,has good floatability,which use direct flotation method,scrubbing desliming-flotation combined process.Sedimentary rock type phosphate suitable using flotation method,gravity method,gravity-flotation combined process,magnetic-floatation combined process,scrubbing desliming-flotation combined process and roasting-digestion process.For most of China's phosphate rock is low-grade,crystalline fine,cryptocrystalline,poor selectivity characteristics,it is proposed that the combined use of flotation and other beneficiation methods is the main direction to deal with such refractory ore.
Phosphate rock is a non-metallic ore with strategic significance,irreplaceable and non-renewable.In China the phosphate rock is rich.However,there are few readily available sedimentary metamorphic apatite rocks and more refractory phosphate rock blocks.According to the mineralogical characteristics of phosphate rock,the phosphate ore is classified as magmatic rock apatite,sedimentary metamorphic phosphorite and sedimentary rock type phosphate.The magmatic rock apatite beneficiation method contains flotation method,magnetic-flotation combined process.Phosphorus minerals are distributed in sedimentary metamorphic phosphorite with embedded coarse grain size,has good floatability,which use direct flotation method,scrubbing desliming-flotation combined process.Sedimentary rock type phosphate suitable using flotation method,gravity method,gravity-flotation combined process,magnetic-floatation combined process,scrubbing desliming-flotation combined process and roasting-digestion process.For most of China's phosphate rock is low-grade,crystalline fine,cryptocrystalline,poor selectivity characteristics,it is proposed that the combined use of flotation and other beneficiation methods is the main direction to deal with such refractory ore.
引文
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[2]张苏江,夏浩东,唐文龙,等.中国磷矿资源现状分析及可持续发展建议[J].中国矿业,2014,23(2):8-13.Zhang Sujiang,Xia Haodong,Tang Wenlong,et al.Current status and sustainable development of phosphorite resources in China[J].China Mining Magazine,2014,23(2):8-13.
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[13]杜令攀,陈赐云,钟晋,等.浅析磷矿选矿技术进展与问题对策[J].化工矿物与加工,2016(1):57-61.Du Lingpan,Chen Ciyun,Zhong Jin,et al.Brief analysis of phosphate beneficiation technology progress and problem countermeasures[J].Industrial Minerals and Processing,2016(1):57-61.
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[15]张旭,王雅静,戴惠新,等.云南某胶磷矿浮选试验研究[J].化工矿物与加工,2011(4):5-8.Zhang Xu,Wang Yajing,Dai Huixin,et al.Flotation experiments of acollphanite ore in Yunnan province[J].Industrial Minerals and Processing,2011(4):5-8.
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[17]李冬莲,张央,牛芳银.中低品位磷矿重介质选矿试验[J].武汉工程大学学报,2007,29(4):29-32.Li Donglian,Zhang Yang,Niu Fangyin.Study on dense medium separation laboratory scale testwork of middle and low grade phorsphate ore[J].Journal of Wuhan Institute of Technology,2007,29(4):29-32.
[18]罗惠华,柏中能,钟康年,等.云南海口中低品位胶磷矿选矿工艺研究[J].武汉工程大学学报,2008,30(2):12-14.Luo Huihua,Bai Zhongneng,Zhong Kangnian,et al.Discussion on beneficiation for a mid-low grade collophanite ore of Yunnan Haikou[J].Journal of Wuhan Institute of Technology,2008,30(2):12-14.
[19]罗伍容,张晖,潘行,等.胶磷矿反浮选脱镁捕收剂合成及应用研究[J].化工矿物与加工,2013(2):5-8.Luo Wurong,Zhang Hui,Pan Xing,et al.Synthesis and application of a new magnesium reverse flotation collector[J].Industrial Minerals and Processing,2013(2):5-8.
[20]章颖,蔡坤,潘志权,等.新型脱镁捕收剂FC-2B浮选云南海口磷矿试验研究[J].化工矿物与加工,2014(1):1-3.Zhang Ying,Cai Kun,Pan Zhiquan,et al.Flotation tests on collophanite in Haikou,Yunnan with a new magnesium collector FC-2B[J].Industrial Minerals and Processing,2014(1):1-3.
[21]郑其,张文彬.用焙烧消化工艺处理碳酸盐磷矿[J].矿产综合利用,1998(3):5-9.Zheng Qi,Zhang Wenbin.The treatment of carbonate phosphate ores by roasting-slaking process[J].Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources,1998(3):5-9.
[22]吴良图,林功敷.瓮福磷矿选矿试验及选矿厂生产调试[J].化工矿山技术,1996(3):20-23.Wu Liangtu,Lin Gongfu.Processing production test of phosphate ores and adjustment of concentration Wengfu phosphate mine[J].Industrial Minerals and Processing,1996(3):20-23.
[23]吴彩斌,段希祥.我国磷矿石的处理工艺研究[J].云南冶金,2000,29(4):19-22.Wu Caibin,Duan Xixiang.Studies on processing phosphorus ores in China[J].Yunnan Metallurgy,2000,29(4):19-22.
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