基于储能广义控制算法的微网并/离网平滑切换控制策略研究
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摘要
该文提出一种适用于储能并网逆变器的广义控制算法,实现微网并/离网平滑切换。该算法基于逆变器分层控制结构,利用被控制对象逆模型、二自由度控制原理,将储能系统部分传函"单位化",消除微网不同运行模式下控制层的结构差异,实现储能输出电流所含有害扰动量的动态全补偿。针对储能控制系统应用层,由于储能系统部分传函单位化,储能单元PQ控制时可实现系统电压所含有害扰动量的动态全补偿;下垂控制时通过引入微网电压、频率前馈补偿项,抑制孤岛微网电压、频率波动,并消除分布式电源输出电流及负载电流所含有害扰动量对应用层的影响。与此同时,控制层广义结构还可以避免微网运行模式切换时储能单元产生的暂态振荡,削弱切换过程对微网内分布式电源及敏感负荷的影响,最终实现微网运行模式平滑切换。为进一步验证所提控制算法的正确性与有效性,在Matlab/Simulink软件平台搭建了微网仿真系统,并对微网计划性与非计划运行模式切换进行仿真分析。
A generalized control algorithm was proposed for the grid-connected inverter control system of energy storage(ES) to realize the grid-connected/islanded smooth transition of microgrid. Based on the inverter's hierarchical control structure,the part of ES system's transmission function was unitized by using the two degrees of freedom's control principle and inverse model of controlled objects. Then, the control layer architectural difference of ES grid-connected inverter was removed in the different operation modes of microgrid and the output current dynamic disturbance full compensation of ES was realized by the proposed control algorithm. For the application layer of ES control system, because of the transmission function unitization, the dynamic full compensation of the grid voltage harmful disturbance quantity can be implemented when the PQ control mode was adopted by ES control system; under island mode, when the droop control mode was adopted, the voltage and frequency fluctuation of microgrid was suppressed and the harmful disturbance currents from distributed generation(DG)and loads were eliminated, by introducing the voltage and frequency feed forward compensations. Meanwhile, the control layer's generalized structure can help the microgrid to avoid transient oscillation in the switching process, and then the influences on DG and the sensitive load can be weakened.Therefore, the seamless switching purpose can be realized. To further verify the correctness and validity of the proposed control algorithm, the microgrid simulation platform was established by using MATLAB/Simulink, and the simulation results of microgrid's planned and unplanned operation mode switching were carried out.
A generalized control algorithm was proposed for the grid-connected inverter control system of energy storage(ES) to realize the grid-connected/islanded smooth transition of microgrid. Based on the inverter's hierarchical control structure,the part of ES system's transmission function was unitized by using the two degrees of freedom's control principle and inverse model of controlled objects. Then, the control layer architectural difference of ES grid-connected inverter was removed in the different operation modes of microgrid and the output current dynamic disturbance full compensation of ES was realized by the proposed control algorithm. For the application layer of ES control system, because of the transmission function unitization, the dynamic full compensation of the grid voltage harmful disturbance quantity can be implemented when the PQ control mode was adopted by ES control system; under island mode, when the droop control mode was adopted, the voltage and frequency fluctuation of microgrid was suppressed and the harmful disturbance currents from distributed generation(DG)and loads were eliminated, by introducing the voltage and frequency feed forward compensations. Meanwhile, the control layer's generalized structure can help the microgrid to avoid transient oscillation in the switching process, and then the influences on DG and the sensitive load can be weakened.Therefore, the seamless switching purpose can be realized. To further verify the correctness and validity of the proposed control algorithm, the microgrid simulation platform was established by using MATLAB/Simulink, and the simulation results of microgrid's planned and unplanned operation mode switching were carried out.
引文
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[7]施永赖,纪东,苏建徽,等.微网系统运行模式平滑切换控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(8):85-91.Shi Yonglai,Ji Dong,Su Jianhui,et al.Control strategy of seamless transfer for microgrid operation mode[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(8):85-91(in Chinese).
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[9]赵冬梅,张楠,刘燕华,等.基于储能的微网并网和孤岛运行模式平滑切换综合控制策略[J].电网技术,2013,37(2):301-306.Zhao Dongmei,Zhang Nan,Liu Yanhua,et al.Synthetical control strategy for smooth switching between gridconnected and islanded operation modes of microgrid based on energy storage system[J].Power System Technology,2013,37(2):301-306(in Chinese).
[10]Zhong Q C,Nguyen P L,Ma Z,et al.Self-synchronized synchronverters:inverters without a dedicated synchronization unit[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2013,29(2):617-630.
[11]张雪松,赵波,李鹏,等.基于多层控制的微网运行模式无缝切换策略[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(9):179-184.Zheng Xuesong,Zhao Bo,Li Peng,et al.Seamless switching strategies for microgridbased on multi-layer control architecture[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(9):179-184(in Chinese).
[12]吴云亚,谢少军,阚加荣,等.逆变器侧电流反馈的LCL并网逆变器电网电压前馈控制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(6):54-60.Wu Yunya,Xie Shaojun,Kan Jiarong,et al.A full grid voltage feed-forward control strategy with inverter-side current feedback for LCL grid-connected inverters[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(6):54-60(in Chinese).
[13]Wang Xuehua,Ruan Xinbo,Liu Shangwei,et al.Full feed forward of grid voltage for grid-connected inverter with LCL filter to suppress current distortion due to grid voltage harmonics[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2010,25(12):3119-3127.
[14]刘波,杨旭,孔繁麟,等.三相光伏并网逆变器控制策略[J].电工技术学报,2012,27(8):64-70.Liu Bo,Yang Xu,Kong Fanlin,et al.Control strategy study for three phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverters[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2012,27(8):64-70(in Chinese).
[15]白志红,阮新波,徐林.基于LCL滤波器的并网逆变器的控制策略[J].电工技术学报,2011,26(S1):118-124.Bai Zhihong,Ruan Xinbo,Xu Lin.Control strategies for the grid-connected inverter with LCL filter[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2011,26(S1):118-124(in Chinese).
[16]吕永灿,林桦,杨化承,等.基于多谐振控制器和电容电流反馈有源阻尼的PWM变换器电流环参数解耦设计[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(27):44-51.LüYongcan,Lin Hua,Yang Huacheng,et al.Decouple design of current loop parameters for PWM converters based on multi-resonant controllers and capacitor current feedback active damping[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(27):44-51(in Chinese).
[17]尹志勇,陈永光,刘正春,等.基于实测数据的谐波负荷模型控制策略[J].电网技术,2016,40(10):3192-3198.Yin Zhiyong,Chen Yongguang,Liu Zhengchun,et al.Control strategy analysis of the harmonic load model based on measured data[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(10):3192-3198(in Chinese).
[18]Liu Z,Liu J,Zhao Y.A unified control strategy for three-phase inverter in distributed generation[J].IEEETransactions on Power Electronics,2013,29(3):1176-1191.
[19]Mohamed A R I,Zeineldin H H,Salama M M A,et al.Seamless formation and robust control of distributed generation microgrids via direct voltage control and optimized dynamic power sharing[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2012,27(3):1283-1294.
[20]Chaves E N,Coelho E A A,Carvalho H T M,et al.Design of an internal model control strategy for single-phase grid-connected PWM inverters and its performance analysis with a non-linear local load and weak grid[J].Isa Transactions,2016(64):373-383.
[21]Kahrobaeian A,Mohamed A R I.Interactive distributed generation interface for flexible micro-grid operation in smart distribution systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy,2012,3(2):295-305.
[22]宋文祥,尹赟.一种基于内模控制的三相电压型PWM整流器控制方法[J].电工技术学报,2012,12(27):94-101.Song Wenxiang,Yin Yun.A control strategy of threephase PWM rectifier based on internal model control[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2012,12(27):94-101(in Chinese).
[23]Ashabani S M,Mohamed A R I.A Flexible control strategy for grid-connected and islanded microgridswith enhanced stability using nonlinear microgrid stabilizer[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2012,3(3):1291-1301.
[24]Ashabani S M,Mohamed A R I.General interface for power management of micro-grids using nonlinear cooperative droop control[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2013,28(3):2929-2941.
[25]徐志英,许爱国,谢少军.采用LCL滤波器的并网逆变器双闭环入网电流控制技术[J].中国电机工程学报,2009,27(29):36-41.Xu Zhiying,Xu Aiguo,Xie Shaojun.Dual-loop grid current control technique for grid-connected inverter using an LCL filter[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2009,27(29):36-41(in Chinese).
[26]WANG Chengshan,LI Xialin,GUO Li,et al.A seamless operation mode transition control strategy for a microgrid based on master-slave control[J].Science China Technological Science,2012,5(6):1644-1654.
[27]Mituhiko A,Hidefumi T.Two-Degree-of-Freedom PIDControllers[J].International Journal of Control,Automation,and Systems,2003,4(1):401-411.
[28]包献文,卓放,谭佩喧.三相LCL型并网逆变器的模型分析及解耦控制[J].西安交通大学学报,2014,48(2):44-49.Bao Xianwen,Zhuo Fang,Tan Peixuan.Model analysis and decouple control strategy of three-phase grid-水相逢connected inverter with an LCL filter[J].Journal of Xi’An Jiao Tong University,2014,48(2):44-49(in Chinese).
[2]王成山,武震,李鹏.微网关键技术研究[J].电工技术学报,2014,29(2):1-12.Wang Chengshan,Wu Zhen,Li Peng.Research on key technologies of microgrid[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2014,29(2):1-12(in Chinese).
[3]Zhu Xuan,Han Xiaoqing,Qin Wenping,et al.Past,today and future development of micro-grids in China[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2015(42):1453-1463.
[4]马艺玮,杨苹,王月武,等.微网典型特征及关键技术[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(8):168-175.Ma Yiwei,Yang Ping,Wang Yuewu,et al.Typical characteristics and key technologies of microgrid[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(8):168-175(in Chinese).
[5]杨新法,苏剑,吕志鹏,等.微网技术综述[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(1):57-70.Yang Xinfa,Su Jian,LüZhipeng,et al.Overview on micro-grid technology[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(1):57-70(in Chinese).
[6]Wang Jing,Chang NicolásChialinPrieto,Feng Xiaowei,et al.Design of a generalized control algorithm for parallel inverters for smooth microgrid transition operation[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2015,62(8):4900-4914.
[7]施永赖,纪东,苏建徽,等.微网系统运行模式平滑切换控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(8):85-91.Shi Yonglai,Ji Dong,Su Jianhui,et al.Control strategy of seamless transfer for microgrid operation mode[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(8):85-91(in Chinese).
[8]陈杰,陈新,冯志阳,等.微网系统并网/孤岛运行模式无缝切换控制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(19):3089-3097.Chen Jie,Chen Xin,Feng Zhiyang,et al.A control strategy of seamless transfer between grid-connected and islanding operation for microgrid[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(19):3089-3097(in Chinese).
[9]赵冬梅,张楠,刘燕华,等.基于储能的微网并网和孤岛运行模式平滑切换综合控制策略[J].电网技术,2013,37(2):301-306.Zhao Dongmei,Zhang Nan,Liu Yanhua,et al.Synthetical control strategy for smooth switching between gridconnected and islanded operation modes of microgrid based on energy storage system[J].Power System Technology,2013,37(2):301-306(in Chinese).
[10]Zhong Q C,Nguyen P L,Ma Z,et al.Self-synchronized synchronverters:inverters without a dedicated synchronization unit[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2013,29(2):617-630.
[11]张雪松,赵波,李鹏,等.基于多层控制的微网运行模式无缝切换策略[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(9):179-184.Zheng Xuesong,Zhao Bo,Li Peng,et al.Seamless switching strategies for microgridbased on multi-layer control architecture[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(9):179-184(in Chinese).
[12]吴云亚,谢少军,阚加荣,等.逆变器侧电流反馈的LCL并网逆变器电网电压前馈控制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(6):54-60.Wu Yunya,Xie Shaojun,Kan Jiarong,et al.A full grid voltage feed-forward control strategy with inverter-side current feedback for LCL grid-connected inverters[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(6):54-60(in Chinese).
[13]Wang Xuehua,Ruan Xinbo,Liu Shangwei,et al.Full feed forward of grid voltage for grid-connected inverter with LCL filter to suppress current distortion due to grid voltage harmonics[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2010,25(12):3119-3127.
[14]刘波,杨旭,孔繁麟,等.三相光伏并网逆变器控制策略[J].电工技术学报,2012,27(8):64-70.Liu Bo,Yang Xu,Kong Fanlin,et al.Control strategy study for three phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverters[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2012,27(8):64-70(in Chinese).
[15]白志红,阮新波,徐林.基于LCL滤波器的并网逆变器的控制策略[J].电工技术学报,2011,26(S1):118-124.Bai Zhihong,Ruan Xinbo,Xu Lin.Control strategies for the grid-connected inverter with LCL filter[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2011,26(S1):118-124(in Chinese).
[16]吕永灿,林桦,杨化承,等.基于多谐振控制器和电容电流反馈有源阻尼的PWM变换器电流环参数解耦设计[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(27):44-51.LüYongcan,Lin Hua,Yang Huacheng,et al.Decouple design of current loop parameters for PWM converters based on multi-resonant controllers and capacitor current feedback active damping[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(27):44-51(in Chinese).
[17]尹志勇,陈永光,刘正春,等.基于实测数据的谐波负荷模型控制策略[J].电网技术,2016,40(10):3192-3198.Yin Zhiyong,Chen Yongguang,Liu Zhengchun,et al.Control strategy analysis of the harmonic load model based on measured data[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(10):3192-3198(in Chinese).
[18]Liu Z,Liu J,Zhao Y.A unified control strategy for three-phase inverter in distributed generation[J].IEEETransactions on Power Electronics,2013,29(3):1176-1191.
[19]Mohamed A R I,Zeineldin H H,Salama M M A,et al.Seamless formation and robust control of distributed generation microgrids via direct voltage control and optimized dynamic power sharing[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2012,27(3):1283-1294.
[20]Chaves E N,Coelho E A A,Carvalho H T M,et al.Design of an internal model control strategy for single-phase grid-connected PWM inverters and its performance analysis with a non-linear local load and weak grid[J].Isa Transactions,2016(64):373-383.
[21]Kahrobaeian A,Mohamed A R I.Interactive distributed generation interface for flexible micro-grid operation in smart distribution systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy,2012,3(2):295-305.
[22]宋文祥,尹赟.一种基于内模控制的三相电压型PWM整流器控制方法[J].电工技术学报,2012,12(27):94-101.Song Wenxiang,Yin Yun.A control strategy of threephase PWM rectifier based on internal model control[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2012,12(27):94-101(in Chinese).
[23]Ashabani S M,Mohamed A R I.A Flexible control strategy for grid-connected and islanded microgridswith enhanced stability using nonlinear microgrid stabilizer[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2012,3(3):1291-1301.
[24]Ashabani S M,Mohamed A R I.General interface for power management of micro-grids using nonlinear cooperative droop control[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2013,28(3):2929-2941.
[25]徐志英,许爱国,谢少军.采用LCL滤波器的并网逆变器双闭环入网电流控制技术[J].中国电机工程学报,2009,27(29):36-41.Xu Zhiying,Xu Aiguo,Xie Shaojun.Dual-loop grid current control technique for grid-connected inverter using an LCL filter[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2009,27(29):36-41(in Chinese).
[26]WANG Chengshan,LI Xialin,GUO Li,et al.A seamless operation mode transition control strategy for a microgrid based on master-slave control[J].Science China Technological Science,2012,5(6):1644-1654.
[27]Mituhiko A,Hidefumi T.Two-Degree-of-Freedom PIDControllers[J].International Journal of Control,Automation,and Systems,2003,4(1):401-411.
[28]包献文,卓放,谭佩喧.三相LCL型并网逆变器的模型分析及解耦控制[J].西安交通大学学报,2014,48(2):44-49.Bao Xianwen,Zhuo Fang,Tan Peixuan.Model analysis and decouple control strategy of three-phase grid-水相逢connected inverter with an LCL filter[J].Journal of Xi’An Jiao Tong University,2014,48(2):44-49(in Chinese).