元代救荒植物考
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摘要
元代是中国自然灾害多发的朝代之一,水、旱、蝗、震等灾害无所不有且频繁发生。在频发的灾害中出现了很多救荒植物,但是学术界对于元代灾荒的研究甚少,尤其是在救荒植物研究方面。《元代救荒植物考》以《元史》、《王祯农书》、《农桑辑要》、《农桑衣食撮要》等材料为主要依托,发现除却以粟、稻、麦、豆为主的传统粮食作物之外,有明确救荒记载的植物22种,以古农书的划分方式将其分为谷属、蓏属、蔬属、果属、竹木、草属六大类,对其生长习性、可食性、食用价值以及部分植物所具有的商业价值和药用价值进行分类考释。《元代救荒植物考》响应国家粮食安全政策,对国家农业安全、稳定、持续发展方面都具有一定积极意义。
Yuan Dynasty was one of the dynasties with frequent natural disasters in China. Floods, droughts, locusts plagues,earthquakes, etc. are omnipresent and frequent. In the frequent disasters, there were a lot of famine relief plants. However, there is little research on famines in Yuan Dynasty, especially research on famine relief plants. Based on materials such as History of Yuan Dynasty, Agricultural Book of Wang Zhen, Nong Sang Ji Yao, and Nong Sang Yi Shi Cuo Yao, the paper finds that in Yuan Dynasty, in addition to the traditional grain crops like millet, rice, wheat and beans, there are 22 kinds of plants that are clearly recorded for famine relief. According to the division way of ancient agricultural books, they are divided into six categories: cereal,melon, vegetable, fruit, bamboo and grass. Their growth habits, edibility, edible value, and commercial and medical value in some plants are classified and explained. In response to the national food security policy, the paper is of certain positive significance to the national agricultural security, stability and sustainable development.
Yuan Dynasty was one of the dynasties with frequent natural disasters in China. Floods, droughts, locusts plagues,earthquakes, etc. are omnipresent and frequent. In the frequent disasters, there were a lot of famine relief plants. However, there is little research on famines in Yuan Dynasty, especially research on famine relief plants. Based on materials such as History of Yuan Dynasty, Agricultural Book of Wang Zhen, Nong Sang Ji Yao, and Nong Sang Yi Shi Cuo Yao, the paper finds that in Yuan Dynasty, in addition to the traditional grain crops like millet, rice, wheat and beans, there are 22 kinds of plants that are clearly recorded for famine relief. According to the division way of ancient agricultural books, they are divided into six categories: cereal,melon, vegetable, fruit, bamboo and grass. Their growth habits, edibility, edible value, and commercial and medical value in some plants are classified and explained. In response to the national food security policy, the paper is of certain positive significance to the national agricultural security, stability and sustainable development.
引文
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[4][14][23][24][27][29][32][34][35][39][42][46][48][63][65][71]朱橚原著,倪根金、张翠君校注.救荒本草校注[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2008.
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[7][9][12][13][25][28][33][37][59][61][70]王祯原著,王毓瑚校释.王祯农书[M].北京:农业出版社,1981.
[10][16][18][19][31][40][54][56][62][72][74]贾思勰原著,缪啟愉校释.齐民要术校释[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1998.
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[81]陈高华,等点校.元典章[M].天津:天津古籍出版社,2011.
(1)《中国救荒史》统计:两周876年,灾害发生89次;嬴秦两汉440年灾患达375次之多;魏晋南北朝200年中,遇灾患204次;隋祚29年,灾患22次;唐享国289年,受灾493次;五代十国前后54年,灾患发生51次;两宋前后487年,受灾874次;元享祚163 年,受灾达513次.
[2][15][36][38][41][43][44][45][51][55][57][58][64][66][67][68][73][76][78][79][80]吴其浚.植物名实图考长编[M].北京:商务印书馆,1959.
[4][14][23][24][27][29][32][34][35][39][42][46][48][63][65][71]朱橚原著,倪根金、张翠君校注.救荒本草校注[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2008.
[5][22][26][30][69][75][77]宋濂.元史[M].北京:中华书局,1976.
[6]任崇岳.元末农民起义芝麻李下落考[J].齐鲁学刊,1982(5):45—47.
[7][9][12][13][25][28][33][37][59][61][70]王祯原著,王毓瑚校释.王祯农书[M].北京:农业出版社,1981.
[10][16][18][19][31][40][54][56][62][72][74]贾思勰原著,缪啟愉校释.齐民要术校释[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1998.
[11]氾胜之原著,万国鼎辑释.氾胜之书辑释[M].北京:中华书局,1957.
[81]陈高华,等点校.元典章[M].天津:天津古籍出版社,2011.
(1)《中国救荒史》统计:两周876年,灾害发生89次;嬴秦两汉440年灾患达375次之多;魏晋南北朝200年中,遇灾患204次;隋祚29年,灾患22次;唐享国289年,受灾493次;五代十国前后54年,灾患发生51次;两宋前后487年,受灾874次;元享祚163 年,受灾达513次.