结构弛豫对Al~(3+)/Yb~(3+)共掺石英玻璃结构和性能的影响
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摘要
采用溶胶–凝胶法结合高温烧结工艺制备Al~(3+)/Yb~(3+)共掺石英玻璃,通过在玻璃转变温度(Tg)以下对玻璃进行等温退火,研究了退火时间对Al~(3+)/Yb~(3+)共掺杂石英玻璃密度、折射率和光谱性质的影响,并利用X射线衍射、Fourier转换红外(FTIR)、Raman光谱、核磁共振等结构分析手段探索其影响机理。结果表明:当退火温度为900℃时,随着退火时间增加,Al~(3+)/Yb~(3+)掺杂石英玻璃的折射率逐渐增大,紫外吸收边逐渐蓝移,Yb~(3+)离子的吸收和发射截面逐渐下降,退火200 h后Yb~(3+)离子出现2个荧光寿命;在Tg温度以下退火,玻璃的非晶态特征和Al的配位数不会发生明显变化;玻璃的假想温度及结构混乱度随退火时间增加逐渐下降。
Yb~(3+)/Al~(3+)-co-doped silica glasses were prepared by sol–gel process and subsequent high-temperature sintering. The effect of sub-Tg annealing duration on the density, refractive index and spectra of glass was investigated. The related mechanism was analyzed by X-ray diffraction(XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR), respectively. The results show that the refractive index of Yb~(3+)/Al~(3+)-co-doped silica glasses increases and the absorption and emission cross sections decrease with increasing annealing time at annealing temperature of 900 ℃. When sub-Tgannealing time increases, the UV-Vis absorption edge becomes blue shift, and two fluorescence lifetime of Yb~(3+) ions appears after 200 h annealing. The amorphous state and coordinating numbers of Al~(3+) ions basically remain unchanged in sub-Tg annealing process. The fictive temperature, Tf, and the structural disorder of glass decrease with the increase of annealing time.
Yb~(3+)/Al~(3+)-co-doped silica glasses were prepared by sol–gel process and subsequent high-temperature sintering. The effect of sub-Tg annealing duration on the density, refractive index and spectra of glass was investigated. The related mechanism was analyzed by X-ray diffraction(XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR), respectively. The results show that the refractive index of Yb~(3+)/Al~(3+)-co-doped silica glasses increases and the absorption and emission cross sections decrease with increasing annealing time at annealing temperature of 900 ℃. When sub-Tgannealing time increases, the UV-Vis absorption edge becomes blue shift, and two fluorescence lifetime of Yb~(3+) ions appears after 200 h annealing. The amorphous state and coordinating numbers of Al~(3+) ions basically remain unchanged in sub-Tg annealing process. The fictive temperature, Tf, and the structural disorder of glass decrease with the increase of annealing time.
引文
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[2]LEICH M,JUST F,LANGNER A,et al.Highly efficient Yb-doped silica fibers prepared by powder sinter technology[J].Opt Lett,2011,36(9):1557-1559.
[3]李家治,陈学贤,盛连根.玻璃的结构弛豫[J].硅酸盐学报,1983(3):88-97.LI Jiazhi,CHEN Xuexian,SHENG Liangen.J Chin Ceram Soc,1983(3):88-97.
[4]TOOL A Q.Relation between inelastic deformability and thermal expansion of glass in its annealing range[J].J Am Ceram Soc,2010,29(9):240-253.
[5]KOIKE A,RYU S R,TOMOZAWA M.Adequacy test of the fictive temperatures of silica glasses determined by IR spectroscopy[J].JNon-Cryst Solids,2005,351(52/54):3797-3803.
[6]RYU S R,TOMOZAWA M.Fictive temperature measurement of amorphous SiO2 films by IR method[J].J Non-Cryst Solids,2006,352(36-37):3929-3935.
[7]AGARWAL A,DAVIS K M,TOMOZAWA M.A simple IRspectroscopic method for determining fictive temperature of silica glasses[J].J Non-Cryst Solids,1995,185(1-2):191-198.
[8]KAKIUCHIDA H,SHIMODAIRA N,SEKIYA E H,et al.Refractive index and density in F-and Cl-doped silica glasses[J].Appl Phys Lett,2005,86(16):161907-161907-3.
[9]KAKIUCHIDA H,SAITO K,IKUSHIMA A J.Dielectric relaxation in silica glass[J].J Appl Phys,1999,86(11):5983-5987.
[10]SAITO K,OGAWA N,IKUSHIMA A J,et al.Effects of aluminum impurity on the structural relaxation in silica glass[J].J Non-Cryst Solids,2000,270(1/3):60-65.
[11]ZHANG Y,LIU S,TAO H,et al.Structural response to sub-Tg,annealing in a hyperquenched SiO2-Al2O3 glass[J].J Alloys Compds,2018,741:331-336.
[12]HAKEN U,HUMBACH O,ORTNER S,et al.Refractive index of silica glass:influence of fictive temperature[J].J Non-Cryst Solids,2000,265(1/2):9-18.
[13]YAMAMOTO R,SEKIYA E H.Fictive temperature dependences of optical properties in Yb-doped silica glass[C]//Conference on Solid State Lasers and Amplifiers III,Strasbourg,FRANCE,2008,J9981-J9981.
[14]WANG S,LI Z,YU C,et al.Fabrication and laser behaviors of Yb3+doped silica large mode area photonic crystal fiber prepared by sol-gel method[J].Opt Mater,2013,35(9):1752-1755.
[15]SHAO C,REN J,WANG F,et al.Origin of radiation-Induced Darkening in Yb3+/Al3+/P5+doped silica glasses:Effect of P/Al ratio.[J].J Phys Chem B,2018,122(10)doi:10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b12587.
[16]YUE Y.Anomalous enthalpy relaxation in vitreous silica[J].Front Mater,2015(2):1-11.
[17]RICHET P,BOTTINGA Y,DENIELOU L,et al.Thermodynamic properties of quartz,cristobalite and amorphous SiO2:drop calorimetry measurements between 1000 and 1800 K and a review from 0 to 2000 K[J].Geochim Cosmochim Acta,1982,46(12):2639-2658.
[18]YANG B,LIU X,WANG X,et al.Compositional dependence of room-temperature Stark splitting of Yb3+in several popular glass systems[J].Opt Lett,2014,39(7):1772-1774.
[19]ZHANG L,XUE T,HE D,et al.Influence of Stark splitting levels on the lasing performance of Yb3+in phosphate and fluorophosphate glasses[J].Opt Exp,2015,23(2):1505-1511.
[20]王朋,王超,胡丽丽,等.SiO2对Yb3+离子在磷酸盐玻璃中扩大Stark分裂的作用[J].物理学报,2016,65(5):303-309.WANG Peng,WANG Chao,HU Lili,et al.Acta Phys Sin(in Chinese),2016,65(5):303-309.
[21]POE B T,MCMILLAN P F,ANGELL C A,et al.Al and Si coordination in SiO2-Al2O3 glasses and liquids:A study by NMR and IR spectroscopy and MD simulations[J].Chem Geol,1992,96(96):333-349.
[22]KAKIUCHIDA H,SAITO K,IKUSHIMA A J.Precise determination of fictive temperature of silica glass by infrared absorption spectrum[J].J Appl Phys,2003,93(1):777-779.
[23]GALEENER F L.Erratum:Band limits and vibrational spectra of tetrahedral glasses[J].Phys Rev B,1979,20(10):4382-4382.
[24]GEISSBERGER A E,GALEENER F L.Raman studies of vitreous SiO2 versus fictive temperature[J].Phys Rev B,1983,28(28):3266-3271.
[25]SAITO K,IKUSHIMA A J.Effects of fluorine on structure,structural relaxation,and absorption edge in silica glass[J].J Appl Phys,2002,91(8):4886-4890.
[26]GALEENER F L,GEISSBERGER A E.Vibrational dynamics in30Si-substituted vitreous SiO2[J].Phys Rev B,1983,27(10):6199-6204.
[27]GALEENER F L.Planar rings in vitreous silica[J].J Non-Cryst Solids,1982,49(1-3):53-62.
[28]AUZEL F.On the maximum splitting of the(2F7/2)ground state in Yb3+-doped solid state laser materials[J].J Lumin,2001,93(2):129-135.
[29]CHARLES C R,FOURNIER J T.Coordination of Yb3+in phosphate,silicate,and germanate glasses[J].J Phys Chem Solids,1970,31(5):895-904.
[30]楼立人,尹民,李清庭.发光物理基础:固体光跃迁过程[M].中国科学技术大学出版社,2014:79-86.
[31]KAKIUCHIDA H,SHIMODAIRA N,SEKIYA E H,et al.Refractive index and density in F-and Cl-doped silica glasses[J].Appl Phys Lett,2005,86(16):161907-161907-3.
[32]SHELBY J E.Protonic species in vitreous silica[J].J Non-Cryst Solids,1994,179(11):138-147.
[33]周永恒.石英玻璃及原料中羟基的研究[D].中国建筑材料科学研究院,2002.