藏东南色季拉山苔藓植物垂直分布特征初步研究
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摘要
【目的】研究藏东南色季拉山苔藓植物的垂直分布特征,为苔藓植物分布及环境适应性的进一步研究提供基本资料。【方法】在藏东南色季拉山海拔3 600～4 400 m区域,每上升100 m设置10 m×10 m的样地1个,每个样地内每隔2 m再设置1个50 cm×50 cm的小样方,每个样地内共设25个小样方,采集每个小样方中的苔藓植物样本并带回实验室鉴定到种,同时调查苔藓植物的生活型和生长基质,分析苔藓植物科属种、生活型和生态群落类型随海拔升高的分布情况。【结果】共采集到2 390份苔藓标本,鉴定表明,藏东南色季拉山共有苔藓植物29科78属151种,其中苔类5科5属6种,藓类24科73属145种,科属种数量随海拔升高呈先增后减的变化趋势。优势科为曲尾藓科(Dicranaceae)、真藓科(Bryaceae)、丛藓科(Pottiaceae)、金发藓科(Polytrichaceae)、提灯藓科(Mniaceae)和灰藓科(Hypnaceae),优势属分别是丝瓜藓属(Pohlia)、小金发藓属(Pogonatum)和棉藓属(Plagiothecium)。曲尾藓科和灰藓科在每个海拔均有分布,丛藓科、丝瓜藓属在4 400 m区域分布广泛,金发藓科、真藓科、提灯藓科及丝瓜藓属、小金发藓属、棉藓属在海拔3 700～4 300 m区域均有广泛分布。在3 600 m区域,藓类植物大多以土生和石生群落为主,生活类型以交织型和丛集型为主;在3 700～4 300 m区域,藓类植物以土生群落、岩面薄土生群落和树附生群落为主,生活类型以丛集型、交织型和平铺型为主;在4 400 m区域,藓类植物以石生群落和岩面薄土生群落为主,生活类型以丛集型为主;整个研究区苔藓植物以土生群落最多,湿生群落分布范围最窄、数量最少。【结论】随海拔升高,色季拉山苔藓植物具有明显的垂直分布规律。
【Objective】 For the sake of providing basic data for further study on the distribution and environmental adaptability of bryophytes,the vertical distribution characteristics of bryophytes in Sygera Mountains in the southeast of Tibet were studied.【Method】 Along with the ranges from 3 600 to 4 400 m in Sygera Mountains in the southeast of Tibet, we set a 10 m×10 m samples every altitude 100 m and every 2 m to set up a 50 cm×50 cm sample which include a total of 25 samples.All of bryophytes in the plots were collected and taken to the laboratory to identify the species.At the same time,we investigated of bryophyte life forms and growth matrix for analysis of bryophytes in plots,distribution of life and ecological communities types increases with altitude.【Result】 The result showed that based on collected and identification of a total 2 390 specimens, we recorded 151 bryophytes belonging to 78 genera and 29 families,among which were 6 liverworts belonging to 5 genera of 5 families and 145 mosses belonging to 73 genera of 24 families.And the number of families,genera and species increased firstly and then decreased with altitude.Dicranaceae,Bryaceae,Pottiaceae,Polytrichaceae,Mniaceae and Hypnaceae were dominant families. Pohlia,Pogonatum and Plagiothecium were dominant genera.The families of Dicranaceae and Hypnaceae were widely distributed at each altitude,the families of Pottiaceae and the genera of Pohlia were widely distributed in area of 4 400 m,Polytrichaceae,Bryaceae and Mniaceae,Pohlia,Pogonatum and Plagiothecium have a large number of distribution in the area of 3 700-4 300 m.The community of bryophytes were mainly soil-community and rock-community and their life types were mainly weft and turf in the low altitude in the area of 3 600 m.The community were soil-community,lithosphere-community and tree-community and turf,weft and mat were their life types in the area of 3 700-4 300 m.The communities were rock-community and lithosphere-community and turf were their life types in the area of 4 400 m.In the whole study area,soil-community was the most,but the wet community distribution range was the narrowest and the number was the least,too.【Conclusion】 With the increase of altitude,the bryophytes have obvious vertical distribution in Sygera Mountains.
【Objective】 For the sake of providing basic data for further study on the distribution and environmental adaptability of bryophytes,the vertical distribution characteristics of bryophytes in Sygera Mountains in the southeast of Tibet were studied.【Method】 Along with the ranges from 3 600 to 4 400 m in Sygera Mountains in the southeast of Tibet, we set a 10 m×10 m samples every altitude 100 m and every 2 m to set up a 50 cm×50 cm sample which include a total of 25 samples.All of bryophytes in the plots were collected and taken to the laboratory to identify the species.At the same time,we investigated of bryophyte life forms and growth matrix for analysis of bryophytes in plots,distribution of life and ecological communities types increases with altitude.【Result】 The result showed that based on collected and identification of a total 2 390 specimens, we recorded 151 bryophytes belonging to 78 genera and 29 families,among which were 6 liverworts belonging to 5 genera of 5 families and 145 mosses belonging to 73 genera of 24 families.And the number of families,genera and species increased firstly and then decreased with altitude.Dicranaceae,Bryaceae,Pottiaceae,Polytrichaceae,Mniaceae and Hypnaceae were dominant families. Pohlia,Pogonatum and Plagiothecium were dominant genera.The families of Dicranaceae and Hypnaceae were widely distributed at each altitude,the families of Pottiaceae and the genera of Pohlia were widely distributed in area of 4 400 m,Polytrichaceae,Bryaceae and Mniaceae,Pohlia,Pogonatum and Plagiothecium have a large number of distribution in the area of 3 700-4 300 m.The community of bryophytes were mainly soil-community and rock-community and their life types were mainly weft and turf in the low altitude in the area of 3 600 m.The community were soil-community,lithosphere-community and tree-community and turf,weft and mat were their life types in the area of 3 700-4 300 m.The communities were rock-community and lithosphere-community and turf were their life types in the area of 4 400 m.In the whole study area,soil-community was the most,but the wet community distribution range was the narrowest and the number was the least,too.【Conclusion】 With the increase of altitude,the bryophytes have obvious vertical distribution in Sygera Mountains.
引文
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[3] 王挺杨,官飞荣,王强,等.祁连山不同景观类型中苔藓植物物种多样性研究 [J].植物科学学报,2015,33(4):466-471. Wang T Y,Guan F R,Wang Q,et al.Study on bryophytes species diversity in different landscapes in Qilian Mountain [J].Plant Science Journal,2015,33(4):466-471.
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[12] Pescador D S,de Bello F,Valladares F,et al.Plant trait variation along an altitudinal gradient in Mediterranean high mountain grasslands:controlling the species turnover effect [J].PLoS One,2015,10(3):e0118876.
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[16] 罗先真,熊新源,曹威,等.月亮山自然保护区苔藓植物垂直分布初步研究 [J].广西植物,2016,36(8):1008-1013. Luo X Z,Xiong X Y,Cao W,et al.Vertical distribution of bryophytes in Yuliang Mountain Nature Reserve [J].Guihaia,2016,36(8):1008-1013.
[17] 郑桂林,刘胜祥,陈桂英,等.湖北省九宫山藓类植物垂直分布的初步研究 [J].武汉植物学研究,2002,20(6):429-432. Zheng G L,Liu S X,Chen G Y,et al.Studies on the vertical distribution of mosses in Mt.Jiugongshan,Hubei,China [J].Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research,2002,20(6):429-432.
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