黄河滩区16个春播燕麦品种的生产性能和营养品质
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摘要
采用完全随机区组设计,对16个春播燕麦(Avena sativa)品种的生产特性和营养品质进行比较,并使用灰色关联度分析法,进行综合评价以筛选出适合在河南省黄河滩区推广种植的高产优质燕麦品种。结果表明,1)不同燕麦品种株高、分蘖数、有效分蘖数、干草产量、鲜干比、籽粒产量和茎叶比差异显著(P <0.05)。其中品种太阳神的株高、分蘖数和干草产量最高,分别为111.7 cm、 4.38个和11.79 t·hm~(–2);品种ESK的单株有效分蘖数最高,为3.51个,而茎叶比最低,为0.69;鲜干比以品种贝勒2号最低;籽粒产量以品种甜燕1号和贝勒最高,分别为3.45和3.31 t·hm~(–2)。2)不同燕麦品种粗蛋白、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、粗脂肪含量均有显著差异(P <0.05);粗蛋白含量以甜燕1号最高,为17.33%;中性洗涤纤维含量以太阳神最低,为35.80%;酸性洗涤纤维含量以加燕2号最低,为27.22%;粗脂肪含量以ESK最高,为9.94%。灰色关联度综合评价表现最好的5个燕麦品种分别是ESK、贝勒、禾王、太阳神和甜燕1号,适合在河南省黄河滩区推广种植。
The objective of this study was to explore the production performance and nutritional quality of 16 oat varieties planted in spring in the Yellow River Beach area using a complete random block design. The comprehensive evaluation was carried out using the grey correlation analysis to select oat varieties with high yield and superior quality that are suitable for popularizing the area. The test results were as follows: 1) There were significant differences in plant height(%), effective tiller number, hay yield, fresh/dry ratio, grain yield, and stem/leaf ratio among the different oat varieties(P < 0.05). The plant height, tiller number, and hay yield of Helios were the highest at 111.7 cm, 4.38 per plant, and 11.79 t·hm~(–2), respectively.The fresh/dry ratio of Baler Ⅱ was the lowest. The effective tiller number of ESK was the highest while its stem/leaf ratio was the lowest(0.69). 2) There were significant differences in crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and ether extract among the different oat varieties(P < 0.05). The crude protein of Sweety was the highest(17.33%). The Helios and Jiayan2 varieties had the lowest content of neutral and acid detergent fiber(35.80% and 27.22%, respectively). The ether extract content of ESK was the highest(9.94%). The result of the grey correlation comprehensive analysis showed that ESK,Baler, Hewang, Helios and Sweety showed excellent performance and were suitable for popularizing and planting in the Yellow River Beach area of Henan Province.
The objective of this study was to explore the production performance and nutritional quality of 16 oat varieties planted in spring in the Yellow River Beach area using a complete random block design. The comprehensive evaluation was carried out using the grey correlation analysis to select oat varieties with high yield and superior quality that are suitable for popularizing the area. The test results were as follows: 1) There were significant differences in plant height(%), effective tiller number, hay yield, fresh/dry ratio, grain yield, and stem/leaf ratio among the different oat varieties(P < 0.05). The plant height, tiller number, and hay yield of Helios were the highest at 111.7 cm, 4.38 per plant, and 11.79 t·hm~(–2), respectively.The fresh/dry ratio of Baler Ⅱ was the lowest. The effective tiller number of ESK was the highest while its stem/leaf ratio was the lowest(0.69). 2) There were significant differences in crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and ether extract among the different oat varieties(P < 0.05). The crude protein of Sweety was the highest(17.33%). The Helios and Jiayan2 varieties had the lowest content of neutral and acid detergent fiber(35.80% and 27.22%, respectively). The ether extract content of ESK was the highest(9.94%). The result of the grey correlation comprehensive analysis showed that ESK,Baler, Hewang, Helios and Sweety showed excellent performance and were suitable for popularizing and planting in the Yellow River Beach area of Henan Province.
引文
[1]刘振恒,武高林,仁青草,巩晓兰,靳瑞芳.发展以燕麦为支柱产业的可持续高寒草地畜牧业.草业科学,2007,24(9):67-69.LIU Z H,WU G L,REN Q C,GONG X L,JIN R F.Sustainable development of animal husbandry based on oat in alpine grassland area.Pratacultural Science,2007,24(9):67-69.
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[3]PODOLSKA G,NITA Z,MIKOS M.Effect of sowing rates and nitrogen fertilization on grain yield and chemical composition of naked short-shoot oat(STH 5630).Fragmenta Agronomica,2009:100-107.
[4]张莹,陈志飞,张晓娜,宋书红,杨卓.不同刈割期对春播、秋播燕麦干草产量和品质的影响.草业学报,2016,25(11):124-135.ZHANG Y,CHEN Z F,ZHANG X N,SONG S H,YANG Z.Influence of mowing time on yield and quality of spring and autumn sown oat hay.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2016,25(11):124-135.
[5]杜欣.关中地区燕麦与苜蓿混间条播模式对产量和品质的影响.杨凌:西北农林科技大学硕士学位论文,2011.DU X.Effect of mixture and interlacing drill modes on forage yield and quality of oat and alfalfa in Guanzhong region.Master Thesis.Yangling:Northwest A&F University,2011.
[6]王思然.添加乳酸菌对西藏绿麦和燕麦青贮发酵品质及微生物多样性的影响.南京:南京农业大学硕士学位论文,2016.WANG S R.Effect of adding lactic acid bacteria on silage fermentation quality and microbial diversity of green wheat and oats in Tibet.Master Thesis.Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2016.
[7]赵威,王艳杰,李琳,王馨.野燕麦繁殖和抗逆特性及其对小麦的他感效应研究.中国生态农业学报,2017,25(11):1684-1692.ZHAO W,WANG Y J,LI L,WANG X.Reproductive and stress resistance characteristics of wild oat and its allelopathic effects on common wheat.Chinese Journal of Ero-Agricultural,2017,25(11):1684-1692.
[8]高永革.河南省畜牧业发展现状及趋势.郑州牧业工程高等专科学校学报,2017,1(1):17-19.GAO Y G.Present situation and trend of animal husbandry development in Henan Province.Journal of Zhengzhou College of Animal Husbandry Engineering,2017,1(1):17-19.
[9]杨胜.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术.北京:北京农业大学出版社,1993:77-84.YANG S.Analysis and Quality Detection Technology of Fed.Beijing:Beijing Agriculture University Press,1993:77-84.
[10]邱菀华.管理决策与应用熵学.北京:机械工业出版社,2002:193-196.QIU W H.Management Decision and Applied Entropy.Beijing:Machinery Industry Press,2002:193-196.
[11]孙建平,董宽虎,蒯晓妍,薛竹慧,高永强.晋北农牧交错区引进燕麦品种生产性能及饲用价值比较.草业学报,2017,26(11):222-230.SUN J P,DONG K H,KUAI X Y,XUE Z H,GAO Y Q.Comparison of productivity and feeding value of introduced oat varieties in the agro-pasture ecotone of northern.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2017,26(11):222-230.
[12]王柳英.西宁地区不同燕麦品种生产性能的比较研究.青海畜牧兽医杂志,2000,30(2):17-19.WANG L Y.Comparative study on performances of different oat varieties in Xining Region.Chinese Qinghai Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences,2000,30(2):17-19.
[13]杨海磊,徐长林,鱼小军,肖红,张建文,安晓东,杨发森,任宝虎,周瑞娟.14份燕麦种质在肃南皇城镇的生产性能比较.草业科学,2016,33(1):129-135.YANG H L,XU C L,YU X J,XIAO H,ZHANG J W,AN X D,YANG F S,REN B H,ZHOU R J.Comparative study on the performance of 14 oat(Avena sativa)germplasm in Huangcheng Town of Sunan County,Gansu Province.Pratacultural Science,2016,33(1):129-135.
[14]罗志娜,赵桂琴,刘欢.燕麦成熟胚的组织培养及植株再生.甘肃农业大学学报,2012,47(5):60-68.LUO Z N,ZHAO G Q,LIU H.Tissue culture and plant regeneration from mature embryos of oat.Journal of Gansu Agricultural University,2012,47(5):60-68.
[15]DELANEY R H,DOBRENZ A K.Morphological and anatomical features of alfalfa leaves as related to CO2 exchange 1.Crop Science,1974,14(3):444-447.
[16]Al-TAHIR F M M.Relationship between tiller development and productivity with yield and its components for wheat and oat under the influence of A3.European Academic Research,2014,9(2):11467-11485.
[17]慕平,赵桂琴,柴继宽.基于GGE-Biplot的甘肃省不同生态区燕麦生产性能及适应性分析.中国生态农业学报,2015,23(6):705-712.MU P,ZHAO G Q,CHAI J K.Analysis of oats productivity and adaptability in different ecological regions of Gansu Province using GGE-Biplot.Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2015,23(6):705-712.
[18]徐长林.高寒牧区不同燕麦品种生长特性比较研究.草业学报,2012,12(2):280-285.XU C L.A Study on growth characteristics of different cultivars of oat(Avena sativa)in alpine region.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2012,12(2):280-285.
[19]郭兴燕,梁丹妮,兰剑.宁夏引黄灌区燕麦品种生产性能及营养价值研究.作物杂志,2016(4):105-111.GUO X Y,LIANG D N,LAN J.Research on productive performance and nutritive value of 11 oat varieties in Ningxia Irrigation area.Crops,2016(4):105-111.
[20]董世魁,蒲小朋,马金星,石振田.甘肃天祝高寒地区燕麦品种生产性能评价.草地学报,2001,9(1):44-49.DONG S K,PU X P,MA J X,SHI Z T.Production evaluation on different oat varieties in Alpine region of Tianzhu Gansu Province.Acta Agrectir Sinica,2001,9(1):44-49.
[21]龚海,李成雄,王雁丽.燕麦品种资源品质分析.山西农业科学,1999,27(2):16-19.GONG H,LI C X,WANG Y L.Analysis of oat germplasm quality characters.Shanxi Agricultural Science,1999,27(2):16-19.
[22]FICK G W,ONSTAD D W.Statistical models for predicting alfalfa herbage quality from morphological or weather data.Journal of Production Agriculture,1988,1(2):160-166.
[23]王桃.高寒牧区36种燕麦营养生态特性及其生产效能评价.兰州:兰州大学硕士学位论文,2010.WANG T.Evaluation on nutritional and ecological characteristics and productive efficiency of 36 oat varieties in Alpine Meadow region.Master Thesis.Lanzhou:Lanzhou University,2010.
[24]薛帅,秦烁,王继师,梁振兴,谢光辉.灰色系统理论在非粮柴油植物评价与筛选中的应用.中国农业大学学报,2012,17(6):225-230.XUE S,QIN S,WANG J S,LIANG Z X,XIE G H.Application of grey system theory in evaluation and screening of no-food biodiesel plant resources.Journal of China Agricultural University,2012,17(6):225-230.
[25]王正新,党耀国,曹明霞.基于灰熵优化的加权灰色关联度.系统工程与电子技术,2010,32(4):774-776.WANG Z X,DANG Y G,CAO M X.Weighted degree of grey incidence based on optimized entropy.Systems Engineering and Electronics,2010,32(4):774-776.
[2]周青平,颜红波,梁国玲,贾志峰,刘文辉.不同燕麦品种饲草和籽粒生产性能分析.草业科学,2015,24(10):120-130.ZHOU Q P,YAN H B,LIANG G L,JIA Z F,LIU W H.Analysis of the forage and grain productivity of oat cultivars.Prataculturae Science,2015,24(10):120-130.
[3]PODOLSKA G,NITA Z,MIKOS M.Effect of sowing rates and nitrogen fertilization on grain yield and chemical composition of naked short-shoot oat(STH 5630).Fragmenta Agronomica,2009:100-107.
[4]张莹,陈志飞,张晓娜,宋书红,杨卓.不同刈割期对春播、秋播燕麦干草产量和品质的影响.草业学报,2016,25(11):124-135.ZHANG Y,CHEN Z F,ZHANG X N,SONG S H,YANG Z.Influence of mowing time on yield and quality of spring and autumn sown oat hay.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2016,25(11):124-135.
[5]杜欣.关中地区燕麦与苜蓿混间条播模式对产量和品质的影响.杨凌:西北农林科技大学硕士学位论文,2011.DU X.Effect of mixture and interlacing drill modes on forage yield and quality of oat and alfalfa in Guanzhong region.Master Thesis.Yangling:Northwest A&F University,2011.
[6]王思然.添加乳酸菌对西藏绿麦和燕麦青贮发酵品质及微生物多样性的影响.南京:南京农业大学硕士学位论文,2016.WANG S R.Effect of adding lactic acid bacteria on silage fermentation quality and microbial diversity of green wheat and oats in Tibet.Master Thesis.Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2016.
[7]赵威,王艳杰,李琳,王馨.野燕麦繁殖和抗逆特性及其对小麦的他感效应研究.中国生态农业学报,2017,25(11):1684-1692.ZHAO W,WANG Y J,LI L,WANG X.Reproductive and stress resistance characteristics of wild oat and its allelopathic effects on common wheat.Chinese Journal of Ero-Agricultural,2017,25(11):1684-1692.
[8]高永革.河南省畜牧业发展现状及趋势.郑州牧业工程高等专科学校学报,2017,1(1):17-19.GAO Y G.Present situation and trend of animal husbandry development in Henan Province.Journal of Zhengzhou College of Animal Husbandry Engineering,2017,1(1):17-19.
[9]杨胜.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术.北京:北京农业大学出版社,1993:77-84.YANG S.Analysis and Quality Detection Technology of Fed.Beijing:Beijing Agriculture University Press,1993:77-84.
[10]邱菀华.管理决策与应用熵学.北京:机械工业出版社,2002:193-196.QIU W H.Management Decision and Applied Entropy.Beijing:Machinery Industry Press,2002:193-196.
[11]孙建平,董宽虎,蒯晓妍,薛竹慧,高永强.晋北农牧交错区引进燕麦品种生产性能及饲用价值比较.草业学报,2017,26(11):222-230.SUN J P,DONG K H,KUAI X Y,XUE Z H,GAO Y Q.Comparison of productivity and feeding value of introduced oat varieties in the agro-pasture ecotone of northern.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2017,26(11):222-230.
[12]王柳英.西宁地区不同燕麦品种生产性能的比较研究.青海畜牧兽医杂志,2000,30(2):17-19.WANG L Y.Comparative study on performances of different oat varieties in Xining Region.Chinese Qinghai Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences,2000,30(2):17-19.
[13]杨海磊,徐长林,鱼小军,肖红,张建文,安晓东,杨发森,任宝虎,周瑞娟.14份燕麦种质在肃南皇城镇的生产性能比较.草业科学,2016,33(1):129-135.YANG H L,XU C L,YU X J,XIAO H,ZHANG J W,AN X D,YANG F S,REN B H,ZHOU R J.Comparative study on the performance of 14 oat(Avena sativa)germplasm in Huangcheng Town of Sunan County,Gansu Province.Pratacultural Science,2016,33(1):129-135.
[14]罗志娜,赵桂琴,刘欢.燕麦成熟胚的组织培养及植株再生.甘肃农业大学学报,2012,47(5):60-68.LUO Z N,ZHAO G Q,LIU H.Tissue culture and plant regeneration from mature embryos of oat.Journal of Gansu Agricultural University,2012,47(5):60-68.
[15]DELANEY R H,DOBRENZ A K.Morphological and anatomical features of alfalfa leaves as related to CO2 exchange 1.Crop Science,1974,14(3):444-447.
[16]Al-TAHIR F M M.Relationship between tiller development and productivity with yield and its components for wheat and oat under the influence of A3.European Academic Research,2014,9(2):11467-11485.
[17]慕平,赵桂琴,柴继宽.基于GGE-Biplot的甘肃省不同生态区燕麦生产性能及适应性分析.中国生态农业学报,2015,23(6):705-712.MU P,ZHAO G Q,CHAI J K.Analysis of oats productivity and adaptability in different ecological regions of Gansu Province using GGE-Biplot.Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2015,23(6):705-712.
[18]徐长林.高寒牧区不同燕麦品种生长特性比较研究.草业学报,2012,12(2):280-285.XU C L.A Study on growth characteristics of different cultivars of oat(Avena sativa)in alpine region.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2012,12(2):280-285.
[19]郭兴燕,梁丹妮,兰剑.宁夏引黄灌区燕麦品种生产性能及营养价值研究.作物杂志,2016(4):105-111.GUO X Y,LIANG D N,LAN J.Research on productive performance and nutritive value of 11 oat varieties in Ningxia Irrigation area.Crops,2016(4):105-111.
[20]董世魁,蒲小朋,马金星,石振田.甘肃天祝高寒地区燕麦品种生产性能评价.草地学报,2001,9(1):44-49.DONG S K,PU X P,MA J X,SHI Z T.Production evaluation on different oat varieties in Alpine region of Tianzhu Gansu Province.Acta Agrectir Sinica,2001,9(1):44-49.
[21]龚海,李成雄,王雁丽.燕麦品种资源品质分析.山西农业科学,1999,27(2):16-19.GONG H,LI C X,WANG Y L.Analysis of oat germplasm quality characters.Shanxi Agricultural Science,1999,27(2):16-19.
[22]FICK G W,ONSTAD D W.Statistical models for predicting alfalfa herbage quality from morphological or weather data.Journal of Production Agriculture,1988,1(2):160-166.
[23]王桃.高寒牧区36种燕麦营养生态特性及其生产效能评价.兰州:兰州大学硕士学位论文,2010.WANG T.Evaluation on nutritional and ecological characteristics and productive efficiency of 36 oat varieties in Alpine Meadow region.Master Thesis.Lanzhou:Lanzhou University,2010.
[24]薛帅,秦烁,王继师,梁振兴,谢光辉.灰色系统理论在非粮柴油植物评价与筛选中的应用.中国农业大学学报,2012,17(6):225-230.XUE S,QIN S,WANG J S,LIANG Z X,XIE G H.Application of grey system theory in evaluation and screening of no-food biodiesel plant resources.Journal of China Agricultural University,2012,17(6):225-230.
[25]王正新,党耀国,曹明霞.基于灰熵优化的加权灰色关联度.系统工程与电子技术,2010,32(4):774-776.WANG Z X,DANG Y G,CAO M X.Weighted degree of grey incidence based on optimized entropy.Systems Engineering and Electronics,2010,32(4):774-776.