基于多尺度球面小波分析云南地区应变特征
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摘要
使用GAMIT/GLOBK软件处理2011～2016年云南地区GPS区域站观测数据,扣除同震影响、区域欧拉均匀旋转矢量后,得到该区域的GPS水平速度场,并采用多尺度球面小波模型获取分解尺度分别为6、7、8和9时的云南地区GPS应变场,然后结合云南地区历史M_S5.0以上地震信息,以及小江、红河等区域断裂活动情况分析该区域应变场的空间分布特征。结果显示,在区域应变场整体解算中,利用球面小波方法能够适应测站点的疏密变化,多尺度估计地表应变场。主应变、面膨胀和剪应变等分析结果与区域历史地震信息及对应区域断裂活动性质具有较好的吻合性。从应变结果看,红河断裂可能是具有重要构造意义的活动断裂,应变特征显示云南区域被红河断裂划分为2个特征区域;云南地区的鲁甸、腾冲、普洱、大理区域可能是地震活动较为剧烈的区域;小江断裂带中的嵩明区域在不同应变特征中均表现出高度异常,后期应予重点关注。
Based on the observational data of GPS regional stations in Yunnan area from 2011 to 2016,this paper uses GAMIT/GLOBK software to process observed data,utilizing a high-precise data processing strategy.After deducing the coseismic effect and region Euler uniform rotation vector with the GPS horizontal velocity field relative to the Eurasian plate,we get the regional GPS horizontal velocity field and use it as input data.Finally,using the multi-scale spherical wavelet model that can be decomposed and selected according to the density of GPS stations,we obtain the GPS strain field in Yunnan province at resolution scales 6,7,8 and 9.Based on historical M_S5 earthquakes in Yunnan province,and the faults such as Xiaojiang and Honghe faults,we analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of the strain field.The results show that,in the integrated solution processing of regional strain field,the spherical wavelet method can adapt to the density change of the stations,and estimate surface strain field with multi-scale.Using multi-scale spherical wavelet to get integral solution strain field is an effective method,showing robust results.The results are in good agreement with historical earthquakes and regional fracture properties.The analysis results of principal strain,dilatation and shear strain are coincidence,regular,and in good agreement with regional historical seismic information and the active faults in the areas.From the result of principal strain rate,dilatation and maximum shear rate in the Yunnan area,which is shown by the spherical wavelet analysis:a)the Honghe fault may be a tectonic fault with important tectonic significance.Strain characteristics indicate that the Yunnan area is divided into two characteristic areas by the Honghe fault;b)the Ludian,Tengchong,Puer,Dali areas may present more intense seismic activity;c)the Songming area in Xiaojiang fault zone shows a high anomaly in multi-scale strain characteristics,and the seismic monitoring activities of this area in the later stage should be a focus for further research.
Based on the observational data of GPS regional stations in Yunnan area from 2011 to 2016,this paper uses GAMIT/GLOBK software to process observed data,utilizing a high-precise data processing strategy.After deducing the coseismic effect and region Euler uniform rotation vector with the GPS horizontal velocity field relative to the Eurasian plate,we get the regional GPS horizontal velocity field and use it as input data.Finally,using the multi-scale spherical wavelet model that can be decomposed and selected according to the density of GPS stations,we obtain the GPS strain field in Yunnan province at resolution scales 6,7,8 and 9.Based on historical M_S5 earthquakes in Yunnan province,and the faults such as Xiaojiang and Honghe faults,we analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of the strain field.The results show that,in the integrated solution processing of regional strain field,the spherical wavelet method can adapt to the density change of the stations,and estimate surface strain field with multi-scale.Using multi-scale spherical wavelet to get integral solution strain field is an effective method,showing robust results.The results are in good agreement with historical earthquakes and regional fracture properties.The analysis results of principal strain,dilatation and shear strain are coincidence,regular,and in good agreement with regional historical seismic information and the active faults in the areas.From the result of principal strain rate,dilatation and maximum shear rate in the Yunnan area,which is shown by the spherical wavelet analysis:a)the Honghe fault may be a tectonic fault with important tectonic significance.Strain characteristics indicate that the Yunnan area is divided into two characteristic areas by the Honghe fault;b)the Ludian,Tengchong,Puer,Dali areas may present more intense seismic activity;c)the Songming area in Xiaojiang fault zone shows a high anomaly in multi-scale strain characteristics,and the seismic monitoring activities of this area in the later stage should be a focus for further research.
引文
[1]武艳强,江在森,杨国华,等.利用最小二乘配置在球面上整体解算GPS应变场的方法及应用[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(7):1 707-1 714(Wu Yanqiang,Jiang Zaisen,Yang Guohua,et al.The Application and Method of GPS Strain Calculation in Whole Mode Using Least Square Collocation in Sphere Surface[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2009,52(7):1 707-1 714)
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[3]管守奎,瞿伟,蒋军.最小二乘配置与REHSM求解GPS应变场的方法[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2015,35(4):604-607(Guan Shoukui,Qu Wei,Jiang Jun,et al.The Application and Method of GPS Strain Field Using the Least Square Collocation and REHSM[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2015,35(4):604-607)
[4]杨少敏,游新兆,杜瑞林,等.用双三次样条函数和GPS资料反演现今中国大陆构造形变场[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2002,22(1):68-75(Yang Shaomin,You Xinzhao,Du Ruilin,et al.Contemporary Horizontal Tectonic Deformation Fields in China Inversed from GPS Observations[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2002,22(1):68-75)
[5]武艳强,江在森,杨国华,等.用球谐函数整体解算GPS应变场方法研究[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2009,29(6):68-73(Wu Yanqiang,Jiang Zaisen,Yang Guohua,et al.Research on Method for Entire Calculation of GPS Strain Field by Using Spherical Harmonic Function[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2009,29(6):68-73)
[6] Tape C,MuséP,Simons M,et al.Multiscale Estimation of GPS Velocity Fields[J].Geophysical Journal International,2009,179(2):945-971
[7]苏小宁,孟国杰,王振.基于多尺度球面小波解算GPS应变场的方法及应用[J].地球物理学报,2016,59(5):1 585-1 595(Su Xiaoning,Meng Guojie,Wang Zhen,et al.Methodology and Application of GPS Strain Field Estimation Based on Multi-Scale Spherical Wavelet[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2016,59(5):1 585-1 595)
[8] Crotwell P.Constructive Approximation on the Sphere[J].Mathematical Geology,2000,32(2):247-248
[9]刘代芹,李杰,王晓强,等.利用重力资料与GPS数据研究伽师及邻区近期地壳运动特征[J].中国地震,2011,27(2):182-191(Liu Daiqin,Li Jie,Wang Xiaoqiang,et al.Characteristics of Recent Crustal Movements in Jiashi and Its Neighboring Regions on the Basis of Gravity and GPS Data[J].Earthquake Research in China,2011,27(2):182-191)
[10]李杰,王晓强,王琪,等.2008年于田7.3级地震前西昆仑地形变的GPS初步研究[J].西北地震学报,2012,34(3):256-263(Li Jie,Wang Xiaoqiang,Wang Qi,et al.Crustal Deformation in Western Kunlun Tectonic Zone from GPS Measurements before the Yutian MS7.3Earthquake in2008[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,2012,34(3):256-263)
[11]杨少敏,王琪.昆仑山8.1级地震前中国大陆的构造应变背景[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2003,23(3):61-65(Yang Shaomin,Wang Qi.Tectonic Strain Background in China Continent before Kunlun Mountain MS8.1Earthquake[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2003,23(3):61-65)
[12]朱治国.新疆西天山现今构造运动与地震关系研究[D].西安:长安大学,2016(Zhu Zhiguo.Present-Day Tectonic Movements and Earthquakes Relations in West Tianshan of Xinjiang[D].Xi’an:Chang’an University,2016)
[2]张希,江在森.用最小二乘配置获得地形变应变场动态图像的几个问题研究[J].地壳形变与地震,1999,19(3):32-39(Zhang Xi,Jiang Zaisen.Study on Some Questions of Dynamic Pictures of Crustal Deformation and Strain Fields Obtained by the Least Square Collocation[J].Crustal Deformation and Earthquake,1999,19(3):32-39)
[3]管守奎,瞿伟,蒋军.最小二乘配置与REHSM求解GPS应变场的方法[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2015,35(4):604-607(Guan Shoukui,Qu Wei,Jiang Jun,et al.The Application and Method of GPS Strain Field Using the Least Square Collocation and REHSM[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2015,35(4):604-607)
[4]杨少敏,游新兆,杜瑞林,等.用双三次样条函数和GPS资料反演现今中国大陆构造形变场[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2002,22(1):68-75(Yang Shaomin,You Xinzhao,Du Ruilin,et al.Contemporary Horizontal Tectonic Deformation Fields in China Inversed from GPS Observations[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2002,22(1):68-75)
[5]武艳强,江在森,杨国华,等.用球谐函数整体解算GPS应变场方法研究[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2009,29(6):68-73(Wu Yanqiang,Jiang Zaisen,Yang Guohua,et al.Research on Method for Entire Calculation of GPS Strain Field by Using Spherical Harmonic Function[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2009,29(6):68-73)
[6] Tape C,MuséP,Simons M,et al.Multiscale Estimation of GPS Velocity Fields[J].Geophysical Journal International,2009,179(2):945-971
[7]苏小宁,孟国杰,王振.基于多尺度球面小波解算GPS应变场的方法及应用[J].地球物理学报,2016,59(5):1 585-1 595(Su Xiaoning,Meng Guojie,Wang Zhen,et al.Methodology and Application of GPS Strain Field Estimation Based on Multi-Scale Spherical Wavelet[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2016,59(5):1 585-1 595)
[8] Crotwell P.Constructive Approximation on the Sphere[J].Mathematical Geology,2000,32(2):247-248
[9]刘代芹,李杰,王晓强,等.利用重力资料与GPS数据研究伽师及邻区近期地壳运动特征[J].中国地震,2011,27(2):182-191(Liu Daiqin,Li Jie,Wang Xiaoqiang,et al.Characteristics of Recent Crustal Movements in Jiashi and Its Neighboring Regions on the Basis of Gravity and GPS Data[J].Earthquake Research in China,2011,27(2):182-191)
[10]李杰,王晓强,王琪,等.2008年于田7.3级地震前西昆仑地形变的GPS初步研究[J].西北地震学报,2012,34(3):256-263(Li Jie,Wang Xiaoqiang,Wang Qi,et al.Crustal Deformation in Western Kunlun Tectonic Zone from GPS Measurements before the Yutian MS7.3Earthquake in2008[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,2012,34(3):256-263)
[11]杨少敏,王琪.昆仑山8.1级地震前中国大陆的构造应变背景[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2003,23(3):61-65(Yang Shaomin,Wang Qi.Tectonic Strain Background in China Continent before Kunlun Mountain MS8.1Earthquake[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2003,23(3):61-65)
[12]朱治国.新疆西天山现今构造运动与地震关系研究[D].西安:长安大学,2016(Zhu Zhiguo.Present-Day Tectonic Movements and Earthquakes Relations in West Tianshan of Xinjiang[D].Xi’an:Chang’an University,2016)