镁合金微弧氧化技术的研究概况
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摘要
微弧氧化技术是提高镁合金耐蚀性的重要表面处理方式之一。主要阐述了镁合金微弧氧化的工作原理、工艺过程及其应用领域,并从电解液体系、电参数对微弧氧化陶瓷层组织和性能的影响等方面,系统分析了各种主电解液、添加剂、电压、电流密度在微弧氧化过程中所起到的作用,深入分析了镁合金微弧氧化的研究现状,并指出了镁合金微弧氧化应用过程中存在的问题及未来的发展趋势。
Micro-arc oxidation technology is one of the important surface treatment methods for improving the corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys. This paper mainly introduced the principle,process and application field of micro-arc oxidation of magnesium alloys. From the effects of various main electrolytes,additives,voltage and current density on micro-arc oxidation,the influences of electrolyte system and electrical parameters on microstructure and properties of micro-arc oxidation ceramic coating were analyzed systematically. Furthermore,the research status of micro-arc oxidation of magnesium alloys was deeply studied,and the existing problems in the micro-arc oxidation application process of magnesium alloys as well as its future development trend were pointed out.
Micro-arc oxidation technology is one of the important surface treatment methods for improving the corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys. This paper mainly introduced the principle,process and application field of micro-arc oxidation of magnesium alloys. From the effects of various main electrolytes,additives,voltage and current density on micro-arc oxidation,the influences of electrolyte system and electrical parameters on microstructure and properties of micro-arc oxidation ceramic coating were analyzed systematically. Furthermore,the research status of micro-arc oxidation of magnesium alloys was deeply studied,and the existing problems in the micro-arc oxidation application process of magnesium alloys as well as its future development trend were pointed out.
引文
[1]梁永政.镁合金表面微弧氧化工艺的研究[D].兰州:兰州理工大学,2004:2.
[2]ZENG R C,KONG L H,CHEN J,et al.Research Progress on Surface Modification of Magnesium Alloys for Medical Applications[J].Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2011,21(1):35-43.
[3]薛文斌,邓志威,张通和,等.铸造镁合金微弧氧化机理[J].稀有金属材料与工程,1999,28(6):353-356.
[4]LIN D J,HUNG F Y,LUI T S,et al.Heat Treatment Mechanism and Biodegradable Characteristics of ZAX1330Mg Alloy[J].Materials Science and Engineering C,2015,51(1):300-308.
[5]GRAY J E,LUAN B.Protective Coatings on Magnesium and Its Alloys[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2002,336(1):88-113.
[6]SHARMAN A K,SURESH M R,BHOJRAJ H,et al.Electroless nickel plating on magnesium alloy[J].Met Finish,1998,96:10-14.
[7]HSIAO H Y,TSAI W T.Characterization of anodic films formed on AZ91D magnesium alloy[J].Surface and Coatings Technology,2005,190(2/3):299-308.
[8]AMBAT R,ZHOU W.Electroless nickel-plating on AZ91Dmagnesium alloy:effect of substrate microstructure and plating parameters[J].Surface and Coatings Technology,2004,179(2/3):124-134.
[9]NARAYANAN T S N S,PARK I S,MIN H L.Strategies to improve the corrosion resistance of microarc oxidation(MAO)coated magnesium alloys for degradable implants:Prospects and challenges[J].Progress in Materials Science,2014,60(3):1-71.
[10]PAN Y K,WANG D G,CHEN C Z.Effect of negative voltage on the microstructure,degradability and in vitro bioactivity of microarc oxidized coatings on ZK60 magnesium alloy[J].Materials Letters,2014,119(1):127-130.
[11]DARBAND G B,ALIOFKHAZRAEI M,HAMGHALAM P,et al.Plasma electrolytic oxidation of magnesium and its alloys:Mechanism,properties and applications[J].Journal of Magnesium and Alloys,2017,5(1):74-132.
[12]KHASELEV O,WEISS D,YAHALOM J.Anodizing of Pure Magnesium in KOH‐Aluminate Solutions under Sparking[J].Journal of the Electrochemical Society,1999,146(146):1 757-1 761.
[13]董凯辉,宋影伟,单大勇,等.镁合金微弧氧化技术的研究进展[J].表面技术,2015,44(3):74-80.
[14]VEYS-RENAUX D,ROCCA E,MARTIN J,et al.Initial Stages of AZ91 Mg Alloy Micro-arc Anodizing:Growth Mechanisms and Effect on the Corrosion Resistance[J].Electrochimica Acta,2014,124(4):36-45.
[15]蒋百灵,张先锋,朱静.铝合金镁合金微弧氧化陶瓷层的形成机理及性能[J].西安理工大学学报,2003,19(4):297-302.
[16]何思宇.铝合金表面微弧氧化膜的组织结构与性能[D].济南:山东大学,2012:7.
[17]KRYSMANN W,KURZE P,DITTRICH K H,et al.Process Characteristics and Parameters of Anodic Oxidation by Spark Discharge(ANOF)[J].Crystal Research and Technology,2010,19(7):973-979.
[18]O'DWYER J J.The theory of avalanche breakdown in solid dielectrics[J].Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids,1967,28(7):1 137-1 144.
[19]夏伶勤.铝合金表面扫描式微弧氧化陶瓷膜的制备与形成机理[D].北京:北京交通大学,2017:8-9.
[20]YEH S C,TSAI D S,WANG J M,et al.Coloration of the aluminum alloy surface with dye emulsions while growing a plasma electrolytic oxide layer[J].Surface and Coatings Technology,2016,287:61-66.
[21]LI H,SUN Y,ZHANG J.Effect of Zr O2,particle on the performance of micro-arc oxidation coatings on Ti6Al4V[J].Applied Surface Science,2015,342:183-190.
[22]曲立杰.镁合金表面超声微弧氧化生物涂层的组织结构与性能[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2015:1-5.
[23]KURZE P,KRYSMANN W,SCHNEIDER H G.Application Fields of ANOF Layers and Composites[J].Crystal Research and Technology,1986,21(12):1 603-1 609.
[24]赵晓鑫,马颖,孙钢.镁合金微弧氧化研究进展[J].铸造技术,2013,34(1):45-47.
[25]CHEN D,WANG R,HUANG Z,et al.Evolution processes of the corrosion behavior and structural characteristics of plasma electrolytic oxidation coatings on AZ31 magnesium alloy[J].Applied Surface Science,2017,434:326-335.
[26]董海荣,马颖,郭惠霞,等.AZ91D镁合金微弧氧化膜生长方式的多维探讨[J].中国有色金属学报,2015,25(3):690-696.
[27]WEN C,ZHAN X,HUANG X,et al.Characterization and corrosion properties of hydroxyapatite/graphene oxide biocomposite coating on magnesium alloy by one-step micro-arc oxidation method[J].Surface and Coatings Technology,2017,317:125-133.
[28]YAGI S,SENGOKU A,KUBOTA K,et al.Surface Modification of ACM522 Magnesium Alloy by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation in Phosphate Electrolyte[J].Corrosion Science,2012,57(2):74-80.
[29]TU W,CHENG Y,WANG X,et al.Plasma electrolytic oxidation of AZ31 magnesium alloy in aluminate-tungstate electrolytes and the coating formation mechanism[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2017,725:199-216.
[30]孔冰,邵忠财,陈靖涵,等.镁合金微弧氧化技术的研究现状[J].电镀与环保,2015,35(2):4-6.
[31]CHEN W W,WANG Z X,SUN L,et al.Research of Growth Mechanism of Ceramic Coatings Fabricated by Micro-arc Oxidation on Magnesium Alloys at High Current Mode[J].Journal of Magnesium and Alloys,2015,3(3):253-257.
[32]WANG S Y,XIA Y P.Microarc Oxidation Coating Fabricated on AZ91D Mg Alloy in an Optimized Dual Electrolyte[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2013,23(2):412-419.
[33]魏方红,李慕勤,郭小娟,等.植酸对纯镁超声微弧氧化层防护性能的影响[J].中国表面工程,2015,28(2):78-83.
[34]邵文婷,蒋百灵,房爱存.镁合金微弧氧化体系中四硼酸钠的作用机理研究[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2016,45(4):918-922.
[35]SHI L,XU Y,LI K,et al.Effect of Additives on Structure and Corrosion Resistance of Ceramic Coatings on Mg-Li Alloy by Micro-arc Oxidation[J].Current Applied Physics,2010,10(3):719-723.
[36]马颖,剡晓旭,王晟,等.偏钒酸铵对镁合金微弧氧化着色膜的影响[J].兰州理工大学学报,2016,42(6):1-4.
[37]LEE S J,TOAN D L H.Effects of Copper Additive on Micro-arc Oxidation Coating of LZ91 Magnesium-Lithium Alloy[J].Surface and Coatings Technology,2016,307:781-789.
[38]刘东杰,蒋百灵,刘政,等.纳米Si O2添加剂对镁合金微弧氧化陶瓷层组织结构及耐蚀性的影响[J].材料保护,2013,46(7):8-10.
[39]徐涛涛,赵世明.稀土盐添加剂在镁合金微弧氧化中的应用研究[J].电镀与精饰,2014,36(2):5-8.
[40]陈维伟,芦笙,徐荣远,等.电流密度对ZK60镁合金微弧氧化膜微观结构及性能的影响[J].热加工工艺,2015,44(18):137-140.
[41]YUE Y,HUA W U.Effect of current density on corrosion resistance of micro-arc oxide coatings on magnesium alloy[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2010,20(s2):s688-s692.
[42]吴云峰,杨钢,裴崇,等.正向电压对TC4钛合金微弧氧化膜层性能的影响[J].热加工工艺,2014,42(16):148-150.
[43]TANG H,HAN Y,WU T,et al.Synthesis and properties of hydroxyapatite-containing coating on AZ31 magnesium alloy by micro-arc oxidation[J].Applied Surface Science,2016,400:391-404.
[44]崔学军,李晓飞,李特,等.负向电压对AZ31B镁合金表面微弧氧化膜结构和耐蚀性的影响[J].中国腐蚀与防护学报,2016,36(2):137-142.
[2]ZENG R C,KONG L H,CHEN J,et al.Research Progress on Surface Modification of Magnesium Alloys for Medical Applications[J].Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2011,21(1):35-43.
[3]薛文斌,邓志威,张通和,等.铸造镁合金微弧氧化机理[J].稀有金属材料与工程,1999,28(6):353-356.
[4]LIN D J,HUNG F Y,LUI T S,et al.Heat Treatment Mechanism and Biodegradable Characteristics of ZAX1330Mg Alloy[J].Materials Science and Engineering C,2015,51(1):300-308.
[5]GRAY J E,LUAN B.Protective Coatings on Magnesium and Its Alloys[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2002,336(1):88-113.
[6]SHARMAN A K,SURESH M R,BHOJRAJ H,et al.Electroless nickel plating on magnesium alloy[J].Met Finish,1998,96:10-14.
[7]HSIAO H Y,TSAI W T.Characterization of anodic films formed on AZ91D magnesium alloy[J].Surface and Coatings Technology,2005,190(2/3):299-308.
[8]AMBAT R,ZHOU W.Electroless nickel-plating on AZ91Dmagnesium alloy:effect of substrate microstructure and plating parameters[J].Surface and Coatings Technology,2004,179(2/3):124-134.
[9]NARAYANAN T S N S,PARK I S,MIN H L.Strategies to improve the corrosion resistance of microarc oxidation(MAO)coated magnesium alloys for degradable implants:Prospects and challenges[J].Progress in Materials Science,2014,60(3):1-71.
[10]PAN Y K,WANG D G,CHEN C Z.Effect of negative voltage on the microstructure,degradability and in vitro bioactivity of microarc oxidized coatings on ZK60 magnesium alloy[J].Materials Letters,2014,119(1):127-130.
[11]DARBAND G B,ALIOFKHAZRAEI M,HAMGHALAM P,et al.Plasma electrolytic oxidation of magnesium and its alloys:Mechanism,properties and applications[J].Journal of Magnesium and Alloys,2017,5(1):74-132.
[12]KHASELEV O,WEISS D,YAHALOM J.Anodizing of Pure Magnesium in KOH‐Aluminate Solutions under Sparking[J].Journal of the Electrochemical Society,1999,146(146):1 757-1 761.
[13]董凯辉,宋影伟,单大勇,等.镁合金微弧氧化技术的研究进展[J].表面技术,2015,44(3):74-80.
[14]VEYS-RENAUX D,ROCCA E,MARTIN J,et al.Initial Stages of AZ91 Mg Alloy Micro-arc Anodizing:Growth Mechanisms and Effect on the Corrosion Resistance[J].Electrochimica Acta,2014,124(4):36-45.
[15]蒋百灵,张先锋,朱静.铝合金镁合金微弧氧化陶瓷层的形成机理及性能[J].西安理工大学学报,2003,19(4):297-302.
[16]何思宇.铝合金表面微弧氧化膜的组织结构与性能[D].济南:山东大学,2012:7.
[17]KRYSMANN W,KURZE P,DITTRICH K H,et al.Process Characteristics and Parameters of Anodic Oxidation by Spark Discharge(ANOF)[J].Crystal Research and Technology,2010,19(7):973-979.
[18]O'DWYER J J.The theory of avalanche breakdown in solid dielectrics[J].Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids,1967,28(7):1 137-1 144.
[19]夏伶勤.铝合金表面扫描式微弧氧化陶瓷膜的制备与形成机理[D].北京:北京交通大学,2017:8-9.
[20]YEH S C,TSAI D S,WANG J M,et al.Coloration of the aluminum alloy surface with dye emulsions while growing a plasma electrolytic oxide layer[J].Surface and Coatings Technology,2016,287:61-66.
[21]LI H,SUN Y,ZHANG J.Effect of Zr O2,particle on the performance of micro-arc oxidation coatings on Ti6Al4V[J].Applied Surface Science,2015,342:183-190.
[22]曲立杰.镁合金表面超声微弧氧化生物涂层的组织结构与性能[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2015:1-5.
[23]KURZE P,KRYSMANN W,SCHNEIDER H G.Application Fields of ANOF Layers and Composites[J].Crystal Research and Technology,1986,21(12):1 603-1 609.
[24]赵晓鑫,马颖,孙钢.镁合金微弧氧化研究进展[J].铸造技术,2013,34(1):45-47.
[25]CHEN D,WANG R,HUANG Z,et al.Evolution processes of the corrosion behavior and structural characteristics of plasma electrolytic oxidation coatings on AZ31 magnesium alloy[J].Applied Surface Science,2017,434:326-335.
[26]董海荣,马颖,郭惠霞,等.AZ91D镁合金微弧氧化膜生长方式的多维探讨[J].中国有色金属学报,2015,25(3):690-696.
[27]WEN C,ZHAN X,HUANG X,et al.Characterization and corrosion properties of hydroxyapatite/graphene oxide biocomposite coating on magnesium alloy by one-step micro-arc oxidation method[J].Surface and Coatings Technology,2017,317:125-133.
[28]YAGI S,SENGOKU A,KUBOTA K,et al.Surface Modification of ACM522 Magnesium Alloy by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation in Phosphate Electrolyte[J].Corrosion Science,2012,57(2):74-80.
[29]TU W,CHENG Y,WANG X,et al.Plasma electrolytic oxidation of AZ31 magnesium alloy in aluminate-tungstate electrolytes and the coating formation mechanism[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2017,725:199-216.
[30]孔冰,邵忠财,陈靖涵,等.镁合金微弧氧化技术的研究现状[J].电镀与环保,2015,35(2):4-6.
[31]CHEN W W,WANG Z X,SUN L,et al.Research of Growth Mechanism of Ceramic Coatings Fabricated by Micro-arc Oxidation on Magnesium Alloys at High Current Mode[J].Journal of Magnesium and Alloys,2015,3(3):253-257.
[32]WANG S Y,XIA Y P.Microarc Oxidation Coating Fabricated on AZ91D Mg Alloy in an Optimized Dual Electrolyte[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2013,23(2):412-419.
[33]魏方红,李慕勤,郭小娟,等.植酸对纯镁超声微弧氧化层防护性能的影响[J].中国表面工程,2015,28(2):78-83.
[34]邵文婷,蒋百灵,房爱存.镁合金微弧氧化体系中四硼酸钠的作用机理研究[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2016,45(4):918-922.
[35]SHI L,XU Y,LI K,et al.Effect of Additives on Structure and Corrosion Resistance of Ceramic Coatings on Mg-Li Alloy by Micro-arc Oxidation[J].Current Applied Physics,2010,10(3):719-723.
[36]马颖,剡晓旭,王晟,等.偏钒酸铵对镁合金微弧氧化着色膜的影响[J].兰州理工大学学报,2016,42(6):1-4.
[37]LEE S J,TOAN D L H.Effects of Copper Additive on Micro-arc Oxidation Coating of LZ91 Magnesium-Lithium Alloy[J].Surface and Coatings Technology,2016,307:781-789.
[38]刘东杰,蒋百灵,刘政,等.纳米Si O2添加剂对镁合金微弧氧化陶瓷层组织结构及耐蚀性的影响[J].材料保护,2013,46(7):8-10.
[39]徐涛涛,赵世明.稀土盐添加剂在镁合金微弧氧化中的应用研究[J].电镀与精饰,2014,36(2):5-8.
[40]陈维伟,芦笙,徐荣远,等.电流密度对ZK60镁合金微弧氧化膜微观结构及性能的影响[J].热加工工艺,2015,44(18):137-140.
[41]YUE Y,HUA W U.Effect of current density on corrosion resistance of micro-arc oxide coatings on magnesium alloy[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2010,20(s2):s688-s692.
[42]吴云峰,杨钢,裴崇,等.正向电压对TC4钛合金微弧氧化膜层性能的影响[J].热加工工艺,2014,42(16):148-150.
[43]TANG H,HAN Y,WU T,et al.Synthesis and properties of hydroxyapatite-containing coating on AZ31 magnesium alloy by micro-arc oxidation[J].Applied Surface Science,2016,400:391-404.
[44]崔学军,李晓飞,李特,等.负向电压对AZ31B镁合金表面微弧氧化膜结构和耐蚀性的影响[J].中国腐蚀与防护学报,2016,36(2):137-142.