论《墨子》中的“怨”
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摘要
本文通过对《墨子》的研讨与分析,揭示出《墨子》中关于"怨"的多重理解,以及相应的应对方法与化解办法。《墨子》一书中提及"怨"共18处。通过文本分析,可以发现"怨"之所起的原因。根据《墨子》书中关于"怨"的不同用法,可以将"怨"分为"自怨""私怨""民怨"三种,皆有相应的解决方法。《墨子》一书中,关于"怨"之分析以及化解之方法,与墨家学派的整个思想是相一致的。
The purpose of this paper isto point out the diverse understandings of"resentment"in Mozi and the corresponding countermeasures and solutions to resolve these"resentments".There are eighteenplaces mentioned"resentment"in Mozi.Through text analysis,the causes of"resentment"are found.According to the different uses of the term of"resentment"in Mozi,"resentments"can be divided into"selfresentment""private resentment"and"popular resentment",all of which have their respective solutions.The analyses of"resentment"and the methods of resolving it in Mozi are compatible with the thoughts of the Mohist school.
The purpose of this paper isto point out the diverse understandings of"resentment"in Mozi and the corresponding countermeasures and solutions to resolve these"resentments".There are eighteenplaces mentioned"resentment"in Mozi.Through text analysis,the causes of"resentment"are found.According to the different uses of the term of"resentment"in Mozi,"resentments"can be divided into"selfresentment""private resentment"and"popular resentment",all of which have their respective solutions.The analyses of"resentment"and the methods of resolving it in Mozi are compatible with the thoughts of the Mohist school.
引文
[1][德]马克斯·舍勒.道德意识中的怨恨与羞感[M].罗悌伦,林克,译.北京:北京师范出版社,2017.
[2]刘美红.怨及其儒家式化解[J].求索,2009(3):110-112.
[3]张磊.对“人”“己”之别的淡化和消解——先秦诸子“避怨”策略的学理分析[J].历史教学问题,2016(5):90-94.
[4]刘文勇.儒家“怨而不怒”理论再评析[J].西南民族大学学报(人文社科版),2005,26(11):214-216.
[5]刘学平.孟子心性论中的“怨”[J].齐鲁学刊,2017(3):17-22.
[6]Michael D.K.Ing.Born of resentment:yuan怨in early confucian thought[J].Dao,2016(15):19-33
[7]程志华,张乃芳.“无怨”与“无畏”:先秦儒道死亡观分梳[J].伦理学研究,2010(6):56-58.
[8]李建中,袁劲.庄子论“怨”[J].学术论坛,2015(11):96-101.
[9]袁劲.先秦法家论“怨”——以《管子》《商君书》《韩非子》为中心[J].管子学刊,2017(2):24-30.
[10]张立新.诗可以“怨”乎?[J].上饶师专学报,1993(2):25-29.
[11]曹而云.中国文学“怨恨”情节的隐喻叙述[J].宁德师范学院学报,2012(2):54-58.
[12]傅道彬.“诗可以怨”吗?[J].文艺研究,2007(11):100-108.
[13]陈柱.墨学十论[M].桂林:广西师范大学出版社,2010.
[14]孙中原.墨子解读[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2013.
(1)凡涉及《墨子》书中原文,皆取谭家健、孙中原所著《墨子今注今译》,北京:商务印书馆,2009年。
(2)另一处行文与之大同小异:“凡天下祸篡怨恨可使毋起者,以相爱生也,是以仁者誉之。”(《兼爱中》)
[2]刘美红.怨及其儒家式化解[J].求索,2009(3):110-112.
[3]张磊.对“人”“己”之别的淡化和消解——先秦诸子“避怨”策略的学理分析[J].历史教学问题,2016(5):90-94.
[4]刘文勇.儒家“怨而不怒”理论再评析[J].西南民族大学学报(人文社科版),2005,26(11):214-216.
[5]刘学平.孟子心性论中的“怨”[J].齐鲁学刊,2017(3):17-22.
[6]Michael D.K.Ing.Born of resentment:yuan怨in early confucian thought[J].Dao,2016(15):19-33
[7]程志华,张乃芳.“无怨”与“无畏”:先秦儒道死亡观分梳[J].伦理学研究,2010(6):56-58.
[8]李建中,袁劲.庄子论“怨”[J].学术论坛,2015(11):96-101.
[9]袁劲.先秦法家论“怨”——以《管子》《商君书》《韩非子》为中心[J].管子学刊,2017(2):24-30.
[10]张立新.诗可以“怨”乎?[J].上饶师专学报,1993(2):25-29.
[11]曹而云.中国文学“怨恨”情节的隐喻叙述[J].宁德师范学院学报,2012(2):54-58.
[12]傅道彬.“诗可以怨”吗?[J].文艺研究,2007(11):100-108.
[13]陈柱.墨学十论[M].桂林:广西师范大学出版社,2010.
[14]孙中原.墨子解读[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2013.
(1)凡涉及《墨子》书中原文,皆取谭家健、孙中原所著《墨子今注今译》,北京:商务印书馆,2009年。
(2)另一处行文与之大同小异:“凡天下祸篡怨恨可使毋起者,以相爱生也,是以仁者誉之。”(《兼爱中》)