目标导向的创新驱动发展战略实施进展研究
|
摘要
科学评价创新驱动发展战略实施进展,针对差距和问题改进政策措施,是更好促进创新发展的必要举措。实施创新驱动发展战略主要包括实现经济发展动力转换和建成创新型国家两个根本性目标。按照目前发展态势,从科技进步贡献率指标看,基本可以实现2020年达到60%的目标,但距离发达国家科技进步贡献率达70%以上的目标仍存在较大差距。从全要素生产率看,近年来我国全要素生产率对经济增长贡献率较低且呈下降趋势。从战略性新兴产业培育和发展情况看,已形成新的就业和增长点,基本能实现2020年初步建成创新型经济格局的目标。从创新指数看,不同研究均表明我国创新指数发展较快,尤其是从全球视角看,我国已进入高效创新者行列,创新型国家建设取得了标志性成就。但与此同时,我国创新驱动发展战略实施过程中还存在发展不充分不均衡不协调、体制机制障碍、创新投入强度低和结构配置不合理、文化和教育中的消极因素阻碍创新等问题,需要加快企业为主体和市场为导向的经济体制改革,进一步深化科技创新管理体制改革,建立健全科技人员流动和评价制度,修订完善知识产权法并强化知识产权保护,以及从教育着手培养创新文化基因和创新社会氛围。
It is a necessary measure to better promote the innovation and development by measuring the implementation of the innovation-driven development strategy( IDDS),and then improve policy for gaps and problems. The implementation of the innovation-driven development strategy mainly includes the two fundamental goals of transforming the power of economic development and building an innovative country. According to the current development trend,from the indicators of the contribution rate of scientific and technological progress,it is basically possible to achieve the goal of 60% by 2020,but there is still a big gap between the goal of increasing the contribution rate of scientific and technological progress in developed countries by more than 70%. From the perspective of TFP,the contribution rate of China's TFP to China's economic growth has been low and declining in recent years. From the perspective of the cultivation and development of strategic emerging industries,new employment and growth points have been formed,and the goal of initially establishing an innovative economic structure in 2020 can be basically achieved. From the perspective of innovation index,different studies have shown that China's innovation index is developing rapidly. Especially from a global perspective,China has become one of the efficient innovators,and the construction of innovative country have gained landmark achievements. However,IDDS also faces some challenge,such as insufficient development,uneven and uncoordinated development,institutional obstacles,low innovation input intensity and unreasonable structural allocation,and negative factors in culture and education hinder innovation. It is necessary to accelerate the reform of the enterprise-oriented and market-oriented economic system,further deepen the reform of the scientific and technological innovation management system,establish and improve the flow and evaluation system for scientific and technological personnel,revise and improve the intellectual property law and strengthen the protection of intellectual property rights,and start to cultivate innovative cultural genes and innovative social atmosphere from education.
It is a necessary measure to better promote the innovation and development by measuring the implementation of the innovation-driven development strategy( IDDS),and then improve policy for gaps and problems. The implementation of the innovation-driven development strategy mainly includes the two fundamental goals of transforming the power of economic development and building an innovative country. According to the current development trend,from the indicators of the contribution rate of scientific and technological progress,it is basically possible to achieve the goal of 60% by 2020,but there is still a big gap between the goal of increasing the contribution rate of scientific and technological progress in developed countries by more than 70%. From the perspective of TFP,the contribution rate of China's TFP to China's economic growth has been low and declining in recent years. From the perspective of the cultivation and development of strategic emerging industries,new employment and growth points have been formed,and the goal of initially establishing an innovative economic structure in 2020 can be basically achieved. From the perspective of innovation index,different studies have shown that China's innovation index is developing rapidly. Especially from a global perspective,China has become one of the efficient innovators,and the construction of innovative country have gained landmark achievements. However,IDDS also faces some challenge,such as insufficient development,uneven and uncoordinated development,institutional obstacles,low innovation input intensity and unreasonable structural allocation,and negative factors in culture and education hinder innovation. It is necessary to accelerate the reform of the enterprise-oriented and market-oriented economic system,further deepen the reform of the scientific and technological innovation management system,establish and improve the flow and evaluation system for scientific and technological personnel,revise and improve the intellectual property law and strengthen the protection of intellectual property rights,and start to cultivate innovative cultural genes and innovative social atmosphere from education.
引文
[1]王珍珍.“十二五”以来我国省域创新驱动发展战略实施成效分析[J].经济研究参考,2014(58):33-39.
[2]汪晓梦.安徽创新驱动发展战略实施成效评估与比较研究[J].重庆科技学院学报(社会科学版),2016(8):65-67.
[3]课题组.北京创新驱动发展监测评价报告2016[J].科技智囊,2017(1):75-79.
[4]祝兆松.“十二五”期间上海创新驱动发展重大突破与进展评估[J].科学发展,2016(3):23-33.
[5]王海燕,郑秀梅.创新驱动发展的理论基础、内涵与评价[J].中国软科学,2017(1):41-49.
[6]科技部:科技部就“加快建设创新型国家”答记者问[EB/OL].[2019-03-11]. http://www. xinhuanet. com/politics/2019lh/zb/20190311a53981/index.htm.
[7]蔡跃洲,付一夫.全要素生产率增长中的技术效应与结构效应——基于中国宏观和产业数据的测算及分解[J].经济研究,2017(1):72-88.
[8]刘明康.中国的全要素生产率研究——现状、问题和对策[R].香港中文大学全球经济及金融研究所研究专论第四十四号,2016.
[9]李朴民.加快发展战略性新兴产业增强我国经济创新能力和竞争力[J].中国战略性新兴产业,2017(45):1.
[10]麦肯锡全球研究院.中国数字经济如何引领全球新趋势[R].2017.
[11]Dutta,S.,Lanvin,B.,and Wunsch-Vincent,S. The Global Innovation Index 2016:Winning with Global Innovation[EB/OL].https://www.globalinnovationindex.org/home.
[12]邱欣洁.科技进步对经济增长贡献率的研究——基于中国31个省区市数据[J].对外经贸,2016(4):53-55.
[13]马光远.创新驱动亟待扫除体制机制障碍[N].经济参考报,2015-09-09.
[14]德勤中国.比较与启示——从排行榜看中外企业的研发投入[J].科技中国,2017(6):29-31.
[15]高锡荣,柯俊.中国创新文化之现状调查与问题剖析[J].中国科技论坛,2016(7):10-15.
(1)资料来源:http://www.most.gov.cn/cxdc/cxdcpjbg/201812/P020181228501830006619.pdf。
[2]汪晓梦.安徽创新驱动发展战略实施成效评估与比较研究[J].重庆科技学院学报(社会科学版),2016(8):65-67.
[3]课题组.北京创新驱动发展监测评价报告2016[J].科技智囊,2017(1):75-79.
[4]祝兆松.“十二五”期间上海创新驱动发展重大突破与进展评估[J].科学发展,2016(3):23-33.
[5]王海燕,郑秀梅.创新驱动发展的理论基础、内涵与评价[J].中国软科学,2017(1):41-49.
[6]科技部:科技部就“加快建设创新型国家”答记者问[EB/OL].[2019-03-11]. http://www. xinhuanet. com/politics/2019lh/zb/20190311a53981/index.htm.
[7]蔡跃洲,付一夫.全要素生产率增长中的技术效应与结构效应——基于中国宏观和产业数据的测算及分解[J].经济研究,2017(1):72-88.
[8]刘明康.中国的全要素生产率研究——现状、问题和对策[R].香港中文大学全球经济及金融研究所研究专论第四十四号,2016.
[9]李朴民.加快发展战略性新兴产业增强我国经济创新能力和竞争力[J].中国战略性新兴产业,2017(45):1.
[10]麦肯锡全球研究院.中国数字经济如何引领全球新趋势[R].2017.
[11]Dutta,S.,Lanvin,B.,and Wunsch-Vincent,S. The Global Innovation Index 2016:Winning with Global Innovation[EB/OL].https://www.globalinnovationindex.org/home.
[12]邱欣洁.科技进步对经济增长贡献率的研究——基于中国31个省区市数据[J].对外经贸,2016(4):53-55.
[13]马光远.创新驱动亟待扫除体制机制障碍[N].经济参考报,2015-09-09.
[14]德勤中国.比较与启示——从排行榜看中外企业的研发投入[J].科技中国,2017(6):29-31.
[15]高锡荣,柯俊.中国创新文化之现状调查与问题剖析[J].中国科技论坛,2016(7):10-15.
(1)资料来源:http://www.most.gov.cn/cxdc/cxdcpjbg/201812/P020181228501830006619.pdf。