基于PSFR模型的东江湖流域生态安全评价
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摘要
基于PSFR(压力-状态-功能-响应)框架模型,从社会经济影响、水生态健康、生态服务功能、水环境与水资源调控管理4个方面,选择15个大项,46个小项建立了东江湖流域生态安全评价指标体系。在专家打分和层次分析法的基础上确定指标权重,并采用加权叠加、分类分级的方法定量化地评价了东江湖流域生态安全指数。研究结果表明,东江湖流域生态安全指数为79,处于安全水平,但还未达到很安全的理想程度。影响东江湖流域生态安全的劣势因子主要是水环境与水资源调控管理和社会经济影响因素,包括污染治理、水利工程、矿产开采、流域污染负荷等。完善流域环境基础设施建设,建立流域环境治理和监管体系,是提高流域生态安全,实现东江湖流域可持续发展的重要途径。
Ecological security is defined as the undamaged and unthreatened conditions of living space and ecological environment which support regional sustainable development.The major aim of evaluating ecological security is to provide a reference for decision-making on resource protection and regional sustainable development.Given the specific environment of Dongjiang Lake watershed into consideration,meet the urgent decision making requirenments on restoring the impaired basins under human's distuibance.In order to understand the effect of environmental problems on ecological security,it is important to evaluate the ecological security conditions in the study region.This paper built up the principles of the pressure-state-function-response(PSFR)model.From the point of PSFR model,established an indicator system including 4aspects concluded the social and economic impact,water ecological health,ecological service function,management and control of the water environment and resources,by using the eco-security assessment system consisted of social and economic subsystem,water ecological subsystem,ecological service subsystem,management and control of the water environment and resources subsystem,selected 15 major items and added up to 46indeces(i.e.per capital GDP,urban land rate,index of the influence of water conservancy projects,mining engineering influence index,et al)for evaluation of ecological security in Dongjiang Lake watershed,determined the weight of indicators using expert scoring and AHP,quantized and calculated by weighted overlay and classification-grading methods,evaluated the ecological security of the study area.The results has successfully showed that ecological security index of Dongjiang Lake watershed is 79,which kept at a relative safe state level,but has not yet reached the desired safe level.Disadvantage factors mainly affecting the ecological security of Dongjiang Lake watershed included management and control of the water environment and resources the social and economic impact,ecology environmental regulation of water environment and water resource management and social economic factors,including pollution control and regulation ability,population,social and economic pressures,pollution load of river into the lake and water quality,the amount of water,etc.Actively promoting economic structural adjustment and industrial upgrading,improving the environmental infrastructure construction,establishing environmental management and supervision system,improving the level of ecological safety,is an important way to realize the sustainable development of Dongjiang Lake watershed.
Ecological security is defined as the undamaged and unthreatened conditions of living space and ecological environment which support regional sustainable development.The major aim of evaluating ecological security is to provide a reference for decision-making on resource protection and regional sustainable development.Given the specific environment of Dongjiang Lake watershed into consideration,meet the urgent decision making requirenments on restoring the impaired basins under human's distuibance.In order to understand the effect of environmental problems on ecological security,it is important to evaluate the ecological security conditions in the study region.This paper built up the principles of the pressure-state-function-response(PSFR)model.From the point of PSFR model,established an indicator system including 4aspects concluded the social and economic impact,water ecological health,ecological service function,management and control of the water environment and resources,by using the eco-security assessment system consisted of social and economic subsystem,water ecological subsystem,ecological service subsystem,management and control of the water environment and resources subsystem,selected 15 major items and added up to 46indeces(i.e.per capital GDP,urban land rate,index of the influence of water conservancy projects,mining engineering influence index,et al)for evaluation of ecological security in Dongjiang Lake watershed,determined the weight of indicators using expert scoring and AHP,quantized and calculated by weighted overlay and classification-grading methods,evaluated the ecological security of the study area.The results has successfully showed that ecological security index of Dongjiang Lake watershed is 79,which kept at a relative safe state level,but has not yet reached the desired safe level.Disadvantage factors mainly affecting the ecological security of Dongjiang Lake watershed included management and control of the water environment and resources the social and economic impact,ecology environmental regulation of water environment and water resource management and social economic factors,including pollution control and regulation ability,population,social and economic pressures,pollution load of river into the lake and water quality,the amount of water,etc.Actively promoting economic structural adjustment and industrial upgrading,improving the environmental infrastructure construction,establishing environmental management and supervision system,improving the level of ecological safety,is an important way to realize the sustainable development of Dongjiang Lake watershed.
引文
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[15]赵焕臣,许树柏,和金生,等.层次分析法[M].北京:科学出版社,1986:3-5.
[2]曲格平.关注生态安全之一:生态环境问题已经成为国家安全的热门话题[J].环境保护,2002(5):3-5.
[3]刘明,刘淳,王克林.洞庭湖流域生态安全状态变化及其驱动力分析[J].生态学杂志,2007,26(8):1271-1276.
[4]王宏昌,魏晶,姜萍,等.辽西大凌河流域生态安全评价[J].应用生态学报,2006,17(12):2426-2430.
[5]SYDELKO P J,HLOHOWSKYJ I,MAJERUS K,et al.An object-oriented framework for dynamic ecosystem modeling:application for integrated risk assessment[J].Science of the Total Environment,2001,274(1/3):271-281.
[6]RASUL G,THAPA G B.Sustainability analysis of ecological and conventional agricultural systems in Bangladesh[J].World Development,2003,31(10):1721-1741.
[7]彭立,苏春江,徐云,等.模糊模式识别模型在流域生态安全评价中的应用[J].四川林业科技,2007,28(5):1-5.
[8]彭静波,邸利,林斌,等.基于熵权灰色关联分析的小流域生态安全评价——以定西市安家沟小流域为例[J].湖南农业科学,2010(7):84-87.
[9]张艳丽,蒲欣冬,陈怀录,等.基于遥感和GIS的石羊河流域生态安全评价[J].中国沙漠,2011,31(6):1493-1500.
[10]李玉照,刘永,颜小品.基于DPSIR模型的流域生态安全评价指标体系研究[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2012,48(6):971-981.
[11]高吉喜,张向晖,姜昀,等.流域生态安全评价关键问题研究[J].科学通报,2007,52(增刊Ⅱ):216-224.
[12]黄妮,刘殿伟,王宗明.辽河中下游流域生态安全评价[J].资源科学,2008,30(8):1243-1251.
[13]张青青,徐海量,樊自立,等.基于玛纳斯河流域生态问题的生态安全评价[J].干旱区地理,2012,35(3):479-486.
[14]ATKINS J P,BURDON D,ELLIOTT M,et al.Management of the marine environment:Integrating ecosystem services and societal benefits with the DPSIR framework in a systems approach[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2011,62(2):215-226.
[15]赵焕臣,许树柏,和金生,等.层次分析法[M].北京:科学出版社,1986:3-5.