ABR-MABR耦合工艺处理畜禽养殖废水的同步启动
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摘要
为评价采用ABR-MABR(厌氧折流板反应器-膜曝气生物膜反应器)耦合工艺处理畜禽养殖废水的可行性,采用模拟畜禽养殖废水,通过在ABR的厌氧格室接种厌氧颗粒污泥和MABR的好氧格室接种活性污泥,逐步升高进水负荷进行反应器的同步启动,并通过PCR-DGGE技术研究了反应器中微生物群落结构.结果表明:48 d后反应器OLR(有机负荷,以CODCr计)达到5.0kg/(m3·d),此时,耦合反应器对CODCr、NH4+-N的去除率分别可达89%、60%,反应器成功启动;成功启动之后反应器中厌氧颗粒污泥的浓度在14.0~35.0 g/L之间,直径由1.18~1.58 mm增至1.62~2.37 mm.ABR-MABR中的污泥主要由杆状菌和少量丝状菌、球状菌以及胞外聚合物组成;反应器中微生物群落结构丰富,厌氧格室中存在优势的具有产氢、产甲烷功能菌群或反硝化功能的菌群,曝气格室中存在硝化细菌〔uncultured Nitrospira sp.、uncultured Nitrospira sp.(Nitrospirae)〕与反硝化细菌(Thauera sp.),同时也发现了与厌氧消化产甲烷相关的菌群.研究显示,采用接种厌氧颗粒污泥与逐步升高进水负荷的方式可以快速实现ABR-MABR的同步启动.
To evaluate the feasibility of treating synthetic livestock wastewater by the coupling biological process of anaerobic baffled reactor(ABR) and membrane biofilm bioreactor(MABR),mature anaerobic granular and activated sludges were employed as the seed sludge for ABR and MABR compartments,respectively.The microbial community structure in ABR-MABR compartments was analyzed by PCR-DGGE.The results showed that the duration of start-up time lasted 48 days until the OLR reached 5.0 kg/(m3·d)(measured as CODCr) as the organic loading rate(OLR) increased gradually.After start-up,the average removal rates of CODCrand NH4+-N for ABRMABR treating synthetic livestock and poultry wastewater reached 89% and 60%,respectively.The MLSS values of anaerobic granular sludge in ABR compartments ranged from 14.0 to 35.0 g/L,and their median diameters increased from 1.18-1.58 mm of seed sludge to1.62-2.37 mm.Moreover, sludge in ABR-MABR compartments consisted of bacillus, filamentous fungus, sphaerophorus and extracellular polymeric substance(EPS).Moreover, hydrogenogens and methanogensor denitrifying bacteria were predominant in anaerobic compartments of ABR-MABR.Nitrobacteria,such as uncultured Nitrospira sp.,uncultured Nitrospira sp.(Nitrospirae) and denitrifying bacteria like Thauera sp.were also observed in MABR compartments,and anaerobic bacteria such as hydrogenogens and methanogens also appeared.The study indicated that the quick and synchronous start-up of ABR-MABR could be achieved by inoculating mature anaerobic granular sludge and gradually increasing OLR.
To evaluate the feasibility of treating synthetic livestock wastewater by the coupling biological process of anaerobic baffled reactor(ABR) and membrane biofilm bioreactor(MABR),mature anaerobic granular and activated sludges were employed as the seed sludge for ABR and MABR compartments,respectively.The microbial community structure in ABR-MABR compartments was analyzed by PCR-DGGE.The results showed that the duration of start-up time lasted 48 days until the OLR reached 5.0 kg/(m3·d)(measured as CODCr) as the organic loading rate(OLR) increased gradually.After start-up,the average removal rates of CODCrand NH4+-N for ABRMABR treating synthetic livestock and poultry wastewater reached 89% and 60%,respectively.The MLSS values of anaerobic granular sludge in ABR compartments ranged from 14.0 to 35.0 g/L,and their median diameters increased from 1.18-1.58 mm of seed sludge to1.62-2.37 mm.Moreover, sludge in ABR-MABR compartments consisted of bacillus, filamentous fungus, sphaerophorus and extracellular polymeric substance(EPS).Moreover, hydrogenogens and methanogensor denitrifying bacteria were predominant in anaerobic compartments of ABR-MABR.Nitrobacteria,such as uncultured Nitrospira sp.,uncultured Nitrospira sp.(Nitrospirae) and denitrifying bacteria like Thauera sp.were also observed in MABR compartments,and anaerobic bacteria such as hydrogenogens and methanogens also appeared.The study indicated that the quick and synchronous start-up of ABR-MABR could be achieved by inoculating mature anaerobic granular sludge and gradually increasing OLR.
引文
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[18]CASEY E,GLENNON B,HAMER G.Biofilm development in a membrane-aerated biofilm reactor:effect of flow velocity on performance[J].Biotechnology and Bioengineering,2000,67(4):476-86.
[19]COLE A C,SEMMENS M J,LAPARA T M.Stratification of activity and bacterial community structure in biofilms grown on membranes transferring oxygen[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2004,70(4):1982-1989.
[20]胡绍伟,徐小连,杨春雨,等.厌氧折流板反应器与膜曝气生物膜反应器耦合作用的试验研究[J].环境科学,2010,31(3):697-702.HU Shaowei,XU Xiaolian,YANG Chunyu,et al.Coupling anaerobic baffled reactor and membrane-aerated biofilm reactor[J].Environmental Science,2010,31(3):697-702.
[21]KUSCUS,SPONZAD T.Performance of anaerobic baffled reactor(ABR)treating synthetic wastewater containing p-nitrophenol[J].Enzyme&Microbial Technology,2005,36(7):888-895.
[22]陈晴.ABR-MABR耦合工艺处理畜禽养殖废水研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2015:10-17.
[23]APHA.Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater[M].21st ed.Washington DC:APHA,2005:214-227.
[24]冯晶.ABR-人工湿地分散处理乡村生活污水的控制因子的强化研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2014:33-47.
[25]邢德峰,任南琪,李建政.荧光原位杂交在环境微生物学中的应用及进展[J].环境科学研究,2003,16(3):55-58.XING Defeng,REN Nanqi,LI Jianzheng.Application and progress of fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH)in environmental microbiology[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2003,16(3):55-58.
[26]钱锋,曾萍,宋晨,等.养猪废水的吸附-过滤法初级处理试验研究[J].安全与环境学报,2008,8(6):60-64.QIAN Feng,ZENG Ping,SONG Chen,et al.Study on the way of pre-treating swine wastewater with the adsorption-filtration method[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2008,8(6):60-64.
[27]郑平,徐向阳,胡宝兰.新型生物脱氮理论与技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2004:55-75.
[28]任南琪,王爱杰.厌氧生物技术原理与应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004:25-28.
[29]HEADI M,HIOMS D,EMBLEY T M,et al.The phylogeny of autotrophic ammonia oxidizing bacteria as determined by analysis of16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences[J].Journal of Genetic Microbiology,1993,139(6):1147-1153.
[30]CHEN G H,WONG M T,OKABES,et al.Dynamic response of nitrifying activated sludge batch culture to increased chloride concentration[J].Water Research,2003,37(13):3125-3135.
[31]BOTHE H,JOST G,SCHLOTER M,et al.Molecular analysis of ammonia oxidation and denitrification in natural environments[J].FEMS Microbiology Reviews,2000,24(5):673-690.
[32]LOGEMANN S,SCHANTL J,BIJVANK S,et al.Molecular microbial diversity in a nitrifying reactor system without sludge retention[J].FEMS Microbiology Ecology,1998,27(3):239-249.
[2]孟祥海.中国畜牧业环境污染防治问题研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2014:2.
[3]苗莹,沈志强,周岳溪,等.功能分区型人工湿地处理养殖废水厌氧硝化液的性质[J].环境科学研究,2016,29(7):1075-1082.MIAO Ying,SHEN Zhiqiang,ZHOU Yuexi,et al.Performance of a functional zoning constructed wetland for the treatment of digested swine wastewater[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2016,29(7):1075-1082.
[4]万莉,邹义龙,弓晓峰,等.电增强零价铁强化厌氧氨氧化处理高氮养猪废水[J].环境科学研究,2015,28(8):1302-1310.WAN Li,ZOU Yilong,GONG Xiaofeng,et al.Electrical field and zero-valent iron-enhanced anaerobic ammonium oxidation for the treatment of high-nitrogen swine wastewater[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2015,28(8):1302-1310.
[5]王亮,陈重军,陈英旭,等.规模化猪场养殖废水UASB-SFSBRMAP处理工艺中试研究[J].环境科学,2013,34(3):979-985.WANG Liang,CHEN Chongjun,CHEN Yingxu,et al.Effect of pilot UASB-SFSBR-MAP process for the large scale swine wastewater treatment[J].Environmental Science,2013,34(3):979-985.
[6]胡绍伟.厌氧折流板反应器与膜曝气生物膜反应器的耦合作用研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2008:1-29.
[7]BARBER W P,STUCKEY D C.The use of the anaerobic baffled reactor(ABR)for wastewater treatment:a review[J].Water Research,1999,33(7):1559-1578.
[8]姜诗慧,彭剑锋,宋永会,等.电辅助对厌氧折流板反应器处理高浓度有机废水的影响[J].环境科学研究,2015,28(10):1610-1616.JIANG Shihui,PENG Jianfeng,SONG Yonghui,et al.Effects of electric-assiston treatment of high-strength organic wastewater in anaerobic baffled reactor[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2015,28(10):1610-1616.
[9]姜潇.折流板厌氧反应器(ABR)启动过程中颗粒污泥的分形特征研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2008:1-30.
[10]沈耀良,王宝贞.废水生物处理新技术:理论与应用[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1999:47-75.
[11]王建龙.生物固定化技术与水污染控制[M].北京:科学出版社,2002:158-190.
[12]JI G D,SUN T H,NI J R,et al.Anaerobic baffled reactor(ABR)for treating heavy oil produced water with high concentrations of salt and poor nutrient[J].Bioresource Technology,2009,100(3):1108-1114.
[13]UYANIK S,SALLIS P J,ANDERSON G K.The effect of polymer addition on granulation in an anaerobic baffled reactor(ABR).PartⅠ:process performance[J].Water Research,2002,36(4):933-943.
[14]ZHANG D,LI J,GUO P,et al.Dynamic transition of microbial communities in response to acidification in fixed-bed anaerobic baffled reactors(FABR)of two different flow directions[J].Bioresource Technology,2011,102(7):4703-4711.
[15]CASEY E,GLENNOM B,HAMERG.Review of membrane aerated biofilm reactors[J].Resources,Conservation and Recycling,1999,27:203-215.
[16]LAPARAT M,COLE A C,SHANAHAN J W,et al.The effects of organic carbon,ammoniacal-nitrogen,and oxygen partial pressure on the stratification of membrane-aerated biofilms[J].Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology,2006,33(4):315-323.
[17]SATOH H,ONO H,RULIN B,et al.Macroscale and microscale analyses of nitrification and denitrification in biofilms attached on membrane aerated biofilm reactors[J].Water Research,2004,38(6):1633-1641.
[18]CASEY E,GLENNON B,HAMER G.Biofilm development in a membrane-aerated biofilm reactor:effect of flow velocity on performance[J].Biotechnology and Bioengineering,2000,67(4):476-86.
[19]COLE A C,SEMMENS M J,LAPARA T M.Stratification of activity and bacterial community structure in biofilms grown on membranes transferring oxygen[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2004,70(4):1982-1989.
[20]胡绍伟,徐小连,杨春雨,等.厌氧折流板反应器与膜曝气生物膜反应器耦合作用的试验研究[J].环境科学,2010,31(3):697-702.HU Shaowei,XU Xiaolian,YANG Chunyu,et al.Coupling anaerobic baffled reactor and membrane-aerated biofilm reactor[J].Environmental Science,2010,31(3):697-702.
[21]KUSCUS,SPONZAD T.Performance of anaerobic baffled reactor(ABR)treating synthetic wastewater containing p-nitrophenol[J].Enzyme&Microbial Technology,2005,36(7):888-895.
[22]陈晴.ABR-MABR耦合工艺处理畜禽养殖废水研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2015:10-17.
[23]APHA.Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater[M].21st ed.Washington DC:APHA,2005:214-227.
[24]冯晶.ABR-人工湿地分散处理乡村生活污水的控制因子的强化研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2014:33-47.
[25]邢德峰,任南琪,李建政.荧光原位杂交在环境微生物学中的应用及进展[J].环境科学研究,2003,16(3):55-58.XING Defeng,REN Nanqi,LI Jianzheng.Application and progress of fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH)in environmental microbiology[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2003,16(3):55-58.
[26]钱锋,曾萍,宋晨,等.养猪废水的吸附-过滤法初级处理试验研究[J].安全与环境学报,2008,8(6):60-64.QIAN Feng,ZENG Ping,SONG Chen,et al.Study on the way of pre-treating swine wastewater with the adsorption-filtration method[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2008,8(6):60-64.
[27]郑平,徐向阳,胡宝兰.新型生物脱氮理论与技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2004:55-75.
[28]任南琪,王爱杰.厌氧生物技术原理与应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004:25-28.
[29]HEADI M,HIOMS D,EMBLEY T M,et al.The phylogeny of autotrophic ammonia oxidizing bacteria as determined by analysis of16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences[J].Journal of Genetic Microbiology,1993,139(6):1147-1153.
[30]CHEN G H,WONG M T,OKABES,et al.Dynamic response of nitrifying activated sludge batch culture to increased chloride concentration[J].Water Research,2003,37(13):3125-3135.
[31]BOTHE H,JOST G,SCHLOTER M,et al.Molecular analysis of ammonia oxidation and denitrification in natural environments[J].FEMS Microbiology Reviews,2000,24(5):673-690.
[32]LOGEMANN S,SCHANTL J,BIJVANK S,et al.Molecular microbial diversity in a nitrifying reactor system without sludge retention[J].FEMS Microbiology Ecology,1998,27(3):239-249.