珠三角地区利用PM_(2.5)反演气溶胶数浓度谱方法
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摘要
大气气溶胶数浓度谱分布(PNSD)对于大气辐射和光学计算至关重要,利用目前普遍观测的气溶胶质量浓度(PM_(2.5))来反演计算PNSD,能有效补充PNSD观测的不足,对于需要PNSD信息的研究工作如大气能见度计算等有重要的实用价值.本文利用2014年11月～2015年1月在广州城市站进行同期连续观测的干气溶胶粒子的PM_(2.5)、PNSD数据进行客观分析,建立了一种使用PM_(2.5)反演PNSD的方法,并评估了该方法的适用性.结果表明该反演算法具有较好地适用性和稳定性,对于积聚模态的PNSD反演效果较好,但对于PM_(2.5)高浓度的反演结果差异较大.该反演方法将为珠三角地区的大气能见度计算和应用提供有利的依据和支撑.
The aerosol particle number size distribution( PNSD) is of great importance in calculating atmospheric radiation and optics.It can effectively supplement the inadequate observation of PNSD using the widely known aerosol mass concentration( PM_(2.5))measurement to invert PNSD. It would be valuable for research that needs PNSD data,like atmospheric visibility calculation. This paper created a PNSD inversed method based on the statistics and parameterization of the dry aerosol PM_(2.5) and PNSD dataset from the Guangzhou urban site's simultaneous measurements from November 2014 to January 2015. The inversed results appeared good in the accumulation mode,whereas more differences showed with higher PM_(2.5) loading. The applicability and stability of this method makes it preferable. It would provide advanced technical support for the visibility calculation and application in PRD.
The aerosol particle number size distribution( PNSD) is of great importance in calculating atmospheric radiation and optics.It can effectively supplement the inadequate observation of PNSD using the widely known aerosol mass concentration( PM_(2.5))measurement to invert PNSD. It would be valuable for research that needs PNSD data,like atmospheric visibility calculation. This paper created a PNSD inversed method based on the statistics and parameterization of the dry aerosol PM_(2.5) and PNSD dataset from the Guangzhou urban site's simultaneous measurements from November 2014 to January 2015. The inversed results appeared good in the accumulation mode,whereas more differences showed with higher PM_(2.5) loading. The applicability and stability of this method makes it preferable. It would provide advanced technical support for the visibility calculation and application in PRD.
引文
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[2] Twomey S. Pollution and the planetary albedo[J]. Atmospheric Environment,1974,8(12):1251-1256.
[3] Albrecht B A. Aerosols,cloud microphysics, and fractional cloudiness[J]. Science,1989,245(4923):1227-1230.
[4] Rosenfeld D. TRMM observed first direct evidence of smoke from forest fires inhibiting rainfall[J]. Geophysical Research Letters,1999,26(20):3105-3108.
[5] Rosenfeld D. Suppression of rain and snow by urban and industrial air pollution[J]. Science,2000,287(5459):1793-1796.
[6] Charlson R J,Schwartz S E,Hales J M,et al. Climate forcing by anthropogenic aerosols[J]. Science,1992,255(5043):423-430.
[7] Burton I. Climate change 2001:impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability report of IPCC working groupⅡ:Mc Carthy J J,Canziani O F,Leary N A,et al.(Eds.),Cambridge University Press,2001,p. 1032,hardback 0-521-80768-9,USMYM130. 00,paperback 0-521-015000-6,USMYM 49. 95[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2003,117(1-2):123-124.
[8] Zhao C S,Tie X X,Lin Y P. A possible positive feedback of reduction of precipitation and increase in aerosols over eastern central China[J]. Geophysical Research Letters,2006,33(11):L11814.
[9] Mc Murry P H,Wang X,Park K,et al. The relationship between mass and mobility for atmospheric particles:a new technique for measuring particle density[J]. Aerosol Science and Technology,2002,36(2):227-238.
[10] Deng H,Tan H B,Li F,et al. Impact of relative humidity on visibility degradation during a haze event:a case study[J].Science of the Total Environment, 2016, 569-570:1149-1158.
[11] Liu L, Tan H B, Fan S J, et al. Influence of aerosol hygroscopicity and mixing state on aerosol optical properties in the Pearl River Delta region, China[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2018,627:1560-1571.
[12]高元官,张凯,王体健,等.广西北海涠洲岛春季大气颗粒物浓度特征及影响因素[J].环境科学,2017,38(5):1753-1759.Gao Y G, Zhang K, Wang T J, et al. Concentration characteristics and influencing factors of atmospheric particulate matters in spring on Weizhou Island,Beihai,Guangxi Province[J]. Environmental Science,2017,38(5):1753-1759.
[13]常炉予,许建明,周广强,等.上海典型持续性PM2. 5重度污染的数值模拟[J].环境科学,2016,37(3):825-833.Chang L Y,Xu J M,Zhou G Q,et al. A numerical study of typical heavy air pollution episode of PM2. 5in Shanghai[J].Environmental Science,2016,37(3):825-833.
[14]于兴娜,马佳,朱彬,等.南京北郊秋冬季相对湿度及气溶胶理化特性对大气能见度的影响[J].环境科学,2015,36(6):1919-1925.Yu X N,Ma J,Zhu B,et al. Effects of relative humidity and aerosol physicochemical properties on atmospheric visibility in Northern Suburb of Nanjing[J]. Environmental Science,2015,36(6):1919-1925.
[15] Rose D,Nowak A,Achtert P,et al. Cloud condensation nuclei in polluted air and biomass burning smoke near the mega-city Guangzhou,China-Part 1:size-resolved measurements and implications for the modeling of aerosol particle hygroscopicity and CCN activity[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2010,10(7):3365-3383.
[16] Wang Z B,Hu M,Yue D L,et al. New particle formation in the presence of a strong biomass burning episode at a downwind rural site in PRD, China[J]. Tellus B:Chemical and Physical Meteorology,2013,65(1):19965.
[17] Yue D L,Hu M,Wang Z B,et al. Comparison of particle number size distributions and new particle formation between the urban and rural sites in the PRD region,China[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2013,76:181-188.
[18] Liu S,Hu M,Wu Z J,et al. Aerosol number size distribution and new particle formation at a rural/coastal site in Pearl River Delta(PRD)of China[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2008,42(25):6275-6283.
[19] Oberd9rster G,Celein R M,Ferin J,et al. Association of particulate air pollution and acute mortality:involvement of ultrafine particles[J]. Inhalation Toxicology,1995,7(1):111-124.
[20] Tie X X,Wu D,Brasseur G. Lung cancer mortality and exposure to atmospheric aerosol particles in Guangzhou, China[J].Atmospheric Environment,2009,43(14):2375-2377.
[21]吴志军,胡敏,岳玎利,等.重污染和新粒子生成过程中城市大气颗粒物数谱分布演变过程[J].中国科学:地球科学,2011,41(8):1192-1199.Wu Z J,Hu M,Yue D L,et al. Evolution of particle number size distribution in an urban atmosphere during episodes of heavy pollution and new particle formation[J]. Science China Earth Sciences,2011,54(11):1772.
[22] Peters A,Wichmann H E,Tuch T,et al. Respiratory effects are associated with the number of ultrafine particles[J]. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine,1997,155(4):1376-1383.
[23] Vignati E,Wilson J,Stier P. M7:an efficient size-resolved aerosol microphysics module for large-scale aerosol transport models[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,2004,109(D22):D22202.
[24] Schladitz A,Merkel M,Bastian S,et al. A concept of an automated function control for ambient aerosol measurements using mobility particle size spectrometers[J]. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques,2014,7(4):1065-1073.
[25]程雅芳,张远航,胡敏.珠江三角洲大气气溶胶辐射特性:基于观测的模型方法及应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2008.
[26] Ma N,Zhao C S,Müller T,et al. A new method to determine the mixing state of light absorbing carbonaceous using the measured aerosol optical properties and number size distributions[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2012,12(5):2381-2397.
[27] Chen J,Zhao C S,Ma N,et al. A parameterization of low visibilities for hazy days in the North China Plain[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2012,12(11):4935-4950.