基于工匠精神和文化认同的非遗传承——以歙砚制作技艺为例
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摘要
歙砚制作技艺被列入国家级非物质文化遗产后,受到很多来自学界和业界的重视。但现有的研究大多集中在歙砚石材的物理属性分析、作品鉴赏以及如何推进产业化进程上。通过这些年来对歙砚制作技艺发展的调查研究,发现歙砚制作技艺的传承在取得了一定成绩的同时,也存在着非常严峻的问题。这些问题会严重影响歙砚技艺的完整和可持续发展。本文基于工匠精神与文化认同对这一非遗项目的意义,试图探寻实现歙砚制作技艺完整传承和可持续发展的路径。
Since She Ink-stone craftsmanship was included in the National Intangible Cultural Heritage,it has been valued by the academic and industrial circles. However most of the existing researches focused on the analysis of She Ink-stone's physical attribute,the appreciation of the works and how to promote the industrialization. Investigation and research on the development of She Ink-stone,showed that the craftsmanship has made remarkable achievement,however some serious problems still remain at the same time. These problems will destroy the completeness and sustainable development of the craftsmanship. With consideration of Based on the significance of Craftsman spirit and cultural identity to the craftsmanship as a intangible cultural heritage,this paper tries to explore the path to realize the completeness and sustainable development of She Ink-stone craftsmanship.
Since She Ink-stone craftsmanship was included in the National Intangible Cultural Heritage,it has been valued by the academic and industrial circles. However most of the existing researches focused on the analysis of She Ink-stone's physical attribute,the appreciation of the works and how to promote the industrialization. Investigation and research on the development of She Ink-stone,showed that the craftsmanship has made remarkable achievement,however some serious problems still remain at the same time. These problems will destroy the completeness and sustainable development of the craftsmanship. With consideration of Based on the significance of Craftsman spirit and cultural identity to the craftsmanship as a intangible cultural heritage,this paper tries to explore the path to realize the completeness and sustainable development of She Ink-stone craftsmanship.
引文
[1]刘锡诚.非物质文化遗产保护的中国道路[M].北京:文化艺术出版社,2016.
[2][美]查尔斯·埃德温·贝克,冯建三译,陈卫星校.媒体、市场与民主[M].上海:上海人民出版社,2008.
[3][美]爱德华·霍尔著,何道宽译.超越文化[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2010.
(1)《国家级非物质文化遗产项目代表性传承人认定与管理暂行办法》第五条:“公民提出国家级非物质文化遗产项目代表性传承人申请的,应当向所在地县级以上文化行政部门提供以下材料:(一)申请人基本情况,包括年龄、性别、文化程度、职业、工作单位等;(二)该项目的传承谱系以及申请人的学习与实践经历;(三)申请人的技艺特点、成就及相关的证明材料;(四)申请人持有该项目的相关实物、资料的情况;(五)其他有助于说明申请人代表性的材料。国家级非物质文化遗产项目保护单位可以向所在地县级以上文化行政部门推荐该项目代表性传承人,但应当征得被推荐人的同意,推荐材料应当包括第一款各项内容。项目保护单位属省级行政部门直属单位的,可以将推荐材料直接报送省级文化行政部门;项目保护单位属中央各部门直属单位的,可以将推荐材料直接报送国务院文化行政部门。”
[2][美]查尔斯·埃德温·贝克,冯建三译,陈卫星校.媒体、市场与民主[M].上海:上海人民出版社,2008.
[3][美]爱德华·霍尔著,何道宽译.超越文化[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2010.
(1)《国家级非物质文化遗产项目代表性传承人认定与管理暂行办法》第五条:“公民提出国家级非物质文化遗产项目代表性传承人申请的,应当向所在地县级以上文化行政部门提供以下材料:(一)申请人基本情况,包括年龄、性别、文化程度、职业、工作单位等;(二)该项目的传承谱系以及申请人的学习与实践经历;(三)申请人的技艺特点、成就及相关的证明材料;(四)申请人持有该项目的相关实物、资料的情况;(五)其他有助于说明申请人代表性的材料。国家级非物质文化遗产项目保护单位可以向所在地县级以上文化行政部门推荐该项目代表性传承人,但应当征得被推荐人的同意,推荐材料应当包括第一款各项内容。项目保护单位属省级行政部门直属单位的,可以将推荐材料直接报送省级文化行政部门;项目保护单位属中央各部门直属单位的,可以将推荐材料直接报送国务院文化行政部门。”