翻压油菜绿肥对枸杞产量和土壤养分含量的影响
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摘要
通过田间试验研究了化肥施用量减半条件下,种植绿肥对宁杞5号枸杞果实产量和土壤养分含量的影响,试验包括化肥减半+配施有机肥(T1)、化肥减半+翻压油菜(T2)和全施化肥(CK)三个处理。结果显示:与CK相比,T1和T2处理分别使枸杞干果年产量显著增加24.1%和19.1%;在秋果采收后,T1和T2处理分别使枸杞地土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量较CK显著增加12.8%、13.2%、36.0%、28.2%和60.2%、23.1%、28.5%、57.9%。说明在化肥施用量减半条件下,配施有机肥或翻压油菜绿肥均可以提高枸杞地土壤养分含量,增加枸杞干果产量;而且在提高土壤养分含量方面,翻压绿肥油菜效果更为显著。枸杞行间套种油菜作为绿肥翻压,可以减少化肥施用量,也是提高枸杞产量和枸杞地土壤养分含量的重要技术措施。
A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of green manure on the fruit yields of Ningqi No. 5 wolfberry and soil nutrientstatus, under the condition of halving the amount of fertilizer, which included half chemical fertilizer with organic manure(T1), half chemical fertilizer spreading rapeseed straw manuring(T2), and chemical fertilizer only(CK) treatments. Results showed that, compared with CK, the dry fruit yield of T1 and T2 treatments was significant increased by 24.1% and 19.1%, respectively. Contents of soil organic matter, alkali hydrolysable N, available P, available K of T1 and T2 treatment significant increased by 12.8%, 13.2%, 36.0%, 28.2%, and 60.2%, 23.1%, 28.5%, 57.9%, respectively, at the end of autumn when fruits were harvested. These results indicated that, under the condition of halving the amount of fertilizer, both added organic manure and rapeseed straw manuring could increase the wolfberry fruit yield and the soil nutrient content, and the rapeseed straw manuring was more significant than added organic manure. Therefore, wolfberry interplanting with rapeseed as green manure not only reduced the chemical fertilizer application, but also increased the fruit yield and soil nutrient content of wolfberry.
A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of green manure on the fruit yields of Ningqi No. 5 wolfberry and soil nutrientstatus, under the condition of halving the amount of fertilizer, which included half chemical fertilizer with organic manure(T1), half chemical fertilizer spreading rapeseed straw manuring(T2), and chemical fertilizer only(CK) treatments. Results showed that, compared with CK, the dry fruit yield of T1 and T2 treatments was significant increased by 24.1% and 19.1%, respectively. Contents of soil organic matter, alkali hydrolysable N, available P, available K of T1 and T2 treatment significant increased by 12.8%, 13.2%, 36.0%, 28.2%, and 60.2%, 23.1%, 28.5%, 57.9%, respectively, at the end of autumn when fruits were harvested. These results indicated that, under the condition of halving the amount of fertilizer, both added organic manure and rapeseed straw manuring could increase the wolfberry fruit yield and the soil nutrient content, and the rapeseed straw manuring was more significant than added organic manure. Therefore, wolfberry interplanting with rapeseed as green manure not only reduced the chemical fertilizer application, but also increased the fruit yield and soil nutrient content of wolfberry.
引文
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[16] 李红燕,胡铁成,曹群虎,等.旱地不同绿肥品种和种植方式提高土壤肥力的效果[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(5):1310-1318.
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[2] 南雄雄,王昊,常红宇,等.不同施肥量对风沙土区枸杞生长的影响[J].经济林研究,2014,32(3):104-108.
[3] 刘赛,徐荣,陈君,等.宁夏中宁不同施肥方式下土壤肥力及枸杞子品质比较研究[J].中国中药杂志,2011,36(19):2641-2644.
[4] 徐常青,刘赛,徐荣,等.我国枸杞主产区生产现状调研及建议[J].中国中药杂志,2014,39(11):1979-1984.
[5] 韩宏伟,王建友,李勇,等.沙壤土条件下不同施肥水平对成龄枸杞生长及产量的影响[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2015,35(4):46-50.
[6] 康萍芝,张丽荣,沈瑞清.宁夏枸杞落叶病发生原因及防治对策[J].北方园艺,2012,23:170-172.
[7] 李云翔,王少东,柯英,等.宁夏主要枸杞产区施肥现状与土壤养分特征[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016,34(2):113-118.
[8] 鲍瑞,周筠,康建宏,等.不同有机肥对枸杞活性成分的影响[J].土壤与肥料,2013,(5):174-177.
[9] 周倩倩,王有科,李捷,等.施用沼液对景电灌区枸杞生长及品质的影响[J].华南农业大学学报,2013,34(1):12-17.
[10] 傅廷栋,梁东华,周广生.油菜绿肥在现代农业中的优势及发展建议[J].中国农技推广,2012,28(8):37-39.
[11] 王丹英,彭建,徐春梅,等.油菜作绿肥还田的培肥效应及对水稻生长的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2011,26(2):85-91.
[12] 何亮珍,郭嘉,付爱斌,等.双季稻冬闲田种植绿肥对土壤理化性质的影响[J].作物研究,2017,31(4):405-414.
[13] 刘领,李继伟,任鹏,等.不同芸薹属绿肥对烤烟生长及产量的影响[J].河南农业科学,2017,46(8):52-56.
[14] 吴大鸿.油菜秸秆还土改良中低产旱地试验效果[J].贵州农业科学,2004,32(2):45-47.
[15] 李惠霞,何文寿,王秀娟,等.不同培肥措施对枸杞园盐化土壤性质及枸杞生长的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2010,28(5):79-84.
[16] 李红燕,胡铁成,曹群虎,等.旱地不同绿肥品种和种植方式提高土壤肥力的效果[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(5):1310-1318.
[17] 刘晓霞,陶云斌,章日亮.不同绿肥连续还田对水稻产量和土壤肥力的影响[J].浙江农业科学,2016,57(9):1379-1382.
[18] 席莹莹.绿肥种类和种植方式对水稻产量、养分吸收及土壤肥力的影响[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2014.
[19] 赵慧娟.油菜作为绿肥的栽培技术与田间肥效试验研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2014.