大亚湾混凝土鱼礁和铁质鱼礁附着生物群落结构的季节变化
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摘要
2008年分4个季节对深圳大亚湾混凝土礁体和铁质礁体上附着生物进行调查。结果显示,生物群落的种类组成存在季节差异。混凝土礁体秋季群落组成最丰富(60种),其次为夏季(58种)、春季(56种)和冬季(37种),其中仅23种为群落的共有种。不同季节群落的生物量为冬季﹥秋季﹥春季﹥夏季,而物种优势度(Y)差异不显著;不同季节的物种丰富度指数(R)为秋季>夏季>春季>冬季,物种多样性指数(H')为夏季>秋季>春季>冬季,均匀度指数(E)为夏季>秋季>春季>冬季。铁质礁体春季群落组成最丰富(70种),其次是夏季(57种)、秋季(51种)和冬季(41种),其中仅17种为群落的共有种。不同季节群落的生物量为春季﹥秋季﹥夏季﹥冬季,而物种Y差异不显著;不同季节的物种R为春季>夏季>冬季>秋季,H'为冬季>夏季>秋季>春季,E为冬季>夏季>秋季>春季。然而,混凝土礁体和铁质礁体附着生物群落的R、H'和E季节变化不显著,且2种材质礁体相比,附着生物群落变化不明显。
We investigated the biofouling communities on concrete and steel reefs in Daya Bay,Shenzhen,in May,July,October and December,2008. Seasonal variation of species composition of biofouling communities was significant. On concrete reefs,60 species were found in autumn,58 in summer,56 in spring and 37 in winter; only 23 species were found simultaneously in four seasons.The descending order of biomass of biofouling communities was winter > autumn > spring > summer. No significant difference in seasonal species dominance was found. The index of richness( R) was autumn > summer > spring > winter; the index of Shannon-Wiener( H') was summer > autumn > spring > winter; the index of evenness( E) was summer > autumn > spring > winter. On steel reefs,70 species were found in spring,57 in summer,51 in autumn and 41 in winter; only 17 species were found simultaneously in four seasons. The biomass of biofouling communities was spring > autumn > summer > winter. No significant difference in seasonal species dominance( Y) was found. The R value was spring > summer > winter > autumn; the H' value was winter > summer > autumn > spring;the E value was winter > summer > autumn > spring. However,no significant difference in R,H' and E values was found,neither wasbiofouling communities between concrete and steel reefs.
We investigated the biofouling communities on concrete and steel reefs in Daya Bay,Shenzhen,in May,July,October and December,2008. Seasonal variation of species composition of biofouling communities was significant. On concrete reefs,60 species were found in autumn,58 in summer,56 in spring and 37 in winter; only 23 species were found simultaneously in four seasons.The descending order of biomass of biofouling communities was winter > autumn > spring > summer. No significant difference in seasonal species dominance was found. The index of richness( R) was autumn > summer > spring > winter; the index of Shannon-Wiener( H') was summer > autumn > spring > winter; the index of evenness( E) was summer > autumn > spring > winter. On steel reefs,70 species were found in spring,57 in summer,51 in autumn and 41 in winter; only 17 species were found simultaneously in four seasons. The biomass of biofouling communities was spring > autumn > summer > winter. No significant difference in seasonal species dominance( Y) was found. The R value was spring > summer > winter > autumn; the H' value was winter > summer > autumn > spring;the E value was winter > summer > autumn > spring. However,no significant difference in R,H' and E values was found,neither wasbiofouling communities between concrete and steel reefs.
引文
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[15]MOURA A,BOAVENTURA D,CURDIA J,et al.Biomass production of early macrobenthic communities at the Faro/Ancao artificial reef(Portugal):effect of depth and reef layer[J].Bull Mar Sci,2006,78(1):83-92.
[16]WALKER S J,SCHLACHER T A,SCHLACHER-HOENLINGER M A.Spatial heterogeneity of epibenthos on artificial reefs:fouling communities in the early stages of colonization on an East Australian shipwreck[J].Mar Ecol,2007,28(4):1-11.
[17]SANDROCK S,SCHARF E M,MOHR T.The development of fouling communities on an artificial reef off Nienhagen[M].2011:1-18.
[18]方芳,严涛.南海污损生物研究的现状及展望[J].热带海洋学报,2004,23(1):76-85.
[19]李传燕,黄宗国,郑成兴,等.大亚湾人工鱼礁附着生物的初步研究[J].应用生态学报,1991,2(1):63-69.
[20]郑成兴,黄宗国,李传燕,等.大亚湾珍珠养殖场的污损生物[J].应用生态学报,1991,2(2):146-152.
[21]严颂凯,黄宗国.大亚湾码头桩柱的污损生物群落[J].海洋学报,1992,14(3):115-120.
[22]曾呈奎,张竣甫.黄海西部底栖藻类记录的评论[J].海洋科学集刊,1964,6:1-25.
[23]曾呈奎,张竣甫.黄海和东海的海藻区系[J].海洋与湖沼,1959,2(1):43-52.
[2]SMITH R I.Physiological and ecological problems of brackish waters[J].Annu Biol Colloq,1959,20:59-69.
[3]VERNBERG F J.Physiological ecology of estuarine organisms[M].Columbia:University of South Carolina Press,1975:397.
[4]ANNAPOLIS M.Woods hole oceanographic institute,marine fouling and its prevention[M].Annapolis:United States Naval Institute,1952:388.
[5]林传旭,邹晓理,王华接,等.广东碣石湾污损生物生态研究[J].海洋通报,2011,30(4):287-293.
[6]严涛,严文侠,董钰,等.珠江口东南近海海区污损生物研究[J].海洋学报,2003,25(6):117-125.
[7]李勇,洪洁漳,李辉权.珠江口竹洲人工鱼礁与相邻天然礁附着生物群落结构研究[J].南方水产科学,2013,2(9):20-26.
[8]黄宗国,蔡如星.海洋污损生物及其防除(上)[M].北京:海洋出版社,1984:351.
[9]MEENAKUMARI B,NAIR N B.Ecology of fouling in Cochin Harbor[C]∥6thInternational Congress on Marine Corrosion and Fouling:Marine Biology,1984:159-170.
[10]SEMDES G W.Seasonal changes and fouling community interactions[M]∥Marine biodeterioration and interdisciplinary study.Annapolis:United States Naval Institute,1984:155-160.
[11]黄梓荣,梁小芸,曾嘉.人工鱼礁材料生物附着效果的初步研究[J].南方水产,2006,2(1):34-38.
[12]CALLOW M E.A world-wide survey of fouling on non-toxic and there anti-fouling[C]∥6thInternational Congress on Marine Corrosion and Fouling:Marine Biology,1984:325-346.
[13]BOAVENTURA D,MOURA A,LEITAO F,et al.Macrobenthic colonization of artificial reefs on the southern coast of Portugal(Ancao,Algarve)[J].Hydrobiologia,2006,555(1):335-343.
[14]HATCHER A M.Epibenthic colonization patterns on slabs of stabilized coal-waste in Pools Bay[J].Hydrobiologia,1998,367:153-162.
[15]MOURA A,BOAVENTURA D,CURDIA J,et al.Biomass production of early macrobenthic communities at the Faro/Ancao artificial reef(Portugal):effect of depth and reef layer[J].Bull Mar Sci,2006,78(1):83-92.
[16]WALKER S J,SCHLACHER T A,SCHLACHER-HOENLINGER M A.Spatial heterogeneity of epibenthos on artificial reefs:fouling communities in the early stages of colonization on an East Australian shipwreck[J].Mar Ecol,2007,28(4):1-11.
[17]SANDROCK S,SCHARF E M,MOHR T.The development of fouling communities on an artificial reef off Nienhagen[M].2011:1-18.
[18]方芳,严涛.南海污损生物研究的现状及展望[J].热带海洋学报,2004,23(1):76-85.
[19]李传燕,黄宗国,郑成兴,等.大亚湾人工鱼礁附着生物的初步研究[J].应用生态学报,1991,2(1):63-69.
[20]郑成兴,黄宗国,李传燕,等.大亚湾珍珠养殖场的污损生物[J].应用生态学报,1991,2(2):146-152.
[21]严颂凯,黄宗国.大亚湾码头桩柱的污损生物群落[J].海洋学报,1992,14(3):115-120.
[22]曾呈奎,张竣甫.黄海西部底栖藻类记录的评论[J].海洋科学集刊,1964,6:1-25.
[23]曾呈奎,张竣甫.黄海和东海的海藻区系[J].海洋与湖沼,1959,2(1):43-52.