粉煤灰提铝渣对土壤养分及芹菜生长与品质的影响
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摘要
为探究高铝粉煤灰提铝副产物硅钙渣对土壤养分及芹菜生长与品质的影响,通过盆栽试验研究了不同施加量(0,0.5,1,2,3 g·kg~(-1))的硅钙渣对华南红壤的pH值和有效Ca,Mg,Si等养分含量及其对芹菜株高、产量和营养品质的影响.结果表明,施加0.5～3 g·kg~(-1)的硅钙渣能显著提高酸性土壤的pH值(4.98～7.15),使土壤趋于中性,增加土壤矿质元素(Ca,Mg,Si)的有效态含量,其中施加量与土壤pH值、有效Ca,Mg,Si含量具有极显著相关关系.施加硅钙渣能促进芹菜生长发育,芹菜叶片叶绿素含量提高7.10%～15.00%,株高增加-11.98%～10.63%,产量增加4.52%～45.92%.同时,促进芹菜营养吸收,提高芹菜营养品质,芹菜中Ca,Mg含量分别增加了2.74%～17.10%和22.80%～57.31%;Ca,Mg吸收量分别增加了14.79%～80.47%和44.82%～114.51%;叶片及茎秆维生素C含量分别提高了1.04～1.81倍和1.41～2.67倍.说明高铝粉煤灰提铝副产物硅钙渣是一种很好的硅钙肥原料,有利于抑制土壤酸化,补充土壤有效矿质养分,促进植物生长发育并提高营养品质.
In order to study the effect of silicate calcium residue,a by-product of high aluminum fly ash,on soil nutrient and celery growth and quality,a pot experiments were conducted to study the pH and available calcium,magnesium and silicon of south China red soil in different application rates(0,0.5,1,2,3 g·kg~(-1)) of silicate-calcium slag.Then the effect on plant height and the yield nutritional quality of celery were studied.The result shows that applying 0.5～3 g·kg~(-1) of silicate-calcium slag can significantly increase the pH value of acidic soil(4.98～7.15),make the soil pH value tend to neutral and increase the available content of mineral elements(Ca,Mg,Si) in the soil.The application rates has a significant correlation with soil pH and available Ca,Mg,and Si contents.Besides,the growth of celery can be promoted,reflecting in the chlorophyll content of celery leaves increased by 7.10%～15.00%,the plant height increased by-11.98%～10.63% and the yield increased by 4.52%～45.92%.At the same time,applying silicate-calcium slag can promote the nutrient absorption of celery and improve the nutritional quality of celery:the calcium and magnesium contents of celery increased by 2.74%～17.10% and 22.80%～57.31%,respectively;the absorption of calcium and magnesium increased by 14.79%～80.47% and 44.82%～114.51% respectively;the content of vitamin C in leaves and stems increased by 1.04～1.81 times and 1.41～2.67 times,respectively.The results show that silicon-calcium slag,a by-product of high-aluminum fly ash,is a good silicon-calcium fertilizer raw material,which is beneficial to improve soil acidity,supplement soil effective mineral nutrients,promote plant growth and development and improve nutritional quality.
In order to study the effect of silicate calcium residue,a by-product of high aluminum fly ash,on soil nutrient and celery growth and quality,a pot experiments were conducted to study the pH and available calcium,magnesium and silicon of south China red soil in different application rates(0,0.5,1,2,3 g·kg~(-1)) of silicate-calcium slag.Then the effect on plant height and the yield nutritional quality of celery were studied.The result shows that applying 0.5～3 g·kg~(-1) of silicate-calcium slag can significantly increase the pH value of acidic soil(4.98～7.15),make the soil pH value tend to neutral and increase the available content of mineral elements(Ca,Mg,Si) in the soil.The application rates has a significant correlation with soil pH and available Ca,Mg,and Si contents.Besides,the growth of celery can be promoted,reflecting in the chlorophyll content of celery leaves increased by 7.10%～15.00%,the plant height increased by-11.98%～10.63% and the yield increased by 4.52%～45.92%.At the same time,applying silicate-calcium slag can promote the nutrient absorption of celery and improve the nutritional quality of celery:the calcium and magnesium contents of celery increased by 2.74%～17.10% and 22.80%～57.31%,respectively;the absorption of calcium and magnesium increased by 14.79%～80.47% and 44.82%～114.51% respectively;the content of vitamin C in leaves and stems increased by 1.04～1.81 times and 1.41～2.67 times,respectively.The results show that silicon-calcium slag,a by-product of high-aluminum fly ash,is a good silicon-calcium fertilizer raw material,which is beneficial to improve soil acidity,supplement soil effective mineral nutrients,promote plant growth and development and improve nutritional quality.
引文
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[13] 谢忠雷,杨佰玲,包国章,等.茶园土壤锌的形态分布及其影响因素[J].农业环境科学学报,2006,25(z1):41.
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[17] 陈梅,陈亚华,沈振国,等.猪粪对红壤铝毒的缓解效应[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2002,8(2):173.
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[19] 杨洁.硅钙肥对提高水稻产量改善品质效果初探[J].北方水稻,2017,47(2):28.
[20] 李卫,徐福利,于钦民,等.施用硅钙钾肥对日光温室黄瓜生长与产量的影响[J].北方园艺,2012(6):41.
[21] 王晓军,高洪生,张磊,等.钢渣硅肥在白菜种植中的应用[J].北方园艺,2018(22):18.
[22] 马桂秀.西红柿增施硅钙肥田间肥效试验[J].农业科技通讯,2018(2):121.
[23] 程凤娴,巫彬芳,陈小娟,等.酸性红壤条件下钾硅钙肥对茄子生长及土壤性状的影响[J].现代农业科技,2017(20):68.
[24] 米长源.永顺县油菜施用硅钙肥效果研究[J].现代农业科技,2015(1):35.
[25] JONES L H P,HANDRECK K A.Studies of silica in the oat plant.Ⅲ.Uptake of silica from soils by the plants [J].Plant and Soil,1965,23(1):79.
[26] 张玉龙,王喜艳,刘明达,等.植物硅素营养与土壤硅素肥力研究现状和展望[J].土壤通报,2004,35(6):785.
[27] 许佳莹,朱练峰,禹盛苗,等.硅肥对水稻产量及生理特性影响的研究进展[J].中国稻米,2012,18(6):18.
[28] 吴英,魏丹,高洪生.硅在水稻营养中的作用及其有效条件的研究[J].中国土壤与肥料,1992(3):25.
[29] 张效朴,臧惠林.粉煤灰硅钙肥的增产原因及其有效施用条件[J].土壤,1986,18(2):67.
[30] 崔德杰,王月福.冬小麦硅钾肥施用效应的研究[J].土壤通报,1999,30(3):121.
[31] 刘卫萍,陈日远,孙光闻,等.不同钙素水平对红葱生长和品质的影响[J].中国蔬菜,2008,1(2):25.
[32] 孙晓娥,刘兆普,隆小华.不同供镁水平对两菊芋品种幼苗生物量、光合和叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(4):823.
[33] 李泽,谭晓风,卢锟,等.供镁水平对油桐幼苗生长及光合特性的影响[J].生态学杂志,2016,34(9):2440.
[34] 徐畅,陈祖富,高明,等.供镁水平对烤烟生长及养分吸收的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(1):191.
[35] 杨竹青.钙镁肥对番茄产量品质和养分吸收的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,1994(2):14.
[36] 李贺,刘世琦,陈祥伟,等.钙对水培青蒜苗生长、光合特性及品质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(5):1118.
[37] 马新,陈家杰,刘涛,等.水淬渣与钢渣硅肥对玉米硅、磷养分吸收及产量的影响[J].土壤,2016,48(1):65.
[38] ASSCHE F V,CLIJSTERS H.Effects of metals on enzyme activity in plants[J].Plant Cell Environ,1990,13(3):195.
[39] 陈向明,郑国生.钙对保护地栽培牡丹光合特性的影响[J].园艺学报,2001,28(6):572.
[40] 李文霞,张昕,石瑛,等.外源钙对马铃薯形态、生理、产量与品质性状的影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2015,46(7):1.
[41] 肖常沛,杨竹青.不同钙镁肥对蔬菜产量和品质的影响[J].长江蔬菜,2000(4):27.
[2] 张战军.从高铝粉煤灰中提取氧化铝等有用资源的研究[D].西安:西北大学,2007.
[3] 王永旺,松丽涛,郭昭华,等.高铝粉煤灰提取氧化铝技术综述[J].煤炭工程,2013,45(4):112.
[4] 唐福军,曲红杰,张之一.硅肥生产技术综述[J].黑龙江八一农垦大学学报,2006,18(4):72.
[5] 管菊根.燃煤电厂粉煤灰用于农业[J].环境工程,1986(5):29.
[6] 臧惠林,张效朴,管菊根,等.我国南方水稻施用电厂粉煤灰硅钙肥的效果[J].热力发电,1981(5):36.
[7] 宋说讲,孔德顺,王丽华,等.硅钙渣的综合利用研究进展[J].云南化工,2013,40(4):52.
[8] 孙俊民,耿郑州,张金山,等.粉煤灰提铝废渣制备硅钙板的工业实验研究[J].新型建筑材料,2013,40(11):53.
[9] 韩雨薇.高铝粉煤灰提取氧化铝硅钙渣制备透水砖研究[J].能源与节能,2013(10):121.
[10] 宗燕兵,李少华,李宇,等.硅钙渣陶瓷的制备与显微矿相分析[J].硅酸盐通报,2015,34(1):7.
[11] 陈建,马鸿文,蒋周青,等.高铝粉煤灰提铝硅钙渣制备硅灰石微晶玻璃研究[J].硅酸盐通报,2016,35(9):2898.
[12] 李元玲,贺龙强.紫外分光光度法测定新鲜蔬菜中维生素C的含量[J].焦作大学学报,2011,25(3):934.
[13] 谢忠雷,杨佰玲,包国章,等.茶园土壤锌的形态分布及其影响因素[J].农业环境科学学报,2006,25(z1):41.
[14] JOIMEL S,CORTET J,JOLIVET C C,et al.Physico-chemical characteristics of topsoil for contrasted forest,agricultural,urban and industrial land uses in France[J].Science of the Total Environment,2016,545/546(4):40.
[15] 贾建新.硅肥对改善提高农作物品质的作用[C]//中国土壤学会会议论文集.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2008:398.
[16] 杨丹,刘鸣达,姜峰,等.酸性和中性水田土壤施用硅肥的效应研究Ⅰ.对土壤pH、Eh及硅动态的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2012,31(4):757.
[17] 陈梅,陈亚华,沈振国,等.猪粪对红壤铝毒的缓解效应[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2002,8(2):173.
[18] 李学恒.土壤化学及实验指导[M].北京:农业科技出版社,1995.
[19] 杨洁.硅钙肥对提高水稻产量改善品质效果初探[J].北方水稻,2017,47(2):28.
[20] 李卫,徐福利,于钦民,等.施用硅钙钾肥对日光温室黄瓜生长与产量的影响[J].北方园艺,2012(6):41.
[21] 王晓军,高洪生,张磊,等.钢渣硅肥在白菜种植中的应用[J].北方园艺,2018(22):18.
[22] 马桂秀.西红柿增施硅钙肥田间肥效试验[J].农业科技通讯,2018(2):121.
[23] 程凤娴,巫彬芳,陈小娟,等.酸性红壤条件下钾硅钙肥对茄子生长及土壤性状的影响[J].现代农业科技,2017(20):68.
[24] 米长源.永顺县油菜施用硅钙肥效果研究[J].现代农业科技,2015(1):35.
[25] JONES L H P,HANDRECK K A.Studies of silica in the oat plant.Ⅲ.Uptake of silica from soils by the plants [J].Plant and Soil,1965,23(1):79.
[26] 张玉龙,王喜艳,刘明达,等.植物硅素营养与土壤硅素肥力研究现状和展望[J].土壤通报,2004,35(6):785.
[27] 许佳莹,朱练峰,禹盛苗,等.硅肥对水稻产量及生理特性影响的研究进展[J].中国稻米,2012,18(6):18.
[28] 吴英,魏丹,高洪生.硅在水稻营养中的作用及其有效条件的研究[J].中国土壤与肥料,1992(3):25.
[29] 张效朴,臧惠林.粉煤灰硅钙肥的增产原因及其有效施用条件[J].土壤,1986,18(2):67.
[30] 崔德杰,王月福.冬小麦硅钾肥施用效应的研究[J].土壤通报,1999,30(3):121.
[31] 刘卫萍,陈日远,孙光闻,等.不同钙素水平对红葱生长和品质的影响[J].中国蔬菜,2008,1(2):25.
[32] 孙晓娥,刘兆普,隆小华.不同供镁水平对两菊芋品种幼苗生物量、光合和叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(4):823.
[33] 李泽,谭晓风,卢锟,等.供镁水平对油桐幼苗生长及光合特性的影响[J].生态学杂志,2016,34(9):2440.
[34] 徐畅,陈祖富,高明,等.供镁水平对烤烟生长及养分吸收的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(1):191.
[35] 杨竹青.钙镁肥对番茄产量品质和养分吸收的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,1994(2):14.
[36] 李贺,刘世琦,陈祥伟,等.钙对水培青蒜苗生长、光合特性及品质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(5):1118.
[37] 马新,陈家杰,刘涛,等.水淬渣与钢渣硅肥对玉米硅、磷养分吸收及产量的影响[J].土壤,2016,48(1):65.
[38] ASSCHE F V,CLIJSTERS H.Effects of metals on enzyme activity in plants[J].Plant Cell Environ,1990,13(3):195.
[39] 陈向明,郑国生.钙对保护地栽培牡丹光合特性的影响[J].园艺学报,2001,28(6):572.
[40] 李文霞,张昕,石瑛,等.外源钙对马铃薯形态、生理、产量与品质性状的影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2015,46(7):1.
[41] 肖常沛,杨竹青.不同钙镁肥对蔬菜产量和品质的影响[J].长江蔬菜,2000(4):27.